Tutorial - Induction Motors

Problem 1
The power input to a 380 volt, 50 Hz, 6 pole, 3-phase induction motor running at 735
rpm is 50 kW at 0,85 power factor lag. Stator losses are 1,2 kW, the friction and
windage losses are 2,5 kW. Calculate :
a). the slip
b). the rotor copper loss
c). the brake hp
d) efficiency
e) input current
f) draw its power flow
Solution
f = 50 Hz, P = 8, nr = 735 rpm
Pin = 50 kW, Pcus = 1.2 kW, Pag = 2.5 kW, pf = cos = 0.85
a) Synchronous speed
ns = 120 f / P = 120x50/8 = 750 rpm
slip

n s nr
ns

s=

750 735
= 0.02 or 2 %
750

b) Rotor input = air-gap power

PAG = Pin Pcus
= 50 1.2 = 48.8 kW
PAG : Pdev : Pcur = 1 : (1-s) : s
or

PAG : Pcur = 1 : s
Pcur = s PAG = 0.02 x 48.8 = 0.976 kW

c)

Pdev = PAG - Pcur = 48.8 0.976 = 47.824 kW

Pout = Pdev Pag = PAG - Pcur Pag = 47.824 2.5 = 45.324 kW
BHP = Pout (kW) / 0.746 = 45.324 / 0.746 = 60.75 hp ~ 61 hp

d) Efficiency

e). Pin =

Pout
= 45.324 / 50 = 0.91 or 91%
Pin

3 .V.I cos

Pin
3V cos

50000
3 x380 x 0.85

= 89.4 A

f) Power flow

Problem 2

A 25-hp, 4-pole, 50 Hz, 3-phase induction motor has friction and windage losses of
2,5 % of the output. S The full-load slip is 4 %. Compute for full-load :
a. the rotor copper loss
b. the rotor input
c. the output torque
d induction torque
e. input power
f. efficiency
g. draw its power flow
Solution

Pout = 35 hp = 35 x 746 = 26,110 W

Pag = 2.5 % Pout = 0.025 x 26110 = 652.75 W
s = 4 % = 0.04
a)

Pdev = Pout + Pag = 26110 + 652.75 = 26762.75 W

PAG : Pdev : Pcur = 1 : (1-s) : s

or

Pdev : Pcur = (1-s) : s

Pcur

s
0.04
Pdev =
x 26762.75 = 1115.1 W
1 s
1 0.04

b) Rotor input = PAG = Pcur / s = 1115.1 / 0.04 = 27877.85 W

Remember PAG : Pcur = 1 : s
c) Synchronous speed
ns = 120 f / P = 120x50/4 = 1500 rpm = 25 rps
Rotor speed

nr = (1 s) ns = (1 0.04) x 1500 = 1440 rpm = 24 rps

Output torque = load torque
TL

Pout (W )
26110
=
= 173.24 N-m
2 .nr (rps )
2x 24

d) Induction torque
Tind

Pdev (W )
26762.75
=
= 177.6 N-m
2 .nr (rps )
2 (24)

e) Input power = PAG + Pstator losses = 27877.85 + 650 = 28527.85 W

f) Efficiency

Pout
= 26110 / 28527.85 = 0.915 or 91.5 %
Pin

g) Power flow

Problem 3

The power input to the rotor of a 440 V, 50 Hz, 6-pole, 3 phase induction motor is 22
kW, The slip is 4 %, calculate :
a). the frequency of rotor currents
b). rotor speed
c). rotor copper losses
d). mechanical power developed
e). the rotor resistance per phase if rotor current is 65 A

Solution
V = 400 V, f = 50 Hz, P = 6, s = 4 % = 0.04
P input rotor = PAG = 22 kW
a) Frequency of rotor current
fr = s f = 0.04 x 50 = 2 Hz
b) Synchronous speed
ns = 120 f / P = 120x50/6 = 1000 rpm
Rotor speed
nr = (1 s) ns = (1 0.04) x 1000 = 960 rpm
c) Rotor cu loss

Pcur = s PAG

Pcur = 0.04 x 20 = 0.8 kW = 800 W

d) Pdev = (1-s) PAG = (1 0.04) x 20 = 19.2 kW = 19200 W
or Pdev = PAG Pcur = 20 0.8 = 19.2 kW = 19200 W
e) Let R2 be the rotor resistance per phase, then
3 I22.R2 = Pcur = 800
3 (65)2 R2 = 800
R2 = 800 / (3 x 652) = 0.63

Problem 4

A 460 V, 25 hp, 60 Hz, four pole, Y-connected induction motor has the following
impedances in ohms per phase referred to the stator circuit:
R1 = 0.641

R2 = 0.332

X1 = 1.106

X2 = 0.464

XM = 26.3

The total rational losses are 1100 W and are assumed to be constant. The core loss is
lumped in with the rotational losses. For a rotor slip of 2.2 percent at the rated voltage
and rated frequency, find the motors
a. Speed
b. Stator current
c.
d.
e.
f.
Solution

Power factor
Pconv and Pout
Tind and Tload
Efficiency

The per-phase equivalent circuit of this motor is shown in Figure 4a and the powerflow diagram is shown in Figure 4b.

Figure 4a

Figure 4b

Since the core losses are lumped together with the friction and windage losses and the
stray losses, they will be treated like the mechanical losses and be substracted after
Pconv in the power-flow diagram.
a). The synchronous speed is
ns = 120f/p = 120x60/4 = 1800 rpm
or
s = 1800 x 2 / 60 = 188.5 rad/s
The rotors mechanical shaft speed is
nr = (1 s) ns
= (1 0.022) x 1800 = 1760 rpm
or
r = 1760 x 2 / 60 = 184.4 rad/s
b). To find the stator current, get the equivalent impedance of the circuit. The first
step is to combine the referred rotor impedance in parallel with the magnetization
branch, and then to add the stator impedance to that combination in series.
The referred rotor impedance is
Z2 = (R2/s) + jX2
= (0.332/0.022) + j0.464
= 15.09 + j0.464 = 15.10 1.76o
The combined magnetization plus rotor impedance is given by
Zf

1
1 / jX M 1 / Z 2

Zf

1
j 0.038 0.0662 1.76 o

Zf

1
12.9431.1o
o
0.0773 31.1

Therefore, the total impedance is

Ztot = Zstat + Zf
= 0.641 + j1.106 + 12.94 31.1o
= 11.72 + j7.79 = 14.07 33.6o
The resulting stator current is
I1 = Vp / Ztot
=

2660 o
18.88 33.6 o A
o
14.0733.6

c). The motor power factor is

PF = cos 33.6o = 0.833 lagging
d). The input power to this motor is
Pin 3VT I L cos

Pin =

3 (460V)(18.88A)(0.833) = 12,530 W

The stator copper losses in this machine is

PSCL = 3 I12.R1
= 3 (18.88A)2(0.641 ) = 685 W
The air-gap power is given by
PAG = Pin PSCL
= 12,530 W 685 W = 11,845 W
Therefore, the power converted is
Pconv = (1 s) PAG
= (1 0.022) (11,845W) 11,585 W
The power Pout is given by
Pout = Pconv Prot
= 11,585 W 1100 W = 10,585 W
or, in horse power
Pout = (10,585 W) x 1hp/746 W = 14.1 hp