The Potential of Functional Drinks from Gambir

(Uncaria gambier Roxb) as Commercial Products

Presented in The 2nd Asia Food and Beverage Summit 2016

in Jakarta

Rindit Pambayun
Professor of Food Science and Technology Sriwijaya University
President of Indonesian Association of Food Technologists

Synthetic Antioxidants and other

Food Preservatives
Synthetic
Antioxidant &
Preservatives

Research about natural

Antioxidant for The Food
Industry increase

Food Industries

Sometimes give
problem with
the Food Safety

Propyl Gallate

butylated hydroxytoluene

butylated hydroxyanisole

tert-Butylhydroquinone

Prof. Dr. Ir. Rindit Pambayun, M.P.

Natural
Antioxidant

PLANT INVESTIGATION FOR CATECHIN

PRODUCTS
STRAWBERRY
CACAO
MOST OF PLANTS
CONTAINS CATECHIN,
BUT AS RESOURSE WE
HAVE TO DO THE
RESEARCH?

TEA
GAMBIER

Prof. Dr. Ir. Rindit Pambayun, M.P.

Prof. Dr. Ir. Rindit Pambayun, M.P.

CUTTING
BOILLING
A Shoot Leaf

MILLING

FORMING

PRESSING

CUTTING

SETTLING

DRYING

SEPARATION

DRIED
PRODUCT

1899-1900
(Ardiyanto Galery, 2008)

1999-2000
Pambayun et al, 2000)

PRODUCT OF GAMBIER
(GAMBIER EXTRACT)

PROCESS

PLANT

PRODUCT

R1

Molecules

OH
H
O

HO

OH

R3

R2

OH

OH
O

G=

OH

CH2
OH

R1

R2

R3

Catechin

OH

Catechin Gallate

OG

Galo Catechin

OH

OH

Galo Catechin Gallate

OG

OG

Epikatekin

OH

Epikatekin galat

OG

Epigalo katekin

OH

OH

Epigalokatekin galat

OH

OG

Prof. Dr. Ir. Rindit Pambayun, M.P.

12

HPLC ANALYSES

Profile of catechin on HPLC analyses from gambier extract (Peak No 11 and 12) is
catechin.

 Pambayun et al, 2007a and

Pambayun et al, 2007b, gambier
contains (+)-Catechin
Taniguchi et al, 2007. Gambier
contains gambirin, dimer of
catechin
Prof. Dr. Ir. Rindit Pambayun, M.P.

14

Antioxidant of Gambier Extract

96
95
94

DPPH (%)

93
92
91
90
89
88
87
MetOH

EtOH

EtCOOH

BHT

Solvents

The Extract of gambier leaves has high potency as antioxidant, even

compare to buthylated hydroxy toluen (BHT) (Pambayun, et al, 2011)

(Penurunan DPPH (%)

105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60

A
B
C
D
E

10

15

20

25

30

Waktu Inkubasi (menit)

Antioxidant characteristic of gambier extract expressed by decreasing of

DPPH (%) with incubation time 30 minutes use interval 5 minutes [A=Aquades
and ethanol (1:1), B=Ethanol and Ethyl Acetate (1:1), C= Ethyl Acetate, D=
Rutin, and E-BHT]

(+)-Catechin Gambier as An Antibacteria of

Gram-positip (Pambayun et al, 2007)
Inhibit Streptococcus
mutans, Staphylococcus
aureus, and Baacillus
subtillis see clear zone but
not inhibit Gram negatip
like E. coli

ANTIBACTERIA

Scientific Explanation
Based on the DATA,
catechin inhibit Grampositive bacteria
Streptococcus mutans

Streptococcus mutans inoculum

Gram-positive
bacteria
introducted with
gambir extracts

OD

Gambier Extract

1,2000
1,0000
0,8000
0,6000
0,4000
0,2000
0,0000

S. mutans
S. aureus
B. subtilis

10

15

waktu (jam)

The respon of a) Streptococcus mutans, b) Staphylococcus aureus, and c) Bacillus

subtilis on MgSO4 (give at 8th hour) grown in Nutrient Broth, after introduced by 6
% catechin at 10th hour.

Absorbansi

Catechin
0,200
0,180
0,160
0,140
0,120
0,100
0,080
0,060
0,040
0,020
0,000

SA
SM
BS

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Waktu (jam)

The growth of a) Streptococcus mutans, b) Staphylococcus aureus, and c)

Bacillus subtilis on Nutrient Broth, incubation at 37 C sfor 24 hours after
introduced with catechin in the second day.

Sinergy between epigalo catechin gallate with catechin of gambier

Stadium General of green Tea

Gambier in Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia, October 28, 2011

1. Functional Drink of

Effervescent
Tablet from
gambier Extract
2. Antioxidant
Characteristics and
Functional Uses

Good therapy for avoiding

plaque and Caries?
Chewing betle
leaves and gambir
showed that the
teeth avoid from
plaque and caries

How it can
be ?
Chewing Betle,Travel3sixty, 2011

Plaque and Caries Formation on Teeth

sugar
residue
Decalsify
(caries)

lactic acid
glucosiltransferase

Streptococcus mutans
unsoluble glucan
(plaque)

PHENOLIC TOTAL
500,00
450,00
400,00

369,12
354,55

350,00
300,00

438,89

436,02

384,7054264
351,22
326,64

300,21

A1

250,00
200,00

A2
A3

165,33

150,00
100,00
50,00
0,00

B1

B2

B3

Antibacteria Activity
24,00

23,67

23,00
22,17

22,00

21,67

21,67
21,33

21,00

21,00

20,83
20,33

20,17

20,00
19,00
18,00

B1

B2

B3

A1
A2
A3

Antiplaque Testingin Junior High School

Prof. Dr. Ir. Rindit Pambayun, M.P.

31

Mean of dental plaque index

Group

Plaque Index before

Plaque Index before

2,75 + 0,144

1,55 + 0,16

2,70 + 0,687

1,89 + 0,53

2,54 + 0,12

2,17 + 1,9

2,81 + 2,17

2,79 + 2,77

2,16 + 0,30

2,41 + 0,34

Explanation:
Group A : Chewing 5% extract-gambir-containing candy
Group B : Chewing 7,5% extract-gambir-containing candy
Group C : Chewing 10% extract-gambir-containing candy
Group D : No chewing candy
Group E : Chewing sucrose-containing candy

The average number of bacteria colonies in

saliva before and after chewing candy
Grou

The number of Bacteria Colony

(before)

The number of Bacteria

Colony (after)

4155 x 103

4122 x 103

3845 x 103

2660 x 103

5740 x 103

2566 x 103

3646 x 103

4515 x 103

3990 x 103

5902 x 103

Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Group E

: Chewing 5% extract-gambir-containing candy

: Chewing 7,5% extract-gambir-containing candy
: Chewing 10% extract-gambir-containing candy
: No chewing candy
: Chewing sucrose-containing ca

Conclusion
1. Gambier extract can be use for functional drink
suplemented by green tea
2. The extract-gambier-containing candy has antioxidant and
antimicrobial characteristics
3. From the organoleptic test, the candy can be accepted by
panelists
4. Consumption of extract-gambier-containing candy
influences the decrease of dental plaque formation
(p<0,00.05
5. Consumption ofextract-gambier-containing candy
influences the decrease of bacterial colonies but statistically
not significant(p>0.05