Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
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The Internet:
Problems, Issues, and Limitations
Lecture Outline
Architectural Origins of the Internet
Evolution of Internet Size, User Needs and Requirements
Limitations of the Current Internet in detail
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Leonard Kleinrock: "We set up a telephone connection between us and the guys at
SRI...We typed the L and we asked on the phone,
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Architectural
Origins of the Internet
With TCP/IP the role of the network is
reduced to the minimum, pushing all
the intelligence to end hosts
TCP/IP became the glue for unifying
heterogeneous networks
Successful due to the underlying
hourglass model where the networking
layer forms the thin waist of the
hourglass
Transparency
Simplicity
Image src: http://derivadow.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/hourglass.jpg
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2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Increase
2010-5
12,355
17,467
23,618
31,318
40,842
53,282
34%
174
399
858
1,654
2,930
4,931
95%
4,968
6,017
7,277
8,867
11,040
13,797
23%
Internet video
4,672
8,079
12,146
17,583
24,357
33,620
48%
2,393
3,113
4,146
5,325
6,769
8,592
29%
308
442
659
905
1,251
1,736
41%
49
68
95
133
187
290
43%
138
147
153
157
160
168
4%
11
132%
Video calling
Online gaming
Voice over IP (VoIP)
Other
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Handoff delays
Tunneling confuses certain applications
Small factor wireless devices, like sensors, cannot easily run the (whole)
TCP/IP stack
Image src:http://cdn.ttgtmedia.com/digitalguide/images/Misc/mobile-ip-ch10-1.gif
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Efficiency (overhead)
Delay
Complexity
Heterogeneity
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Routing Scalability
Border Gateway Protocol
(BGP) is also hitting its
performance limits
Requires address
aggregation to work
efficiently which is
problematic due to Mobility
and Multihoming trends
Has exponential
communication cost
Instability
Churn
Convergence Problems
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Content Distribution
Bandwidth demanding applications have emerged
Eg. IPTV, 3DTV, Telepresence
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Quality of Service
QoS configuration, policy setup, billing and inter-provider
setups, is still an open issue in current Internet
The current Internet architecture does not provide the right
incentives for network operators to invest in QoS mechanisms
because:
(a) the endusers cannot easily track the source of service degradation
(b) the current routing protocols are QoS-unaware
(c) the charging and negotiation problems between providers render the
provision of end-to-end QoS guarantees extremely difficult
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Congestion Control
End Host to End Host communication model
Congestion control left to end-hosts
Simpler network but more complexity at the edges
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Mark Handley: Why the Internet only just works, BT Technology Journal, Vol. 24,
No. 3, July 2006.
D.D. Clark, J. Wroclawski, K. R. Sollins, and R. Braden, Tussle in Cyberspace:
Defining Tomorrow's Internet, ACM SIGCOMM 2002.
D. Papadimitriou (Ed.), M. Welzl, M. Scharf, B. Briscoe, Open Research Issues in
Internet Congestion Control, RFC 6077, February 2011.
European Community Future Internet Architecture (FIArch) Experts Group,
Fundamental Limitations of current Internet and the path to Future Internet,
March 2011. Available online at:
http://www.futureinternet.eu/uploads/media/FIArch_Current_Internet_Limitati
ons_March_2011__FINAL_.pdf
BGP Table Data, http://bgp.potaroo.net/
D. Krioukov, KC Claffy, K. Fall, and A. Brady, On Compact Routing for the
Internet, ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, vol. 37, no. 3, pp.
41-52, July 2007.
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