American Dental Board of Prostodontics 2008

THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PROSTHODONTISTS
Implant, Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry
American College of Prosthodontists

Mock Board Exam 2008
1. A recent systematic review (Torabinejad et al., 2007) compared therapeutic outcomes of
nonsurgical root canal treatment with three alternative treatments that involve extraction of the
affected tooth: (1) tooth replacement using a FPD, (2) tooth replacement using an implant
supported single crown and (3) no tooth replacement. Findings of this systematic review
indicate:
a. Single implants restored with crowns and nonsurgical endodontic treatments resulted in
superior long-term survival compared to fixed partial dentures.
b. Priority in treatment planning should be given to retain the teeth through root canal treatment
and replacement with an implant-supported single crown should not be considered.
c. Endodontically treated teeth should be replaced with implant-supported single crowns.
d. Extraction of teeth without replacement is preferred over fabricating a fixed partial denture.
e. None of the above reflect conclusion of this systematic review.
Answer: a
Reference: Torabinejad M, Anderson P, Bader J, Brown LJ, Chen LH, Goodacre CJ, Kattadiyil
MT, Kutsenko D, Lozada J, Patel R, Petersen F, Puterman I, White SN. Outcomes of root
canal treatment and restoration, implant-supported single crowns, fixed partial dentures, and
extraction without replacement: A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2007;98:285-311.
2. The State of the Science on Implant Dentistry Consensus Conference (2006) addressed eight
questions using a systematic review approach. What consensus findings were reported in
response to the question: Does the type of implant prosthesis affect outcomes for edentulous
arches? (Please provide the most appropriate answer):
a. Based on available studies, there is no clear evidence that prosthesis type affects postplacement prosthesis maintenance requirements.
b. There is an abundance of scientifically valid evidence addressing this question for treatment
extending to 15 years following prosthesis placement.
c. Based on available studies, maxillary removable implant-assisted prostheses are associated
with high mean implant survival over 5 to 10 years.
d. Based on available studies, there is no clear evidence that prosthesis type (fixed vs.
removable) affects implant survival.
e. The abundance of scientifically suitable evidence comparing maxillary fixed and removable
prostheses made their comparison valid with respect to implant survival over 5 to 10 years.
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www.prosthodontics.org

Answer: d
Reference: Bryant, S.R.; MacDonald-Jankowski, D. and Kim, K. (2007): Does the type of
implant prosthesis affect outcomes for the completely edentulous arch? International Journal
of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 22(suppl):117-139.
3. What is a function of vanadium in titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) alloy?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Stabilizes the beta phase of the alloy

Stabilizes the alpha phase of the alloy
Destabilizes the alpha phase of the alloy
None of the above
Answer: a
Reference: McCracken M. Dental implant materials: Commercially pure titanium and titanium
alloys, J Prosthodont 1999;8:40-43.
4. Stereographic mandibular movement recordings (also known as stereograms) are used to:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Fabricate custom incisal tables

Establish functionally generated pathways
Program the TMJ articulator
Fabricate surgical stents
Answer: c
Reference: Rosenstiel SF, Land MF and Fujimoto J.Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics, 4th
Edition. St Louis: Mosby-Elsevier, Inc., 2006, p. 70. Wipf HH. Pathways to occlusion: TMJ
stereographic analog and mandibular movement indicator. Dent Clin North Amer
1979;23:271-87.
5. Which cellular component is most affected by therapeutic radiation?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Cell wall
Endodplasmic reticulum
Answer: a
Reference: Beumer J, Curtis TA and Nishimura R. Radiation therapy of head and neck tumors.
Oral effects, dental manifestations, and dental treatment. In: Maxillofacial Rehabilitation
Prosthodontic and Surgical Considerations, J Beumer, TA Curtis and MT Marunick (Eds.).
St. Louis: Ishiyaku EuroAmerica, Inc., 1996, p. 44.
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6. Alloys formulated for use in metal-ceramic restorations must possess carefully controlled
coefficients of thermal expansion. It is essential that the coefficient of thermal expansion of the
metal must be:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Slightly greater than the matched porcelain

Slightly less than the matched porcelain
Exactly the same as the matching porcelain
Significantly greater than the matching porcelain
Answer: a
Reference: Craig RG and Powers JM. Restorative Dental Materials, 11th Edition. St. Louis:
Mosby, Inc., 2002, p. 555.
7. The stylomandibular ligament:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Originates at the styloid process and inserts just inferior to the lingula
Limits posterior movement of the mandible
Originates at the spine of the sphenoid bone and inserts inferior to the lingula
Limits extreme protrusion of the mandible
Answer: d
Reference: Rosenstiel SF, Land MF and Fujimoto J. Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics, 4th
Edition. St Louis: Mosby-Elsevier, Inc., 2006, p. 112.
8. The angle formed by the intersection of the protrusive and nonworking side condylar paths as
viewed in the sagittal plane (i.e., posterior vertical flag) of a pantographic tracing is termed:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Stuarts angle
Frankfort mandibular angle
Fischers angle
Bennetts angle
Lucias angle
Answer: c
Reference: Fischer R. Beziehungen zwischen den kieferbewegungen und der kauflachenform
der zuhne. Schweizerische Monataschrift fur Zahnhielkunde Zurich 1926;74. Academy of
Prosthodontics. The Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms, 8th Edition (GPT-8). J Prosthet Dent
2005;94:38. Weinberg LA. An evaluation of basic articulators and their concepts. Part I.
Basic concepts. J Prosthet Dent 1963;13:622-44.
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9. Desirable occlusal contact relationships for removable partial dentures include all of the
following EXCEPT:
a. Simultaneous bilateral contacts of opposing posterior teeth must occur in centric relation.
b. Balanced contact of opposing posterior teeth in a straightforward protrusive relationship and
functional excursive positions is desired when an opposing compete denture or bilateral distal
extension maxillary removable partial denture is placed.
c. In the Kennedy Class IV removable partial denture configuration, contact of opposing
anterior teeth in the planned intercuspal position is desired to prevent a continuous eruption
of the opposing natural incisors.
d. Working and balancing side contacts should be formulated for maxillary or mandibular
unilateral distal extension removable partial dentures.
Answer: d
Reference: Carr AB, McGivney GP, and Brown DT. McCrackens Removable Partial
Prosthodontics, 11th Edition. St. Louis: Mosby, Inc., 2005, pp. 302-305.
10. Clinicians should be very careful that the pulpal temperature does not rise during tooth
preparation. An increase in temperature of more than ____oC is considered potentially
detrimental to pulp health.
a.
b.
c.
d.
4
6
2
8
Answer: b
Reference: Zach L and Cohen G. Pulp response to externally applied heat. Oral Surg Oral Med
Oral Pathol 1965;19:515-30.
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PICO questions using a systematic review approach. What consensus findings were reported in
response to the question: For teeth requiring endodontic treatment, what are the differences in
outcomes of restored endodontically treated teeth compared to implant-supported restorations?
(Please provide the most appropriate answer.):
a. There is no statistically significant difference in survival outcome between these two
treatment modalities.
b. The decision to treat a compromised tooth with nonsurgical endodontics followed by an
appropriate restoration or replace it with an implant should be based on treatment outcome.
c. In general, treating a compromised tooth with nonsurgical endodontics followed by an
appropriate restoration has a lower survival rate than extracting that tooth and placing a
single implant restoration.
d. In general, treating a compromised tooth with nonsurgical endodontics followed by an
appropriate restoration has a higher survival rate than extracting that tooth and placing a
single implant restoration.
e. The quality and methodology of the published literature in this area of interest are ideal for
addressing this question.
Answer: a
Reference: Iqbal, M.K. and Kim, S. For teeth requiring endodontic treatment, what are the
differences in outcomes of restored endodontically treated teeth compared to implantsupported restorations? Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2007;22(suppl.):96-116.
12. After removing a polyether impression from the mouth, it is rinsed in tap water and air dried. In
order to disinfect the impression, which of the following regimens should be followed?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Submerge and soak the impression in a 2% glutaraldehyde solution

Spray disinfect the impression with a chlorine containing compound
Spray disinfect the impression with an iodophor solution
Disinfect the impression using an alcohol containing rinse
Disinfect the impression by submergence in chlorhexidine
Answer: b
Reference: Rosenstiel SF, Land MF and Fujimoto J.Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics, 4th
Edition. St Louis: Mosby-Elsevier, Inc., 2006, pp. 460-1.
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13. The primary mode of failure in all-ceramic crowns is

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Cone cracks
Radial cracks
Compound cracks
Lunar cracks
Continuous cracks
Answer: b
Reference: Lawn BR, Deng Y, Lloyd IK, Janal MN, Rekow ED and Thompson VP, Materials
design of ceramic-based layer structures for crowns. J Dent Res 2002;81:433-438.
14. Combination syndrome most commonly occurs when an edentulous maxilla is opposed by
natural mandibular anterior teeth. The syndrome is characterized by all of the following except:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Bone loss from the anterior portion of the maxillary ridge

Down-growth of the maxillary tuberosities
Maxillary papillary hyperplasia in the hard palate
Mandibular midline paresthesia
Extrusion of the mandibular anterior teeth
Answer: d
Reference: Kelly E. Changes caused by a mandibular removable partial denture opposing a
maxillary complete denture. J Prosthet Dent 1972;27:140-50. Saunders TR, Gillis RE and
Desjardins RP. The maxillary complete denture opposing the mandibular bilateral distalextension partial denture:Treatment considerations. J Prosthet Dent 1979;41:124-8.
15. A prosthodontist removes an existing crown and determines that the existing preparation exhibits
inadequate resistance form, with a total occlusal convergence of 20 and an occlusal-cervical
height of less than 3mm. Which of the following would likely be most effective in significantly
enhancing the resistance form of this preparation?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Placing proximal groves or boxes maintaining the 20 of total occlusal convergence

Placing an occlusal isthmus
Reducing the total occlusal convergence in the cervical half of the axial walls to 8
Placing buccal-lingual groves maintaining the total occlusal convergence of 20
Answer: c
Reference: Proussaefs P, Campagni W, Bernal G, Goodacre C and Kim J. Effectiveness of
auxiliary features on a tooth preparation with inadequate resistance form. J Prosthet Dent
2004;91:33-41.
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16. Advantages of digital imaging include all of the following, EXCEPT:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Allows for a paperless office

Ability to obtain consultation from a remote source
Images can be transferred via telecommunications technology for remote viewing and study
Images can be manipulated or adjusted while being viewed
There is less risk of cross-contamination between patients
Answer: e
Reference: Razmus TF and Williamson GF. Current Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging, 1st
Edition. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co., 1996, p. 9.
17. Rosen et al. (1999) used a bone-added osteotome sinus floor elevation technique in which
graft materials and osteotomes were used to elevate the sinus membrane through the osteotomy
prior to implant placement. The most important determinant of implant survival was:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Type of graft material used

Type of implant surface used
Number of months of loading on implants
Presence of at least 5mm of bone between ridge crest and sinus floor pre-operatively
Answer: d
Reference: Rosen PS, Summers R, Mellado JR, Salkin LM, Shanaman RH, Marks MH and
Fugazzotto PA. The bone-added osteotome sinus floor elevation technique: Multicenter
retrospective report of consecutively treated patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants
1999;14:853-858.
18. Changing the facebow transfer third point of reference after programming the articulator using
eccentric (lateral) interocclusal records will affect the accuracy of the:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Intercondylar distance
Tooth contact relationships in centric occlusion
Condylar inclination relationships to the occlusal plane
Anterior disocclusive angle
All of the above
Answer: c
Reference: Weinberg LA. An evaluation of the face-bow mounting. J Prosthet Dent
1961;11:32-42.
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19. In 1978, Crum and Rooney compared bone loss between patients with natural tooth complete
overdentures and patients with conventional complete dentures. After following patients for 5
years, results indicated:
a. Bone resorption was 8 times less in the posterior mandible in patients with overdentures
b. Bone resorption was 8 times more in the posterior mandible in patients with over dentures
c. In patients with overdentures, the amount of vertical mandibular bone loss was 0.6mm on
average.
d. The alveolar bone immediately posterior to the canines is NOT preserved.
Answer: c
Reference: Crum RJ and Rooney GE. Alveolar bone loss in overdentures: A 5-year study. J
Prosthet Dent 1978;40:610-3.
20. Which of the following is not a basic rule of the geometry of intraoral dental radiology?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The source-to-tooth distance should be as short as is practical.

The tooth-to-film (or tooth-to-digital sensor) distance should be as short as is practical.
The tooth and the film (or the digital sensor) should be as parallel as is practical.
The central x-ray beam should be perpendicular to the tooth as well as the film (or the face of
the digital sensor).
Answer: a
Reference: Wuehrmann AH and Manson-Hing LR. Dental Radiology. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby
Co., 1973, 88-123.
21. Differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion between a metal framework and its
porcelain veneer are critical to the success of metal-ceramic restorations. Within what percentage
should the coefficients of thermal expansion of a successful metal-ceramic system be matched?
a.
b.
c.
d.
0.01%
1.0%
4.0%
10%
Answer: c
Reference: Anusavice KJ and Brantley WA. Physical properties of dental materials. In: Phillips'
Science of Dental Materials, 11th Edition, KJ Anusavice (Ed.). St. Louis: Elsevier Science,
2003. pp. 54-56.
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22. To reduce metamerism and to provide a vital appearance, dental porcelain should:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Exhibit a blue-white color when viewed under ultraviolet light

Exhibit a blue-yellow color when viewed under ultraviolet light
Have no fluorescent characteristics
Be externally characterized using low fusing glazes
Answer: a
Reference: Preston JD. Perspectives in Dental Ceramics Proceedings of the Fouth
International Symposium on Ceramics. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co., Inc., 1988, p.
257.
23. As discussed by Parker et al. (1988), the limiting taper of a tooth preparation in fixed
prosthodontics depends on:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The height/base ratio of the preparation

The taper of the preparation
The diameter of the preparation
The finish line used in the preparation
Both a and b are correct
Answer: e
Reference: Parker MH, Gunderson RB, Gardner FM, Calverley MJ. Quantitative determination
of taper adequate to provide resistance form: Concept of limiting taper. J Prosthet Dent
1988;59:281-8.
24. According to the Albrektssons (1986) suggested minimum success criteria for dental implants,
how many millimeters of radiographic vertical bone loss per annum is considered within normal
limits after the first year in function?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
0.1 mm
0.2 mm
0.3 mm
0.5 mm
0.7 mm
Answer: b
Reference: Albrektsson T, Zarb G, Worthington P and Eriksson AR. The long-term efficacy of
currently used dental implants: A review and proposed criteria of success. Int J Oral
Maxillofac Implants 1986;1:11-25.
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25. With respect to relief for the guide plate advocated by Dr. Kratochvil (DATE) and its use on
primary abutments for Kennedy class 1 or 2 removable partial dentures, Dr. Kratochvil suggested:
a. That 28 ga. wax relief be provided during blockout of the master cast in the area to be
contacted by the guiding plate
b. That 32 ga. wax relief be provided during blockout of the master cast in the area to be
c. That 24 ga. wax relief be provided during blockout of the master cast in the area to be
d. That 22 ga. wax relief be provided during blockout of the master cast in the area to be
e. That functional relief (i.e., physiologic adjustment) be provided to the framework before the
altered cast impression is made
Answer: e
Reference: Kratochvil FJ. Influence of occlusal rest position and clasp design on movement of
abutment teeth. J Prosthet Dent 1963;13:114-24. Kratochvil FJ. Partial Removable
Prosthodontics. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 1988. pp. 53-5,123-31. Brudvik JS,
Advanced Removable Partial Dentures. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co., Inc., 1999,
pp. 23-4.
26. Lateral cephalometric planes may aid in the determination of relationships important to diagnosis
and treatment planning in prosthodontics. The McNamara line relates the:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Anteroposterior relationship of maxilla and mandible to cranial base

Relationship of maxillary teeth to the maxilla
Relationship of mandibular teeth to the mandible
Vertical relationship of mandible and maxilla to cranial base and to each other
Answer: a
Reference: Dawson PE. Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Occlusal Problems, 2nd
Edition. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby Co., 1989, pp. 583-5.
27. The relative distribution (i.e., from most frequent to least frequent) of palatal tumors by
histologic origin is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Salivary > Mesenchymal > Epidermoid > Metastatic

Epidermoid > Salivary > Metastatic > Mesenchymal
Salivary > Epidermoid > Metastatic > Mesenchymal
Epidermoid > Salivary > Mesenchymal > Metastatic
Epidermoid > Salivary > Chondral > Metastatic
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Answer: d
Reference: Curtis TA and Beumer J. Restoration of acquired hard palate defects. Etiology,
disability, and rehabilitation. In: Maxillofacial Rehabilitation Prosthodontic and Surgical
Considerations, J Beumer, TA Curtis and MT Marunick (Eds.). St. Louis: Ishiyaku
EuroAmerica, Inc., 1996, p. 229.
28. Lidocaine and Mepivacaine local anesthetics are:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Amides
Esters
Proteins
Glycosides
None of the above
Answer: a
Reference: Malamed SF. Handbook of Local Anesthesia, 2nd Edition. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby
Co., 1986, pp. 22-31.
29. A statistical test used to analyze two (unpaired) treatment groups with quantitative data is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
A Mann Whitney test

A chi-squared analysis
An unpaired t-test
An Analysis of variance
All of the above
Answer: c
Reference: Baumgardner K. A review of key research design and statistical analysis issues Oral
Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1997;84:550.
30. While considering published research in order to answer a well-defined PICO question during a
systematic review, you are interested in qualifying the large volume of articles you have
accumulated from various professional journals. With respect to study design, which of the
following represents the highest level of evidence?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Prospective study in sequential cases

Randomized controlled clinic trial
Case report
Cohort or retrospective study
Randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial
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Answer: e
Reference: Proskin HM, Jeffcoat RL, Catlin A, Campbell J and Jeffcoat MK. A meta-analytic
approach to determine the state of the science on implant dentistry. Int J Oral Maxillofac
Implants 2007;22(suppl.):11-8.
31. When considering the design of a rotational path RPD, which of the following statements is
NOT TRUE:
a. As the number of minor connectors increase, the potential difficulty of rotating the
framework into place also increases.
b. The further a minor connector is from the axis of framework rotation, the greater the
curvature of the arc of framework placement.
c. Block out of the master cast must be determined by radii extending at right angles from the
planned axis of framework rotation.
d. The closer a minor connector is to the axis of framework rotation, the greater the curvature of
the arc of framework placement.
Answer: b
Reference: Kroll AJ, Jacobson TE, and Finzen FC. Removable Partial Denture Design. Outline
Syllabus, 5th Edition. San Rafael: Indent, 1999, pp. 87-88.
32. A gold casting alloy may be hardened if it contains a sufficient amount of which element?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Silver
Palladium
Copper
Tin
Platinum
Answer: c
Reference: Anusavice KJ and Cascone P. Dental casting and soldering alloys. In: Phillip's
Science of Dental Materials, 11th Edition, KJ Anusavice (Ed.). St. Louis: Elsevier Science,
2003, p. 575.
33. The Au content of gold foil is approximately:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
75%
78%
83%
85%
99%
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Answer: e
Reference: Anusavice KJ. Direct filling gold. In: Phillip's Science of Dental Materials, 11th
Edition, KJ Anusavice (Ed.). St. Louis: Elsevier Science, 2003, p. 548.
34. Limited cone beam computerized tomography (LCBCT) has several advantages when compared
to spiral computerized tomography (SCT). The advantages of LCBCT include all of the
following EXCEPT:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Decreased total absorbed radiation

Improved spatial resolution on cross-sectional images
Increased field size
Greater suitability for dental applications
Improved visualization of cancellous bone
Answer: c
Reference: Kobayashi K, Shimoda S, Nakagawa Y and Yamamoto A. Accuracy in measurement
of distance using limited cone-beam computerized tomography. Int J Oral Maxillofac
Implants 2004; 19:228-31.
35. Drug interactions are most likely to occur with which of the following antibiotics?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Amoxicillin (Amoxil)
Cephalexin (Keflex)
Erythromycin (E-Mycin)
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Doxycline (Vibramycin)
Answer: c
Reference: Hersch EV. Adverse drug interactions in dental practice: interactions involving
antibiotics. Part II of a series. J Am Dent Assoc 1999; 130:236-251.
36. Surgical removal of the entire eye and surrounding structure is known as
a.
b.
c.
d.
Evulsion
Exenteration
Evisceration
Scleration
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Answer: b
Reference: Academy of Prosthodontics. The Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms, 8th Edition
(GPT-8). J Prosthet Dent 2005; 94:36.
37. Surgical modifications which may improve the prognosis for maxillary obturator prosthetic
rehabilitation include all of the following EXCEPT:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Conservation of premaxilla
Skin graft of cheek flap
Medial bony margin coverage using palatal mucosa
Surgical resection through trans-septal bone approximating the tooth bordering the proposed
defect
Answer: d
Reference: Curtis BA, Beumer III J. Chapter 6 - Restoration of acquired hard palate defects:
etiology, disability and rehabilitation. In: Maxillofacial Rehabilitation: Prosthodontic and
Surgical Considerations, Beumer J, Curtis TA, Marunick MT, Eds., Ishiyaku EuroAmerica,
Inc., St. Louis, 1996, p. 58.
38. For sinus augmentation procedures in preparation for dental implant placement, several different
grafting materials and material combinations have been experimentally evaluated and clinically
used. Bone formation following maxillary sinus grafting is fastest and most complete when:
a. A combination of autogenous bone, porous hydroxy appetite and demineralized freeze dried
bone is used as the grafting material
b. Autogenous bone is used as the grafting material
c. Alloplasts are used as the grafting material
d. All grafting materials produce the same results with respect to rate and completeness of bone
formation.
Answer: b
Reference: Misch CE. The maxillary sinus lift and sinus graft surgery. In: Contemporary
Implant Dentistry, 2nd Edition. St. Louis: Mosby, Inc., 1999, pp. 487-8.
39. Eriksson and Albrektsson have reported that bone cell necrosis in rabbits occurs at temperatures
higher than:
a.
b.
c.
d.
39C (86F)
47C (104F)
50C (122F)
66C (140F)
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Answer: b
Reference: Eriksson AR, Albrektsson T. Temperature threshold levels for heat-induced bone
tissue injury: A vital-microscopic study in the rabbit. J Prosthet Dent. 1983; 50:101-7.
40. How does an INCREASE in the intercondylar distance affect the occlusal groove pattern on
mandibular molars?
a. No effect on the groove pattern in discernable
b. Moves the groove pattern mesial resulting in a more obtuse angular relationship between
working and balancing pathways
c. Moves the groove pattern distal resulting in a more acute angular relationship between
working and balancing pathways
d. Deepen the grooves to accommodate opposing palatal cusps
Answer: c
Reference: Aull A. Condylar determinants of occlusal patterns. J Prosth Dent 1965;
15:826-46.
41. Untreated obstructive sleep apnea can result in which of the following (provide the most
appropriate answer):
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Systemic hypertension
Angina
Depression
Stroke
All of the above
Answer: e
Reference: Magliocca KR, Helman JI. Obstructive sleep apnea: Diagnosis, medical management
and dental implications. J Am Dent Assoc. 2005; 136:1121-9.
42. All of the following are common anti-anxiety drug agents EXCEPT:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Nitrous oxide and oxygen

Flurazepam
Pentobarbital
Alcohol
Meperidine
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Answer: e
Reference: Malamed SF: Handbook of Medical Emergencies, 3rd Edition, St. Louis: Mosby
Year Book, 1987, pp. 253-264.
43. In tooth formation, the bell stage is characterized by all of the following cells EXCEPT:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Inner enamel epithelial cells

Outer enamel epithelial cells
Stratum intermedium cells
Stellate reticulum cells
Odontoblasts and ameloblasts
Answer: e
Reference: Ten Cate AR. Oral Histology Development, Structure, and Function. St. Louis:
C.V. Mosby Co., 1989, 57-79.
44. What is the effect of cigarette smoking on dental implant survival when implants are placed in
grafted maxillary sinuses?
a. Smoking has no effect on implant survival rate.
b. Smoking increases blood supply and improves healing.
c. Smoking is detrimental to the success of osseointegrated implants in grafted maxillary
sinuses regardless of the quantity of cigarettes consumed.
d. Smoking is detrimental to the success of osseointegrated implants in grafted maxillary
sinuses only in heavy smokers.
e. None of the above are true.
Answer: c
Reference: Kan JY, Rungcharassaeng K, Lozada JL and Goodacre CJ. Effects of smoking on
implant success in grafted maxillary sinuses. J Prosthet Dent 1999;82:307-11.
45. All of the following statements are true regarding wrought wires used for retentive clasp arms
EXCEPT:
a. When wrought wire is heated, its physical properties and microstructure may be considerably
altered.
b. The tensile strength of a wrought structure is over 95% greater than that of the cast alloy
from which it was made.
c. A wrought structure having a smaller cross-section than a cast structure may be used as a
retainer arm (retentive) to perform the same function.
d. A minimum yield strength of 60,000 psi is required for the retentive element of a wrought
wire direct retainer.
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Answer: b
Reference: Carr AB, McGivney GP, and Brown DT. McCrackens Removable Partial
Prosthodontics, 11th Edition. St. Louis: Mosby, Inc., 2005, pp. 225-7.
46. Porosities in noble metal castings are classified as solidification defects, trapped gas inclusions,
and residual air inclusions. Which of the following fall into the solidification defects
classification?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Pinhole porosity
Gas inclusion porosity
Localized shrinkage porosity
Subsurface porosity
Answer: c
Reference: Anusavice KJ. Casting investments and procedures. In: Phillips Science of Dental
Materials, 11th Edition, KJ Anusavice (Ed.). St. Louis: Elsevier Science, 2003, pp. 342-6.
47. The intrusion of teeth in fixed partial dentures supported by both implants and natural teeth is
hypothesized to be caused by:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Disuse atrophy
Differential energy dissipation
Mandibular flexure
Fixed partial denture flexure
All of the above
Answer: e
Reference: Pesun IJ. Intrusion of teeth in the combination implant-to-natural-tooth fixed partial
denture: a review of the theories. J Prosthodont. 1997; 6:268-77.
48. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) does not use ionizing radiation to form diagnostic images,
but depends on _________ atoms in the body reacting a certain way in a magnetic field.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Oxygen
Titanium
Hydrogen
Carbon
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Answer: c
Reference: Razmus TF and Williamson GF. Current Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging.
Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1996, p. 17.
49. The velopharyngeal closure pattern in normal patients varies among individuals. Which of the
following is the most common pattern of velopharyngeal closure?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Circular pattern
Coronal pattern
Circular pattern with Passavants ridge
Sagittal pattern
Answer: b
Reference: Curtis TA and Beumer J. Speech, velopharyngeal function, and restoration of soft
palate defects. In: Maxillofacial Rehabilitation Prosthodontic and Surgical Considerations,
J Beumer, TA Curtis and MT Marunick (Eds.). St. Louis: Ishiyaku EuroAmerica, Inc., 1996,
p. 293-5.
PICO questions using a systematic review approach. What consensus findings were reported in
response to the question: How do smoking, diabetes and periodontitis affect outcomes of
implant treatment? (Please provide the most appropriate answer.):
a. The effects of cigarette smoking tend to be more pronounced in Type I bone.
b. A history of treated periodontitis does appear to adversely affect implant survival rates.
c. It could not be shown that cigarette smoking has an adverse effect upon implant survival and
success.
d. Type II diabetes may have an adverse effect on implant survival rates, but the limited number
of studies that qualified for inclusion in the systematic review did not permit definitive
conclusions.
e. No conclusive evidence was found for any of these factors.
Answer: d
Reference: Klokkevold PR and Han TJ. How do smoking, diabetes, and periodontitis affect
outcomes of implant treatment? Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2007; 22(suppl.):173-202.
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51. Radiation absorbed dose is used to quantify the amount of ionizing radiation received by a
patient. The following doses are equivalent, with the exception of:
a. 1.0 Gy
b. 100 rad
c. 114 R
d. 100 ergs/g of air
Answer: d
Reference: Razmus TF, Williamson GF. Current Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging Philadelphia,
WB Saunders, 1996, P80-81
52. Mandibular lateral translation affects the following aspects of occlusal morphology:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Cusp height
Fossa depth
Cusp height and fossa depth
Ridge and groove direction
Cusp height, fossa depth, and ridge and groove direction
Answer: e
Reference: Okeson JP. Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion, 5th ed.
St Louis, Mosby, 2003. P137-145
53. A Hounsfield unit is a normalized index of x-ray attenuation and is based upon three substances.
The substances are:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Water, barium, air

Bone, blood, oxygen
Water, bone, barium
Air, bone, water
Water, air, blood
Answer: d
Reference:
White SC, Pharoah MJ. Oral Radiology: Principles and Interpretation, ed 4, St Louis, 2000,
Mosby. P3-25
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54. Which one of the following implant crown designs is most likely to undergo prosthetic screw
loosening?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Buccolingualy narrow crown supported by a wide diameter implant

Buccolingually wide crown supported by a wide diameter implant
Buccolingually wide crown supported by 2 regular diameter implants
Buccolingually narrow crown supported by 2 regular diameter implants
Screws will not loosen as long as manufacturers recommendations are followed
Answer: b
Reference: Bakaeen LG, Winkler S, Neff PA. The effect of implant diameter, restoration
design, and occlusal table variations on screw loosening of posterior single-tooth implant
restorations. J Oral Implantol 2001; 27; 63-72
55. Early wound healing around endosseous implants involves phenotypic conversion of
mesenchymal cells into bone-forming cells. What is the term given to this phenomenon?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Osseoinduction
Osseoinversion
Appositional bone growth
Contact osteogenesis
Diapedesis
Answer: a
Reference: Raghavendra, Wood, Taylor: Early wound healing around endosseous implants: A
review of the literature. J Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 2005; 20:425-431
56. The trigeminal nerve has both motor and sensory functions. Which division of the trigeminal
nerve also contains proprioceptive fibers that serve the deep sensibility of the muscles of
mastication?
a.
b.
c.
d.
V1 the ophthalmic division

V2 the maxillary division
V3 the mandibular division
None of the above
Answer: c
Reference: Okeson JP. Bells Orofacial Pains. The Clinical Management of Orofacial Pain.
Sixth Edition, Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc; 2005, P 35
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57. According to the 2006 Academy of Osseointegration Consensus, what was the apparent effect of
time-to-loading for implant-borne prostheses?
a.
b.
c.
Immediate loading was a disadvantage

Delayed loading was significantly more predictable than other methods
Immediate loading only proved comparable with delayed loading in removable
prostheses
d. Immediate loading only proved comparable with delayed loading in fixed prostheses
e. Although the average outcome favored delayed loading, there was no definitive evidence
that immediate or early loading cannot be safe
Answer: e
Reference: Jokstad A, Carr AB. State of the Science on Implant Dentistry. IJOMI, Vol. 22,
2007 Supplement. A Workshop Developed Using an Evidence-Based Approach.P19-45.
58. Which of the following statements regarding the golden proportion is correct?
a. The ratio between the mesiodistal diameter of the maxillary lateral incisor and the central
incisor should be equal to 0.718
b. The golden proportion differs from the average mesiodistal measurements of natural teeth
c. The ratio between the mesiodistal diameter of the maxillary lateral incisor and the central
d. The ratio between the mesiodistal diameter of the maxillary lateral incisor and the central
Answer: b
Reference: Chiche G, Pinault A. Esthetics of Anterior Fixed Prosthodontics. Quintessence
1994. P64
59. Root anatomy and morphology may impact oral hygiene and plaque removal procedures.
Differences in root form also may complicate tooth preparation, and may predispose the root to
endodontic involvement, fracture or perforation. Which of the following is true regarding the
roots of maxillary first premolars?
a. Approximately 55% of maxillary first premolars have two roots with a bifurcation located
in the middle third
b. Approximately 80% of maxillary first premolars are single rooted
c. Approximately 30% of maxillary first premolars are single rooted
d. They possess the longest root in the maxillary arch and thus are important for
proprioception
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Answer: a
Reference:Rosenberg, Kay, Keough, Holt. Periodontal and Prosthetic Management for
Advanced Cases. Quintessence 1988. P141
60. When powder and liquid components of a heat-activated denture base resin system are mixed in
proper proportions the resultant mass passes through five distinct stages of consistency. At which
stage should the mass be introduced into the mold cavity to begin the compression molding
process?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Sandy
Stringy
Doughy
Rubbery
Stiff
Answer: c
Reference: Phoenix R.D. (2003): Denture base resins. In: Phillips Science of Dental Materials,
11th Edition, K.J. Anusavice (editor). St. Louis, MO: Saunders, P727
61. Multi-slice Computerized Tomography systems provide all the following technical benefits
EXCEPT:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Increased volume coverage

Shorter scan times
Improved axial (longitudinal) resolution
Elimination of streak artifacts when radiodense dental restorations are present
Better use of the X-ray tube output
Answer: d
Reference: Vannier MW, Craniofacial computed tomography scanning: technology,
applications, and future trends. Orthod Craniofacial Res 6 (Suppl. 1), 2003; 23-30
62. Combination syndrome was first described by:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Jones
Simmons
Kelly
Christensen
Pound
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Answer: c
Reference: Kelly E. Changes caused by a mandibular removable partial denture opposing a
maxillary complete denture. J Prosthet Dent 1972;27:140-150
63. According to Niles Guichet, the four determinants of mandibular movements are:
a.
b.
c.
d.
The right TMJ, the left TMJ, occlusion and the neuromuscular determinant
The condylar guidance, incisal guidance, cusp height and compensating curves
The cusp angle, the glenoid fossa, the articular disk and ligaments
Muscle coordination, parafunctional habits, interocclusal distance and horizontal overlap
Answer: a
Reference: Guichet. Occlusion: A Teaching Manual. Denar Corporation 1977. P 19
64. When a pulpless molar is restored using a prefabricated post with a direct core reconstruction
and a complete crown, and there is only 1.5-2 mm height of tooth structure coronal to the finish
line of the crown preparation, the core material of choice is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Silver-modified glass ionomer

Composite resin
Compomer
Silver amalgam
Answer: d
Reference: Morgano SM, Rodrigues AHC, Sabrosa CE. Restoration of endodontically treated
teeth. Dent Clin North Am 2004;48:397-416
65. The debate continues as to whether or not centric relation is the correct position for the condyles
when the teeth are in maximum intercuspation. If the elevator muscles contract to occlude the
teeth in an eccentric position ,what additional muscle activity in addition to elevator muscles
must be coordinated to provide the muscle braced maximum intercuspation position?
a. Contraction of the infrahyoid muscles to stabilize the mandibular position
b. Release of the deep masseter to avoid conflict with the medial pterygoid muscle
c. Differential contraction of the positioner muscles, specifically the inferior pterygoids
Answer: c
Reference: Dawson PE. Functional Occlusion from TMJ to Smile Design. Mosby-Elsevier
2007. P 48
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66. Cobalt-chromium alloys and gold alloys may be used in the construction of retentive clasp arms
for removable partial dentures. As might be expected, differences in the physical properties of
these alloys warrant careful consideration. Which of the following statements regarding cobaltchrome alloys and gold alloys is NOT true?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The retentive clasp arms for both alloys should be approximately the same size
The depth of undercut used for retention must be reduced by one half when a cobaltchromium alloy is used
Cobalt-chromium alloys are reported to work harden more rapidly than gold alloys
Cobalt-chromium alloys usually have larger grain sizes and lower proportional limits
Gold alloy retentive clasps are approximately four times as flexible as cobalt-chromium
alloy retentive clasps
Answer: e
Reference: Carr AB, McGivney GP, Brown DT. McCrackens Removable Partial
Prosthodontics, 11th Edition, Elsevier, Mosby, P 224
67. Utilizing a facebow when mounting a master cast on a semi-adjustable articulator may have
adverse esthetic consequences because:
a.
b.
c.
d.
The esthetic reference plane and intercondylar axis may not be parallel
The incisal edge position of the anterior restorations may be placed too far labially
Condylar determinants may not be accurately transferred
None of the above
Answer: a
Reference: Chiche GJ, Pinalt A. Esthetics of anterior fixed prosthodontics. Chicago:
Quintessence; 1994. P 115-118
68. Trauma from occlusion, in the presence of periodontitis most commonly results in:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Narrowing of the periodontal ligament space

Pulpal necrosis
The formation of intrabony pockets
Dental intrusion
Decrease in biologic width
Answer: c
Reference: Carranza, et al. Clinical Periodontology 9th Edition. 2002. P 377
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69. The addition of yttrium, cerium, magnesium or calcium to zirconium oxide is to:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Stabilize it in its tetragonal form

Stabilize it in its monoclinic form
Increase opacity
Decrease opacity
Prevent greening of the ceramic
Answer: a
Reference: Kelly JR. Dental ceramics: current thinking and trends. Dental Clinics of North
America 2004; 48:513-530
70. Radiographs have limited use in the identification of TMJ pathologic conditions. However,
several plane film techniques are useful to image the TMJ. All of the following are used when
the clinician has reason to believe a joint pathosis exists except:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Panoramic film
Submentovertex view
Lateral transcranial view
Transpharyngeal view
Transmaxillary view
Answer: b
Reference: Okeson JP. Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion, 5th ed.
St Louis, Mosby, 2003, P 291-298
71. Which of the following best describes the retrodiscal tissues referred to as the bilaminar zone of
the TMJ?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Elastic and fibrous tissue that is highly innervated by the auriculotemporal nerve
A thin ligamentous structure that is reinforced laterally by the temporomandibular ligament
Avascular hyaline cartilage
Vascular, highly innervated fibrocartilage
Fibrous connective tissue innervated by the temporal nerve
Answer: a
Reference: Okeson JP. Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion, 4th ed.,
1998. P 9-11, 13
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72. All of the following statements are correct as related to implant length except:
a. 7mm implants had the greatest failure rate when compared to all implant lengths
b. Implant lengths is defined as the dimension from the top or superior implant thread to the
apex
c. Bone type and cortical bone engagement may be more important than the implant length
Answer: b
Reference: Lee JH, Frias V, Lee KW, Wright RF. Effect of implant size and shape on implant
success rates: a literature review. J Prosthet Dent. 2005;94:377-81
73. In dental photography the depth of field depends on the aperture and the magnification. Which of
the following statements is true?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The smaller the aperture the greater the depth of field

The smaller the aperture number the greater the depth of field
Increased magnification is associated with an increase in the depth of field
Beyond a certain magnification, the depth of field is constant
Answer: a
Reference: Bengel W. Mastering Dental Photography. Quintessence 2002, first edition. P33
74. Which is not an advantage of immediate complete dentures?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The denture acts as a bandage or splint.

Splinting promotes rapid healing and protects the blood clot.
Patients seem to function in speech, deglutition, and mastication much sooner.
Patients are not as reluctant to have diseased teeth removed if they are replaced immediately
Bone is contoured by the immediate dentures and the osteoclastic action may be of lesser
magnitude in unhealed bone
Answer: e
Reference: Heartwell C and Salisbury FW. Immediate complete dentures: An evaluation. J
Prosthet Dent 15:615-624, 1965
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75. One of the treatment goals in placing occlusal restorations should be to produce
posterior occlusion with molar disclusion in eccentric movements (i.e., a buffer space that will
eliminate occlusal interferences and non-axial forces). According to Shillingburg, what is the
minimum recommended buffer space on the non-working side?
a.
b.
c.
d.
0.5 mm
1.0 mm
1.5 mm
2.0 mm
Answer: b
Reference: Shillingburg H, et al. Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics.Quintessence 1997.
3rd ed; P 20
76. Upon completion of the pantographic tracing, a fully adjustable articulator is set and the data
provided becomes the diagnostic information for that patient. According to Clyde Schuyler,
setting the instrument to establish the Occlusal Prescription typically requires reducing the
steepness of the recorded condylar inclination by what amount?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3 degrees.
5 degrees
10 degrees
15 degrees
0 degrees
Answer: b
Reference: Schuyler C. Incomplete citation (title), J Prosthet Dent.1959, 9:3. P376
77. Multiple sclerosis is a complex neurological condition that may affect prosthodontic care. A
diagnostic symptom for multiple sclerosis in people under 40 years of age is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Uncontrollable tongue trust

Nocturnal bruxism
Temporal muscle spasm
Trigeminal neuralgia
Dysphagia
Answer: d
Reference: Fiske Griffiths and Thompson, Dental Update 2002.; 29:273 - 283
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78. The surface of a denture which contacts the supporting soft tissues and has its contours
determined by the impression is called:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The cameo surface

The haversian surface
The meniscal surface
The intaglio surface
The barocline surface
Answer: d
Reference: The Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms, J Prosthet Dent 2005; 94:45
79. A patient presents for full-mouth reconstruction which will require restoration of the occlusal
vertical dimension. Laminate veneers will be placed on teeth #23-26. The positions, angulations,
and shades of #23-26 need not be altered. The cemento-enamel junctions are positioned at the
free gingival margins. What is the desired amount of axial tooth reduction by location?
a. 0.5mm incisal third of facial aspect, 0.5mm cervical third facial aspect, 0.5mm middle
third of facial aspect.
b. 0.3mm incisal third of facial aspect, 0.7mm cervical third facial aspect, 0.1mm middle
c. 0.5mm incisal third of facial aspect, 0.7mm cervical third facial aspect, 0.7mm middle
d. 0.3mm incisal third of facial aspect, 0.5mm cervical third facial aspect, 0.5mm middle
Answer: d
Reference: Ferrari M, et al. Measurement of enamel thickness in relation to reduction for
etched laminate veneers. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1992;12:407-13
80. A patient has undergone a subtotal maxillectomy and has completed a full course post-operative
radiotherapy. To assist in this patients management you should:
1. Perform a thorough oral prophylaxis and treat the patients remaining teeth with an
acidulated fluoride in-office tray application
2. Make alginate impressions of the remaining dentition and fabricate fluoride carriers from
a suitable mouth guard material
3. Prescribe either a 1% NaF or 0.4% Stannous Flouride Gel to be applied in the fluoride
carriers.
4. Plan for careful follow-up and monitoring of the status of the patients dental health.
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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1
2
2, 3
2,3,4
1, 4
Answer: d
Reference: Dreizen SD, Daly TE, Drane JB, Brown LR. Oral complications of cancer
radiotherapy. Postgraduate Medicine 1977;61:85-92
81. According to Demer which of the following is not a contraindication to the use of the RPI system
for extension base RPD applications?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Lack of vestibular depth

Severe soft tissue undercuts
Mesially inclined abutment tooth
Use of an abutment tooth without an antagonist in the opposing arch
Answer: d
Reference: Demer WJ. An analysis of mesial rest-I-bar clasp designs. J Prosthet Dent.
1976;36:243-53
82. Sleep apnea syndrome is a disorder associated with repetitive cessation of breathing during sleep.
What constitutes an apneic episode and how many of these apneic episodes during 7 hours of
nocturnal sleep are required to make the correct diagnosis of sleep apnea?
a. An apneic episode is defined as the cessation of airflow at the mouth and nose for more
than 5 seconds and 15 or more apneic episodes are required to confirm a diagnosis of sleep
apnea
b. An apneic episode is defined as the cessation of airflow at the mouth and nose for more
than 10 seconds and 20 or more apneic episodes are required to confirm a diagnosis of
sleep apnea
c. An apneic episode is defined as the cessation of airflow at the mouth and nose for more
sleep apnea
d. An apneic episode is defined as the cessation of airflow at the mouth and nose for more
sleep apnea
e. An apneic episode is defined as the cessation of airflow at the mouth and nose for more
sleep apnea
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Answer: c
Reference: Meyer JB, Knudson RC: The Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Part I: Diagnosis. J Pros
Dent. 1989;62:675-9
83. Feldspathic dental porcelain consists of two phases. One is the vitreous (or glass) phase, and the
other is the crystalline (or mineral) phase. The crystalline phase is leucite. Increasing the leucite
content will have all of the following effects EXCEPT:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Increase the coefficient of thermal expansion of the porcelain

Increase the strength of the porcelain
Increase the opacity of the porcelain
Increase the firing temperature of the porcelain
Answer: d
Reference: Craig, RG. Restorative Dental Materials, 11th Edition. Elsevier, 2002. P.557
84. Brittleness is a primary disadvantage of which of the following fixed provisional restorative
materials?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Poly(methylmethacrylate)
Poly(ethylmethacrylate)
Poly(vinylethyl methacrylate)
Visible light cured urethane dimethacrylate
Answer: d
Reference: Shillingburg HT, Hobo S, Whitsett LD, Jacobi R, Bracket SE, Fundamentals of
Fixed Prosthodontics, 3rd ed. Chicago; Quintessence, 1997; P227
85. The group of muscles referred to as the muscles of mastication are listed by various authors
and anatomists. The most controversial of the group is the superior head of the lateral pterygoid
muscle. According to Okeson, what is the insertion of the superior head of the lateral pterygoid
muscle?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Neck of the condyle in the pterygoid fovea

The anterior edge of the articular disc
The neck of the condyle and the articular disc
The posterior edge of the articular disc
The superior surface of the coronoid process
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Answer: c
Reference: Okeson JP. Bells Orofacial Pains. The Clinical Management of Orofacial Pain.
Sixth Edition, 2005 Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc. P 333
86. Structures bordering the retromylohyoid fossa include:
a. Mylohyoid muscle, pterygoid raphe, submandibular gland, genioglossus muscle
b. Levator palatini muscle, mylohyoid muscle, superior constrictor muscle, submandibular
gland
c. Buccinator muscle, sublingual gland, genioglossus muscle, pterygoid raphe
d. Sublingual gland, mylohyoid muscle, palatoglossus muscle, superior constrictor muscle
e. Sublingual gland, pterygoid raphe, palatoglossus muscle, superior constrictor muscle
Answer: d
Referece: Zarb GA and Bolender CL. Prosthodontic Treatment for Edentulous Patients:
Complete Dentures and Implant Supported Prosthesis. Mosby 12th ed, 2004, P241
87. Which of the following statements is incorrect as to the use of wide diameter implants?
a. Using wider implants in flared sockets does not improve implant survival prognosis
b. The use of wider diameter implants allows maximum utilization of available bone
improving stress distribution to bone
c. Wide diameter implants can be used instead of bone grafting in excessively resorbed
maxillae
d. Wide diameter implants have greater surface areas than regular diameter implants of
identical length and surface topography
Answer: c
Reference: Lee JH, Frias V, Lee KW, Wright RF. Effect of implant size and shape on implant
success rates: a literature review. J Prosthet Dent. 2005;94:377-81
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88. The anatomy of the hard palate influences the area of support for a maxillary complete denture.
Which one of the following is FALSE?
a. Submucosa of the median palatal suture is very close to the underlying bone and should be
relieved
b. The horizontal hard palate is a primary area of support
c. Rugae contribute significantly to the stress-bearing role
d. Submucosa anterolateral to the median palatal suture contains adipose tissue and is
displaceable
e. Submucosa posterolateral to the median palatal suture contains glandular tissue and is nondisplaceable
Answer: e
Reference: Zarb GA, Bolender CL, Carlson GE. Bouchers Prosthodontic Treatment for
Edentulous Patients. 11th ed. Mosby, Inc. 1997:142
89. When considering a 3-unit all-ceramic posterior fixed partial denture, which of the following is
most important for success?
Connectors at least 9 mm2
>2 mm occlusal reduction
>1.5 mm axial reduction
Using a ceramic core that is not opaque
a.
b.
c.
d.
Answer: a
Reference: Raigrodski AJ.Contemporary materials and technologies for all-ceramic fixed
partial dentures: a review of the literature. J Prosthet Dent. 2004;92:557-62
90. According to Nelson et al., (2007), which of the following is TRUE regarding dental implants used in the
rehabilitation of patients following tumor resection:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Their success rate is higher than in implants placed in healthy individuals

Dental implants are contraindicated in patients with history of tumor resection
Their success rate does not differ from those places in healthy individuals
Their success rate is lower than implants placed in healthy individuals
Answer: d
Reference: Nelson K, Heberer S, Glatzer C. Survival analysis and clinical evaluation of implantretained prostheses in oral cancer resection patients over a mean follow-up period of 10 years. J
Prosthet Dent. 2007 Nov;98(5):405-10.
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91.
When evaluating the positions of maxillary anterior teeth in a complete denture, which of the
following situations best indicates the incisal edges of the teeth are positioned too far
inferiorly (too low)?
a. An f sound is more likely to sound like a v
b. An excess of pink wax (gingiva) is noted above the central incisors when the patient smiles
c. The teeth appear more posterior than the wet-dry line of the lower lip during a labial-dental
sound f
d. When making a lingual-dental sound (th) the tip of the tongue protrudes less than 3 mm.
e. There is 3-4mm of space between the maxillary and mandibular incisors during the
pronunciation of sibilant sounds.
Answer: a
Reference: Zarb GA, Bolender CL. Bouchers Prosthodontic Treatment for Edentulous
Patients.11th Ed. P351-352
92. A lingual bar major connector for a mandibular removable partial denture should be:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Half pear shaped in cross section

Half round in cross section
Flexible for patient comfort
3 mm in height
Positioned <3mm from the gingival margins
Answer: a
Reference: McGivney GP, Carr AB. McCrackens removable partial prosthodontics 10th ed. St
Louis: Mosby. P 38-39
93. Several measures are used to minimize or eliminate screw loosening in implant borne
restorations. These include all of the following except:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Implants placed parallel to the forces of occlusion

Occlusion adjusted to direct forces in the long axes of implants
Antirotational features engaged for single teeth
Components tightened with 10-15 N-cm of torque
Answer: d
Reference: Block MS, Kent JN, Guerra LR: Implants in Dentistry, W. B. Saunders,
Philadelphia, PA, 1997, P 92-93
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94. Traditional polyvinylsiloxane (addition silicone) impression materials are considered
hydrophobic. Considering this statement, which of the following is/are true?
a. When a gypsum mixture is poured into a polyvinylsiloxane impression, low contact angles
are formed.
b. Surfactants are incorporated in polyvinylsiloxanes by manufacturers to make these
impression materials more hydrophilic.
c. Traditional polyvinylsiloxane impression materials are far more hydrophilic than polyether
impression materials.
d. Both a and b are true statements.
e. All of the above (a, b and c) are true statements.
Answer: b
Reference: Johnson G.H. (2002): Impression materials. In: Restorative Dental Materials, 11th
Edition, R.G. Craig & J.M. Powers (editors). St. Louis, MO: Mosby, P365-6
95. The physiologic space which lies between the dorsum of the tongue and the palate is known as:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The freeway space

The space of Donders
The respiratory space
The space of Williams
The fenestrum
Answer: b
Reference: Donders FC. Ueber den Mechanismus des Saugens. Pflugers Archiv fur die
Gesamte Physiologic Des Menchen Und Der Tiere 1875;10:91-94 The Glossary of
Prosthodontic Terms, J Prosthet Dent 2005; 94:72
96. Metal-ceramic restorations are commonly used in prosthodontics. To achieve effective bonding
between metal and ceramic components:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Oxide layers must be thick to add strength

The porcelain must have a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than the corresponding
alloy
Oxide forming elements must be replenished in previously cast gold or palladium-based
alloys
Gold based alloys generally require greater effort to mask the oxide layer than base metals
Answer: c
Reference: Wataha J, Messer R. Casting Alloys. Dental Clinics of North America. 2004. 48:
P499-512
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97. Jerbis classic method for trimming casts in the construction of immediate complete dentures is
called:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Rule of resorption
Rule of thirds
Transitional denture technique
Law of fours
The angular reduction theory
Answer: b
Reference: Jerbi, F.: Trimming the Cast in the Construction of Immediate Dentures. J
Prosthet Dent 1966,16: 1047-1053
98. A material which becomes less viscous upon the repeated application of pressure is said to
undergo shear thinning. Such a material is described as:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Rheopectic
Anisotropic
Thixotropic
Eutectic
Barocentric
Answer: c
Reference: Anusavice KJ. Structure of Matter and Principles of Adhesion. In Phillips
Science of Dental Materials, 11th Edition, KJ Anusavice (editor). St Louis, MO:
Saunders, 2003, P 45
99. Appropriate placement of removable partial denture components is an essential part of RPD
therapy. The posterior border of a maxillary major connector should be positioned:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
At the vibrating line

2mm posterior to the vibrating line
Overlying the fovea palatini
On unyielding areas of the hard palate
No farther distal than the mesial surface of the maxillary first molar
Answer: d
Reference: Brudvik JP, Advanced Removable Partial Dentures, Quintessence 1999, P 25
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100. Which material is commonly added to nickel-based alloys to reduce the liquidus temperature
and facilitate casting of the metal?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Potassium
Indium
Tin
Gallium
Beryllium
Answer: e
Reference: Anusavice KJ and Cascone P. Dental Casting and Soldering Alloys. In Phillips
Science of Dental Materials, 11th Edition, KJ Anusavice (editor). St Louis, MO:
Saunders, 2003, P 604-605
101. Noble metals such as platinum and palladium are commonly added to polyvinyl siloxane
impression materials. These metals serve primarily as:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Retarders
Surface tension reducing agents
Hydrogen scavengers
Opacifying agents
Strengthening agents
Answer: c
Reference: Shen C. Impression Materials. In Phillips Science of Dental Materials, 11th
Edition, KJ Anusavice (editor). St Louis, MO: Saunders, 2003, P 215
102. A patient reports to your office seeking a maxillary removable partial denture. Teeth #6, 7, and
8 are missing. What is the Kennedy classification for this pattern of partial endentulism?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Kennedy Class I
Kennedy Class II
Kennedy Class III
Kennedy Class IV
Answer: c
Reference: Phoenix RD, Cagna DR, and DeFreest CF. Introduction and Classification. In
Stewarts Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics, 3rd Edition, Phoenix RD, Cagna
DR, and DeFreest CF (editors). Chicago, IL: Quintessence International, 2002, P 8
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103. According to the 2006 Academy of Osseointegration Consensus, how does the timing of
Implant placement to extraction affect outcomes?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
No factor proved definitive

Implants placed in healed sites definitely have better success and survival
Degree of bone loss effects implant survival
Prosthesis stability definitely affects implant health.
There was a difference between the success of immediate and early placed implants
Answer: a
Reference: Iacono V, Cochran D. State of the Science on Implant Dentistry. IJOMI, Vol. 22,
2007 Supplement. A Workshop Developed Using an Evidence-Based Approach. P 203220
104. Who provided the eight rules which govern application of the Kennedy classification system
for partially edentulous arches?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Kuebker
DeVan
Applegate
Bailyn
House
Answer: c
Reference: Phoenix RD, Cagna DR, and DeFreest CF. Introduction and Classification. In
Stewarts Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics, 3rd Edition, Phoenix RD, Cagna
DR, and DeFreest CF (editors). Chicago, IL: Quintessence International, 2002, P 10
105. All of the following statements are correct, EXCEPT:

a. The main sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve are the opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular
b. The main branches of the maxillary nerve are the pterygopalatine nerve, the infra-orbital
nerve and the zygomatic nerve
c. The mandibular nerve is a mixed nerve, mainly motor, some sensory functions
d. The chorda tympani nerve has taste fibers and post ganglionic sympathetic secretory fibers
Answer: d
Reference: Sicher Hr. Oral Anatomy, 6th edition, 1975. The Mosby Company, P 20
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106. Which of the following is the most common fixed partial denture complication?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Need for endodontic treatment

Periodontal disease
Loss of retention
Caries
Answer: d
Reference: Goodacre et al: Clinical complication in fixed prosthodontics. J Prosthet Dent
2003;90:31-41
107. When determining whether it is advisable to functionally load an implant immediately after or
within one week of placement, the implant should exhibit an insertion torque of at least 20Ncm
and an Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) of at least:
a.
b.
c.
d.
50
60
75
35
Answer: b
Reference: Schincaglia GP, Marzola R, Scapoli C, Scotti R. Immediate loading of dental
implants supporting fixed partial dentures in the posterior mandible: a randomized
controlled split-mouth study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2007; 22: 35-46
108. The concept of material stress is often considered in material science. Which of the following
statements is true with regard to stress?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Stress is a change in length per unit length of a body subjected to load

Stress is designated as force per unit area
Stress is an internal reaction to an applied or external strain
A common unit of stress is megaNewtons or mN
All of the above statements (a, b, c and d) are true with regard to stress
Answer: b
Reference: Kohn D.H. (2002): Mechanical properties. In: Restorative Dental Materials, 11th
Edition, R.G. Craig & J.M. Powers (editors). St. Louis, MO: Mosby, P 68-71
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109. Potential disadvantages of cone-beam computerized tomography include all of the following
EXCEPT:
a. Limited dynamic range of the x-ray area detectors compared with multi-slice systems
b. Truncated view artifacts noticed as white edges at the border of the field of view
c. Beam hardening artifacts as a result of lower-intensity imaging of the jaw at the posterior
lingual side of the maxilla and mandible
d. Several rotations of the gantry around the patient are needed for image acquisition
e. Radiation scatter
Answer: d
Reference: Loubele M, Guerrero ME, Jacobs R, Suetens P, van Steenberghe D, A
comparison of jaw dimensional and quality assessments of the bone characteristics with
cone-0beam CT, spiral tomography, and multi-slice spiral CT. Int J Oral Maxillofac
Implants. 2007;22:446-54
110. Mulling of citrus fruits can cause erosion on
a.
b.
c.
d.
Mandibular first molars

On maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth, greater than anterior teeth
Lingual surfaces of maxillary anterior teeth
Facial surfaces of maxillary anterior teeth
Answer: b
Reference: Verrett RG. Analyzing the etiology of an extremely worn dentition. J
Prosthodont. 2001 Dec;10(4):224-33.
111. According to Goodacre et al., 1995, all of the following instruments are safe for the preparation
of posts for maxillary central incisors with the Exception of:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Number 2 and 4 round burs

Parapost size 3-5
Gates glidden size 1-5
Peeso reamers size 5-6
Answer: d
Reference: Goodacre, C.J. and Spolnick K.J. The Prosthodontic Management of
Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Literature Review. Part III. Tooth Preparation
Considerations. Journal of Prosthodontics, 1995, 2:122-128.
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112. Dr. ENT referred Mr. Jones a 68 year-old diagnosed with a squamous cell carcinoma of the
gingival tissues adjacent to tooth numbers 13 and 14. CAT scan assessment reveals bone
destruction and extension of this lesion into the floor of the left maxillary sinus. Dr. ENT
medially prescribed the fabrication of a surgical obturator. Which of the following are key
criteria to assess and plan for its fabrication.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The teeth that will remain following tumor resection

The posterior extent of the resection
The amount of remaining hard palate
The occlusal relationship of the remaining teeth
The periodontal health of the dentition.
a.
b.
c.
d.
1, 2,4,5
1,2,3
2,3,4
all of the above
Answer: d
Reference: Desjardins RP. Obturator prosthesis design for acquired maxillary defects. J
Pros Dent 1978;39:424-35
113. What element in cobalt-chromium alloys and nickel-chromium alloys is responsible for
tarnish and corrosion resistance?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Nickel
Aluminum
Beryllium
Silicon
Chromium
Answer: e
Reference: Baran G.R. (2002): Cast and wrought base metal alloys. In: Restorative Dental
Materials, 11th Edition, R.G. Craig & J.M. Powers (editors). St. Louis, MO: Mosby, P 481-2
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response to the question: What is the effect on outcomes of time-to-loading of a fixed or
removable prosthesis placed on implant(s)?
a. Statistical comparisons between immediate loading and delayed loading subgroups were
valid due to the homogeneity of trials within the systematic review.
b. Implant survival was a common outcome and the criteria used to assess survival were
consistent across studies included in the systematic review.
c. Despite a tendency favoring the longest time-to-loading protocols, no generalized clinical
recommendations can be made because potential influencing factors on outcomes were
underrepresented.
d. Immediate loading protocols demonstrate significantly better outcomes than delayed
loading protocols.
e. It is appropriate to represent the pooled outcome of this systematic review as informative to
general clinical applications in implant dentistry.
Answer: c
Reference: Jokstad, A. and Carr, A.B. (2007): What is the effect on outcomes of time-toloading of a fixed or removable prosthesis placed on implant(s). International Journal of
Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 22(suppl.):19-48
115. Dental ceramics are classified according to fusion temperature. What is the primary application
for high-fusing (1315 to 1370C) dental ceramics?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Metalceramic crowns
All ceramic crowns
Denture teeth
Porcelain laminate veneers
High-fusing ceramics have never been used in dentistry
Answer: c
Reference: Denry, I.L. (2002): Ceramics. In: Restorative Dental Materials, 11th Edition,
R.G. Craig & J.M. Powers (editors). St. Louis, MO: Mosby, P552-3
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response to the question: In patients requiring single-tooth replacement, what are the outcomes
of implant- as compared to tooth-supported restorations? (Please provide the most appropriate
answer):
a. At the time of the review, no studies directly comparing tooth-supported fixed partial and
implant-supported crowns were available.
b. At 60 months, the pooled success rate of implant-supported crowns and conventional
(tooth-supported) fixed partial dentures is statistically equal.
c. At 60 months, the pooled success rate of implant-supported crowns and resin-bonded
(tooth-supported) fixed partial dentures is statistically equal.
d. Only a and b are correct.
e. Only a and c are correct.
Answer: d
Reference: Salinas, T.J. and Eckert, S.E. (2007): In patients requiring single-tooth
replacement, what are the outcomes of implant- as compared to tooth-supported
restorations? International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 22(suppl.):71-95
PICO questions using a systematic review approach. What consensus findings were reported
in response to the question: Does the type of implant prosthesis affect outcomes in the
partially edentulous patient? (Please provide the most appropriate answer):
a. Cement retained fixed prostheses were found to have statistically significantly higher
implant success and survival rates compared to screw retained prostheses
b. Implant support fixed partial dentures were found to have statistically significantly higher
implant success rates compared to implant-tooth supported fixed partial dentures
c. Implant support fixed partial dentures were found to have statistically significantly higher
prosthesis success rates compared to implant-tooth supported fixed partial dentures
d. The type of implant abutment used had a substantial affect on implant success, implant
survival and prosthesis survival for all restorations studied
e. The studies included in this systematic review provided insufficient information to ascertain
the impact of restorative material on implant survival or success
Answer: e
Reference: Weber, H-.P. and Sukotjo, C. (2007): Does the type of implant prosthesis affect
outcomes in the partially edentulous patient? International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial
Implants 22(suppl.):140-172
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118. A lever consists of a rigid bar, a fulcrum, an object to be moved (resistance), and an applied
force (power). Consider a situation in which the fulcrum is located at one end of the bar, the
resistance is located centrally, and the power is applied at the opposite end of the bar. This
describes:
a.
b.
c.
d.
A first-class lever
A second-class lever
A third-class lever
A fourth-class lever
Answer: b
Reference: Phoenix RD, Cagna DR, and DeFreest CF. Mechanical Principles Associated
with Removable Partial Dentures. In Stewarts Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics,
3rd Edition, Phoenix RD, Cagna DR, and DeFreest CF (editors). Chicago, IL: Quintessence
International, 2002, P 107-108
119. Anterior deprogramming devices are available in many forms. The leaf gauge is one such
device. The person credited with introduction of the leaf gauge is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Huffman
Stuart
Long
Dawson
McHorris
Answer: c
Reference: Long JH. Locating centric relation with a leaf gauge. J Prosthet Dent
1973;29:608-610
120. A Swing-Lock removable partial denture displays a hinged buccal or labial bar attached to a
conventional major connector. The Swing-Lock concept was introduced by:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Stewart
Kennedy
Simonsen
Murchison
Simmons
Answer: e
Reference: Simmons JJ. Swinglock stabilization and retention. Texas Dent J 1963;81:10-12
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121. Which of the following grafts are used to restore continuity to the mandible following
composite resection,
1.
2.
3.
4.
Vascularized Fibula Free Flap

Vascularized Radial Forearm Free Flap
Vascularized Iliac Crest Free Flap
Block Iliac Crest Graft
a. 1,2,3
b. 3,4
c. 1,2, 3
d. All of the above
Answer: d
Reference: Codiero PG, Disa JJ, Hidalgo DA, Hu QY. Reconstruction of the mandible with
osseous free flaps: a 10-year experience with 150 consecutive patients. Plast Rconstr Surg
1999;104:1314-20
122. Availability of space is a key factor in whether a lingual bar major connector may be used in
removable partial denture therapy. To accommodate a lingual bar, at least _______________ of
vertical space must be present between the gingival margins and the active
floor
of
the
mouth.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3mm
4mm
5mm
6mm
8mm
Answer: e
Reference: Phoenix RD, Cagna DR, and DeFreest CF. Major Connectors, Minor
Connectors, Rests and Rest Seats. In Stewarts Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics,
3rd Edition, Phoenix RD, Cagna DR, and DeFreest CF (editors). Chicago, IL: Quintessence
International, 2002, P 33
123. Eccles and Jenkins classification is pertaining to:

a.
b.
c.
d.
Grading of amount and type of resorption of the residual alveolar ridge

Grading of erosion
Grading of attrition
Grading tissue quality at the residual alveolar ridge
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Answer: b
Reference: Eccles JD, Jenkins WG. Dental erosion and diet. J Dent. 1974;2:153-9
124. Tongue position is believed to exert a significant effect on the stability of conventional
mandibular complete dentures. Which author is most commonly associated with tongue posture
and its relationship to mandibular complete denture stability?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Lauritzen
Frush
Neil
Stone
Wright
Answer: e
Reference: Wright CR. Mandibular Denture Stability. Ann Arbor, MI: The Overbeck Co,
1961, P1-55
125. Dentogenics refers to a school of thought for the creation lifelike removable prostheses. The
accompanying theories are based upon three factors. They are:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Pitch, proportion, and number

Number, position, and color
Sex, personality, and age
Color, contour, and cusp angulation,
Position, proportion, and brightness
Answer: c
Reference: Frush JP and Fisher RD. Dentogenics: Its practical application. J Prosthet Dent
1959;9:914-921
126. When a panoramic radiograph is taken with the patient correctly positioned, the average
magnification is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
15% to 20% in the vertical dimension.

25% to 30% in the vertical dimension
15% to 20% in the horizontal dimension
there is no magnification
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Answer: a
Reference: Serman N, Horrel BM, Singer S. High-quality panoramic radiographs. Tips and
tricks. Dent Today. 2003;22:70-3
127. Which of the following is not an absolute contraindication to implant placement:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Bruxism
Intravenous biphosphonate therapy
Presenile dementia
An absolute neutrophil count level less than 1000 cells/mm3
Answer: a
Reference: Carl E. Misch, Dental Implant Prosthetics. 2005. P 92
Hwang D, Wang HL. Medical contraindications to implant therapy: part 1: absolute
contraindications. Implant Dent. 2006;15:353-60
128. When casting a gold alloy crown, the portion of the flame used to heat the metal is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
The mixing zone.

The combustion zone.
The reducing zone.
The oxidizing zone.
Answer: c
Reference: Shillingburg, Jr HT, Hobo S, Whitsett LD, Jacobi R, Bracket SE, Fundamentals
of Fixed Prosthodontics, 3rd ed. Chicago; Quintessence, 1997; P 373
129. Hanaus Quint may be expressed as a mathematical formula which permits the user to assess
the interrelationships of its components. This mathematical expression is known as:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Christensens formula
Hanaus law
Thielemanns formula
Beams law
Beresins formula
Answer: c
Reference: Thielemann K. Biomechani der Parendentose, Berlin, Hermann Meusser Verlag,

1938, P 24
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130. Which of the following factors was NOT associated with an increased risk of implant failure,
as described in a recent article by Moy (IJOMI, 2005)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Increasing age
Gender
Smoking
Diabetes
Head & neck radiation
Answer: b
Reference: Moy PK, Medina D, Shetty V, Aghaloo TL. Dental implant failure rates and
associated risk factors. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2005;20:569-77
131. Complete dentures may be cleaned using a variety of commercially-available chemical
cleansers. When mixed with water, effervescing cleansers release oxygen which breaks down,
dissolves, and floats away organic deposits. These oxygenating cleansers are based upon the
decomposition of:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Sodium citrate
Sodium perborate
Benzoyl peroxide
Titanium dioxide
Hydroquinone
Answer: b
Reference: Diwan RR. Materials Prescribed in the Management of Edentulous Patient. In
Prosthodontic Treatment for Edentulous Patients, 12th Edition, Zarb GA and Bolender CL
(editors). St Louis, MO: Mosby, 2004, P204
132. The RPI concept for removable partial denture clasping was introduced by:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Stewart
Kratochvil
Krol
Kuebker
Applegate
Answer: c
Reference: Krol AJ. Clasp design for extension-base removable partial dentures. J Prosthet
Dent 1973;29:408-415
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133. Posselts Envelope of Motion is:

a.
b.
c.
d.
A two-dimensional representation of mandibular motion in the horizontal plane

A two-dimensional representation of mandibular motion in the sagittal plane
A two-dimensional representation of mandibular motion in the frontal plane
A three-dimensional representation of mandibular motion in the horizontal, sagittal, and
frontal planes
Answer: d
Reference: Okeson JP. Mechanics of Mandibular Movement. In Management of
Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion, 5th Edition, Okeson JP. St Louis, MO:
Mosby, 2003, P 106-107
134. According to Okeson, which factor appears to have the greatest influence upon nocturnal
bruxism/nocturnal muscle activity?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Malocclusion
Stress
Resting muscle length
Frankfort mandibular angle
Incisor length
Answer: b
Reference: Okeson JP. Mechanics of Mandibular Movement. In Management of
Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion, 5th Edition, Okeson JP. St Louis, MO:
Mosby, 2003, P 106-107
135. Which of the following best describes the location of the neurovascular bundle from the
mandibular foramen to the mental foramen?
a.
b.
c.
d.
It is nearly always in close proximity to the lingual mandibular cortex

It is frequently within 3 mm to the buccal mandibular cortex
It is located 2-3 mm from the inferior border of the mandible
There is great variation in the bucco-lingual location of the neurovascular bundle
Answer: a
Reference: Carvalho CD et al: Implants for single first molar replacement. Implant Dent
2004:13;328-35
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136. The ADA Specification No. 8 covers the following dental cements.
a.
b.
c.
d.
zinc phosphate
glass ionomer
resin cement
all dental cements
Answer: a
Reference: Anusavice K., Phillips Science of Dental Materials, 10th Edition,
Saunders, 1996, Chap 25, p555
137. According to Tarnow et al. (2003), in the majority of cases, what approximate soft tissue papilla
height can be expected to form over the crest of bone between two adjacent implants?
a.
b.
c.
d.
1mm
3mm
5mm
7mm
Answer: b
Reference: Tarnow D et al. Vertical distance from the crest of bone to the height of the
interproximal papilla between adjacent implants. J Periodontol 2003; 74:1785 8
138. An implant to replace a missing #19 has been treatment planned for one of your patients. You
noted in your examination that the #19 residual ridge area has a Lekholm-Zarb Classification
B ridge defect. What kind of radiographic imaging technique would be most diagnostic in
determining if an implant can be placed in the proper location and a likely probability of
achieving primary stability without prior site preparation?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Conventional Tomogram
Cone-Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT)
Digital Panoramic Radiograph
Three Periapical Radiographs at different horizontal angulations
Answer: b
Reference: Guerrero ME, Jacobs R, Loubele M, Schutyser F, Suetens P, van Steenberghe D.
State-of-the-art on cone beam CT imaging for preoperative planning of implant placement.
Clin Oral Investig. 2006;10:1-7
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139. The term arcon is a contraction of the words articulator and condyle, and is used to
describe a distinct class of articulators. By definition, an arcon articulator displays the
following characteristics:
a. The fossa assemblies are attached to the maxillary member, while the condylar analogs are
attached to the mandibular member
b. The fossa assemblies are attached to the mandibular member, while the condylar analogs
are attached to the maxillary member
c. The fossa assemblies are linear, while the condylar analogs are spherical
d. The fossa assemblies are gently curved, while the condylar analogs are spherical
e. The condylar path elements and condylar elements cannot be detached
Answer: a
140. What types of microorganisms are present the most in periimplantitis?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Gram positive aerobics

Gram negative aerobics
Gram negative anaerobic and facultative
Gram positive anaerobes
Answer: c
Reference: Mombelli A, et al. The microbiota associated with successful or failing of
osseointegrated Ti implants. Oral Microbiology Immunol 2: 145, 1987.
Becker W, et al. Clinical and microbiologic findings that may contribute to dental
implant failure. Int. Journal of Maxillofacial Implants.5: 31-38. 1990.
141. As of 2006, a full scan of maxilla and mandible with cone-beam tomography (30-100
microsieverts) generates an effective radiation dose ____________ that of a conventional
analog panoramic radiograph (75 kV, 8 mA, and 15 seconds)
a. Greater than
b. Less than
c. Similar to
Answer: a
Reference: Ludlow JB, Davies-Ludlow LE, Brooks SL, Howerton WB. Dosimetry of 3
CBCT devices for oral and maxillofacial radiology: CB Mercuray, NewTom 3G and iCAT. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2006;35:219-26
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142. Intraoral carcinoma is most commonly located on/in which structure:

a. Floor of the mouth
b. Lateral or ventral tongue
c. Soft palate
d. Buccal mucosa
Answer: b
Reference: Neville et al. Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, W.B.
Saunders Co. P361
143. Hanaus Quint consists of five components which are commonly used in the creation of
balanced articulations. Components of Hanaus Quint include all of the following except:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Condylar inclination
Cusp height
Incisal inclination
lateral translation
Occlusal plane orientation
Answer: d
Reference: Hanau R. Articulation defined, analyzed, and formulated. J Am Dent Assoc
1926;13:1694-1709
144. Benzoyl peroxide is commonly used in denture base resins. What is the primary purpose of
benzoyl peroxide denture base resins?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Activator
Initiator
Crosslinking agent
Scavenger
Inhibitor
Answer: b
Reference: Phoenix RD. Denture Base Resins. In Phillips Science of Dental Materials,
11th Edition, KJ Anusavice (editor). St Louis, MO: Saunders, 2003, p 731
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145. In order to minimize the loss of vertical crestal bone between implants, what is the minimum
distance apart the implants should be placed?
a.
b.
c.
d.
1 mm
2 mm
3 mm
4 mm
Answer: c
Reference: Salama H, Salama MA, Garber D, Adar P. The interproximal height of bone:
A guide-post to predictable aesthetic strategies and soft tissue contours in anterior
tooth replacement. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent 1998; 10:1131-1141
146. Hydroquinone is commonly added to the liquid component of denture base resins. What is the
primary purpose of hydroquinone in such liquids?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Activator
Initiator
Crosslinking agent
Scavenger
Inhibitor
Answer: e
Reference: Phoenix RD. Denture Base Resins. In Phillips Science of Dental Materials,
11th Edition, KJ Anusavice (editor). St Louis, MO: Saunders, 2003, P 723
147. What is the active ingredient in most toothpastes marketed in the United States for desensitizing
teeth?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Ferric oxalate
Potassium nitrate
Strontium chloride
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate
Answer: b
Reference: Jacobsen PL, Bruce G. Clinical dentin hypersensitivity: understanding the
causes and prescribing a treatment. J Contemp Dent Pract 2001 Feb 15; 2:1-12
Tel: 312.573.1260
Fax: 312.573.1257



148. What is the observed volumetric shrinkage of heat-activated denture base resin upon
polymerization?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
25%
21%
10%
7%
<1%
Answer: d
Reference: Phoenix R.D. (2003): Denture base resins. In: Phillips Science of Dental
Materials, 11th Edition, K.J. Anusavice (editor). St. Louis, MO: Saunders, P 739-40
149. Campers plane is commonly used as a guide to the antero-posterior inclination of the occlusal
plane when establishing jaw relation records for edentulous patients. The landmarks used to
develop Campers plane are:
a. The inferior border of the right or left ala of the nose and the superior border of the tragus of
the ears.
b. The inferior border of the right or left ala of the nose and the most posterior point of the
tragus of the ears.
c. The inferior border of the right or left ala of the nose and the inferior border of the tragus of
the ears.
d. The superior border of the right or left ala of the nose and the superior border of the tragus
of the ears.
Answer: a
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Fax: 312.573.1257



questions using a systematic review approach. What consensus findings were reported in response to
the question: Which hard tissue augmentation techniques are the most successful in furnishing bony
support for implant placement? (Please provide the most appropriate answer):
a. The maxillary sinus augmentation procedures and associated implant placements have
been well documented with reasonable long-term follow-up data
b. Detailed documentation and long-term follow-up data are not available for alveolar ridge
augmentation procedures and associated with implant placements
c. Five year success rates for implants placed in areas of sinus augmentations compare
favorably with implants placed conventionally in the absence of sinus grafts.
d. Only a and c are correct
e. All of the above (a, b and c) are correct
Answer: e
Reference: Aghaloo T.L. and Moy, P.K. (2007): Which hard tissue augmentation
techniques are the most successful in furnishing bony support for implant placement?
International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 22(suppl.):49-70
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Fax: 312.573.1257



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THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PROSTHODONTISTS

Implant, Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry

American College of Prosthodontists

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THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PROSTHODONTISTS

Stabilizes the beta phase of the alloy

Fabricate custom incisal tables

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THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PROSTHODONTISTS

Slightly greater than the matched porcelain

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THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PROSTHODONTISTS

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THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PROSTHODONTISTS

Submerge and soak the impression in a 2% glutaraldehyde solution

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THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PROSTHODONTISTS

13. The primary mode of failure in all-ceramic crowns is

Bone loss from the anterior portion of the maxillary ridge

Placing proximal groves or boxes maintaining the 20 of total occlusal convergence

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THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PROSTHODONTISTS

Allows for a paperless office

Type of graft material used

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THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PROSTHODONTISTS

The source-to-tooth distance should be as short as is practical.

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THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PROSTHODONTISTS

Exhibit a blue-white color when viewed under ultraviolet light

The height/base ratio of the preparation

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Anteroposterior relationship of maxilla and mandible to cranial base

Salivary > Mesenchymal > Epidermoid > Metastatic

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THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PROSTHODONTISTS

A Mann Whitney test

Prospective study in sequential cases

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Chicago, Illinois 60611-2688

THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PROSTHODONTISTS

Decreased total absorbed radiation

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Chicago, Illinois 60611-2688

THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PROSTHODONTISTS

Chicago, Illinois 60611-2688

THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PROSTHODONTISTS

Nitrous oxide and oxygen

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Chicago, Illinois 60611-2688

THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PROSTHODONTISTS

Inner enamel epithelial cells

Chicago, Illinois 60611-2688