S21A

S21A
(May
(cont)
2011)

Requirements
concerning
STRENGTH OF SHIPS
S21A
Evaluation of Scantlings of Hatch Covers and Hatch
Coamings and Closing Arrangements of Cargo Holds
of Ships

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Application and definitions

(cont)

1.1

Application

Theserequirementsapplytoallshipsexceptbulkcarriers,orecarriersandcombination
carriers,asdefinedinURZ11,andareforallcargohatchcoversandcoamingsonexposed
decks.
Thestrengthrequirementsareapplicabletohatchcoversandhatchcoamingsofstiffenedplate
constructionanditsclosingarrangements.
ThisURisapplicabletohatchcoversandcoamingsmadeofsteel.Incaseofalternative
materialsandinnovativedesignstheapprovalissubjecttotheindividualclasssociety.
ThisURdoesnotapplytoportablecoverssecuredweathertightbytarpaulinsandbattening
devices,orpontooncovers,asdefinedinICLLRegulation15.
ThisURappliesforshipscontractedforconstructiononorafter1July2012.These
requirementsareinadditiontotherequirementsoftheICLL.
Thecontractedforconstructiondatemeansthedateonwhichthecontracttobuildthevessel
issignedbetweentheprospectiveownerandtheshipbuilder.Forfurtherdetailsregardingthe
dateofcontractforconstruction,refertoIACSProceduralRequirement(PR)No.29.
1.2

Definitions

ICLL Where ICLL is referred to in the text, this is to be taken as the International Convention
on Load Lines , 1966 as amended by the 1988 protocol, as amended in 2003.
1.2.1

Hatch cover types

Singleskincover
Ahatchcovermadeofsteelorequivalentmaterialthatisdesignedtocomplywith
ICLLRegulation16.Thecoverhascontinuoustopandsideplating,butisopen
underneathwiththestiffeningstructureexposed.Thecoverisweathertightandfitted
withgasketsandclampingdevicesunlesssuchfittingsarespecificallyexcluded.

Doubleskincover
Ahatchcoverasabovebutwithcontinuousbottomplatingsuchthatallthestiffening
structureandinternalsareprotectedfromtheenvironment.

Pontoontypecover
Aspecialtypeofportablecover,securedweathertightbytarpaulinsandbattening
devices.SuchcoversaretobedesignedinaccordancewithICLLRegulation15and
arenotcoveredbythisUR.
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(cont)

Clarificationnote:
Modernhatchcoverdesignsofliftawaycoversareinmanycasescalledpontooncovers.This
definitiondoesnotfittothedefinitionabove.Modernliftawayhatchcoverdesignsshould
belongtooneofthetwocategoriessingleskincoversordoubleskincover.
1.2.2

Positions

Thehatchwaysareclassifiedaccordingtotheirpositionasfollows:
Position1

Uponexposedfreeboardandraisedquarterdecks,anduponexposed
superstructuredeckssituatedforwardofapointlocatedaquarterofships
lengthfromforwardperpendicular.

Position2

Uponexposedsuperstructuredeckssituatedabaftaquarteroftheshipslength
fromtheforwardperpendicularandlocatedatleastonestandardheightofthe
superstructureabovethefreeboarddeck.
Uponexposedsuperstructuredeckssituatedforwardofapointlocatedaquarter
oftheshipslengthfromtheforwardperpendicularandlocatedatleasttwo
standardheightofthesuperstructureabovethefreeboarddeck.

1.3

Material

Hatchcoversandcoamingsaretobemadeofmaterialinaccordancewiththedefinitionsof
URS6.AmaterialclassIistobeappliedforhatchcovers.
1.4

General requirements

Primarysupportingmembersandsecondarystiffenersofhatchcoversaretobecontinuous
overthebreadthandlengthofhatchcovers,asfaraspractical.Whenthisisimpractical,
snipedendconnectionsarenottobeusedandappropriatearrangementsaretobeadoptedto
providesufficientloadcarryingcapacity.
Thespacingofprimarysupportingmembersparalleltothedirectionofsecondarystiffenersis
nottoexceed1/3ofthespanofprimarysupportingmembers.Whenstrengthcalculationis
carriedoutbyFEanalysisusingplanestrainorshellelements,thisrequirementcanbewaived.
Secondarystiffenersofhatchcoamingsaretobecontinuousoverthebreadthandlengthof
hatchcoamings.
1.5

Net scantling approach

Unlessotherwisequoted,thethicknessestofthefollowingsectionsarenetthicknesses.
Thenetthicknessesarethememberthicknessesnecessarytoobtaintheminimumnet
scantlingsrequiredby3and5.

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S21A
(cont)

Therequiredgrossthicknessesareobtainedbyaddingcorrosionadditions,tS,giveninTab.9
in7.1.
Strengthcalculationsusingbeamtheory,grillageanalysisorFEMaretobeperformedwith
netscantlings.
2

Hatch cover and coaming load model

Structuralassessmentofhatchcoversandhatchcoamingsistobecarriedoutusingthedesign
loads,definedinthischapter.

Definitions
L
LLL
x
Tfb

= lengthofship,inm,asdefinedinURS2
= lengthofship,inm,asdefinedinICLLRegulation3
= longitudinalcoordinateofmidpointofassessedstructuralmembermeasuredfrom
aftendoflengthLorLLL,asapplicable
= draught,inm,correspondingtotheassignedsummerloadline

hN

= standard superstructure height in m

= 1,05 0,01 LLL , 1,8 hN 2,3

2.1

Vertical weather design load

Thepressure p H ,inkN/m,onthehatchcoverpanelsisgivenbyICLL.Thismaybetaken
fromTab.1.Theverticalweatherdesignloadneedsnottobecombinedwithcargoloads
accordingto2.3and2.4.
InFig.1thepositions1and2areillustratedforanexampleship.
Whereanincreasedfreeboardisassigned,thedesignloadforhatchcoversaccordingtoTab.1
ontheactualfreeboarddeckmaybeasrequiredforasuperstructuredeck,providedthe
summerfreeboardissuchthattheresultingdraughtwillnotbegreaterthanthatcorresponding
totheminimumfreeboardcalculatedfromanassumedfreeboarddecksituatedatadistanceat
leastequaltothestandardsuperstructureheighthNbelowtheactualfreeboarddeck,seeFig.2.

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Tab. 1 Design load pH of weather deck hatches

S21A
(cont)

Design load pH [kN/m2]

Position

x
0,75
L LL

0,75

x
1,0
L LL

for 24 m LLL 100 m

on freeboard deck

9,81
1,5 L LL 116
76

9,81
x
4,28 L LL 28
1,71 L LL 95
76
L LL

upon exposed superstructure decks located at least one superstructure

standard height above the freeboard deck

9,81
1,5 L LL 116
76
for LLL > 100 m
on freeboard deck for type B ships according to ICLL

x
9,81 0,0296 L 1 3,04
0,0222 L 1 1,22
L LL

on freeboard deck for ships with less freeboard than type B according
to ICLL

9,81 3,5

x
9,81 0,1452 L 1 8,52
0,1089 L 1 9,89
L LL

L1 = LLL but not more than 340 m

upon exposed superstructure decks located at least one superstructure
standard height above the freeboard deck
9,81 3,5

for 24 m LLL 100 m

9,81
1,1 L LL 87,6
76
2

for LLL > 100 m

9,81 2,6
upon exposed superstructure decks located at least one superstructure standard height above the
lowest Position 2 deck
9,81 2,1

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2**
2**

(cont)
Freeboard Deck

2**
2
1

2
1*

1*

Tfb
0.25 LLL
Length LLL
* reduced load upon exposed superstructure decks located at least one superstructure standard
height above the freeboard deck
** reduced load upon exposed superstructure decks of vessels with LLL > 100 m located at least
one superstructure standard height above the lowest Position 2 deck

Fig. 1 Positions 1 and 2

2**
2**

Actual Freeboard Deck

Assumed Freeboard Deck

2**
2**
2

2**
2
1*

hN
Tfb
0.25 LLL

Length LLL
* reduced load upon exposed superstructure decks located at least one superstructure standard
height above the freeboard deck
** reduced load upon exposed superstructure decks of vessels with LLL > 100 m located at least
one superstructure standard height above the lowest Position 2 deck

Fig. 2 Positions 1 and 2 for an increased freeboard

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(cont)

2.2

Horizontal weather design load

Thehorizontalweatherdesignload,inkN/m,fordeterminingthescantlingsofouteredge
girders(skirtplates)ofweatherdeckhatchcoversandofhatchcoamingsis:

p A a c b cL f z
f

L
4 ,1
25

for L < 90 m
1,5

300 L

100

= 10 ,75

for 90 m L 300 m

= 10,75

for 300 m L 350 m

1,5

= 10 ,75 L 350

cL

L
90

150

for 350 m L 500 m

for L < 90 m
for L 90 m

=1
a

= 20

L1
12

for unprotected front coamings and hatch cover skirt plates

= 10

L1
12

for unprotected front coamings and hatch cover skirt plates, where
the distance from the actual freeboard deck to the summer load line
exceeds the minimum non-corrected tabular freeboard according to
ICLL by at least one standard superstructure height hN

a
a

a
L1

L1

forsideandprotectedfrontcoamingsandhatchcoverskirtplates
15
L
x'
= 7 1 8
foraftendsofcoamingsandafthatchcoverskirtplatesabaft
100
L
amidships
L
x'
= 5 1 4
foraftendsofcoamingsandafthatchcoverskirtplatesforwardof
100
L
amidships
=L,neednotbetakengreaterthan300m
= 5

x'

0 ,45

= 1,0
C B 0 ,2

x'

0 ,45

= 1,0 1,5
C B 0 ,2

for

x'
0,45
L

for

x'
0,45
L

0,6 C B 0,8 ,whendeterminingscantlingsofaftendsofcoamingsandafthatchcoverskirt

platesforwardofamidships,CBneednotbetakenlessthan0,8.
= distanceinmbetweenthetransversecoamingorhatchcoverskirtplateconsidered
andaftendofthelengthL.Whendeterminingsidecoamingsorsidehatchcover
skirtplates,thesideistobesubdividedintopartsofapproximatelyequallength,not

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S21A

exceeding0,15Leach,andxistobetakenasthedistancebetweenaftendofthe
lengthLandthecentreofeachpartconsidered.

S21A
(cont)

= verticaldistanceinmfromthesummerloadlinetothemidpointofstiffenerspan,or
tothemiddleoftheplatefield

= 0,3 0,7

b'

= breadthofcoaminginmatthepositionconsidered

B'

= actualmaximumbreadthofshipinmontheexposedweatherdeckattheposition
considered.

b'
B'

b'/B'isnottobetakenlessthan0,25.
ThedesignloadpAisnottobetakenlessthantheminimumvaluesgiveninTab.2.
Tab. 2 Minimum design load pAmin

PAmininkN/mfor
unprotectedfronts

elsewhere

30

15

50

50
250

25

250

2.3

Cargo loads

2.3.1

Distributed loads

L
10

50

12 ,5

L
20

25

Theloadonhatchcoversduetocargoloads p L ,inkN/m,resultingfromheaveandpitchisto
bedeterminedaccordingtothefollowingformula:
p L pC 1 aV
pC

=uniformcargoloadinkN/m

av

=accelerationadditionasfollows:

aV F m
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S21A
(cont)

F 0 ,11

v0
L

m = m0 5 m0 1

x
L

= 1.0
= 1

m0 1 x

0 ,7

0,3 L

x
0 ,2
L
x
for 0,2 0 ,7
L
x
for 0 ,7 1,0
L

for 0

m0

= 1,5 F

v0

=max.speedatsummerloadlinedraught,v0isnottobetakenlessthan L inkn

2.3.2

Point loads

Theloadsduetosingleforces P inkNresultingfromheaveandpitch(e.g.incaseof
containers)aretobedeterminedasfollows:
P PS 1 aV
PS
=singleforceinkN

2.4

Container loads

WherecontainersarestowedonhatchcoversthefollowingloadsinkNduetoheave,pitch,
andtheship'srollingmotionaretobeconsidered,seealsoFig.3.
h
M

1 aV 0,45 0,42 m
2
b

h
M

B z 9,81 1 aV 0,45 0,42 m

2
b

Az 9,81

B y 2,4 M

av

= acceleration addition according to 2.3.1

= maximum designed mass of container stack in t

hm

= designed height of centre of gravity of stack above hatch cover supports in m

b
=distancebetweenfootpointsinm
Az,Bz =supportforcesinzdirectionattheforwardandaftstackcorners
By
=supportforceinydirectionattheforwardandaftstackcorners
Note:
ForMandhmitisrecommendedtoapplythosevalues,whichareusedforthecalculationsof
cargosecuring(containerlashing).IfdifferentassumptionsaremadeforMandhm,the
designerhastoverifythat,inthecalculationmodel,thehatchcoverstructureisnotloaded
lessthanbythosevaluesrecommended.

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(cont)

WhenstrengthofthehatchcoverstructureisassessedbyFEanalysisaccordingto3.5.2using
shellorplanestrainelements,hmmaybetakenasthedesignedheightofcentreofgravityof
stackabovethehatchcovertopplate.
ValuesofMandhmappliedfortheassessmentofhatchcoverstrengtharetobeshowninthe
drawingsofthehatchcovers.

Fig. 3 Forces due to container loads

Incaseofcontainerstackssecuredtolashingbridgesorcarriedincellguidestheforcesacting
onthehatchcovermaybespeciallyconsidered.
Alternatively,containerloadsmaybeappliedbasedonaccelerationscalculatedbyan
individualaccelerationanalysisfortheusedlashingsystem.Theindividualacceleration
analysisshallbecarriedoutbytheindividualclassificationsociety.
2.4.1

Load cases with partial loading

Theloadcases2.3and2.4arealsotobeconsideredforpartialnonhomogeneousloading
whichmayoccurinpractice,e.g.wherespecifiedcontainerstackplacesareempty.
Theloadcasepartialloadingofcontainerhatchcoverscanbeevaluatedusingasimplified
approach,wherethehatchcoverisloadedwithouttheoutermoststacks,seeFig.4.

Fig. 4 Partial loading of a container hatch cover

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(cont)

2.5

Loads due to elastic deformations of the ship's hull

Hatchcovers,whichinadditiontotheloadsaccordingto2.1to2.4areloadedintheship's
transversedirectionbyforcesduetoelasticdeformationsoftheship'shull,aretobedesigned
suchthatthesumofstressesdoesnotexceedthepermissiblevaluesgivenin3.1.1.
3

Hatch cover strength criteria

3.1

Permissible stresses and deflections

3.1.1

Stresses

Theequivalentstressvinsteelhatchcoverstructuresrelatedtothenetthicknessshallnot
exceed0,8F,whereFistheminimumyieldstress,inN/mm2,ofthematerial.Fordesign
loadsaccordingto2.2to2.5,theequivalentstressvrelatedtothenetthicknessshallnot
exceed0,9FwhenthestressesareassessedbymeansofFEMusingplanestressorshell
elements.
Forsteelswithaminimumyieldstressofmorethan355N/mm2,thevalueofFtobeapplied
throughoutthisrequirementissubjecttotheindividualclassificationsocietybutisnottobe
morethantheminimumyieldstressofthematerial.
Forbeamelementcalculationsandgrillageanalysis,theequivalentstressmaybetakenas
follows:

V 2 3 2 inN/mm

= normal stress in N/mm

= shear stress in N/mm

ForFEMcalculations,theequivalentstressmaybetakenasfollows:
2
2
V x x y y 3 2 inN/mm

= normal stress, in N/mm2, in x-direction

= normal stress, in N/mm2, in y-direction

= shear stress, in N/mm2, in the x-y plane

IndicesxandyarecoordinatesofatwodimensionalCartesiansystemintheplaneofthe
consideredstructuralelement.
IncaseofFEMcalculationsusingshellorplanestrainelements,thestressesaretoberead
fromthecentreoftheindividualelement.Whereshellelementsareused,thestressesaretobe
evaluatedatthemidplaneoftheelement.
Stressconcentrationsaretobeassessedtothesatisfactionoftheindividualclassification
society.
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(cont)

3.1.2

Deflection

Theverticaldeflectionofprimarysupportingmembersduetotheverticalweatherdesignload
accordingto2.1istobenotmorethan 0.0056 l g wherelgisthegreatestspanofprimary
supportingmembers.
Note:
Wherehatchcoversarearrangedforcarryingcontainersandmixedstowageisallowed,i.e.,
a40'containerstowedontopoftwo20'containers,particularattentionshouldbepaidtothe
deflectionsofhatchcovers.Furtherthepossiblecontactofdeflectedhatchcoverswithinhold
cargohastobeobserved.
3.2

Local net plate thickness

Thelocalnetplatethicknesst,inmm,ofthehatchcovertopplatingisnottobelessthan:
p
t Fp 15,8 s
0,95 F
andtobenotlessthan1%ofthespacingofthestiffeneror6mmifthatbegreater.
Fp

=factorforcombinedmembraneandbendingresponse
=1,5ingeneral

0,8 fortheattachedplateflangeofprimarysupportingmembers
= 1,9
,for
a
a

=stiffenerspacinginm

=pressurepHandpL,inkN/m2,asdefinedin2.

=normalstress,inN/mm2,ofhatchcovertopplating

= 0,8 F inN/mm2

Forflangeplatesundercompressionsufficientbucklingstrengthaccordingto3.6istobe
demonstrated.
Note:
Thenormalstressofthehatchcoverplatingmaybedeterminedinadistancesfromwebsof
adjacentprimarysupportingmembersperpendiculartosecondarystiffenersandinadistance
s/2fromthewebofanadjacentprimarysupportingmemberparalleltosecondarystiffeners,
refertoFig.5.Thegreaterofbothstressesistobetaken.Forthedistributionofnormalstress
betweentwoparallelgirders,referto3.6.3.2.

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(cont)

Fig. 5 Determination of normal stress of the hatch cover plating

3.2.1

Local net plate thickness of hatch covers for wheel loading

Thelocalnetplatethicknessofhatchcoversforwheelloadinghavetobederivedfromthe
individualclassificationsocietysrules.
3.2.2

Lower plating of double skin hatch covers and box girders

Thethicknesstofulfillthestrengthrequirementsistobeobtainedfromthecalculation
accordingto3.5underconsiderationofpermissiblestressesaccordingto3.1.1.
Thenetthicknessmustnotbelessthanthelargerofthefollowingvalueswhenthelower
platingistakenintoaccountasastrengthmemberofthehatchcover:
t 6,5 s inmm
t min 5 mm
s=stiffenerspacinginm
Whenthelowerplatingisnotconsideredasastrengthmemberofthehatchcover,the
thicknessofthelowerplatingshouldbedeterminedaccordingtotheindividualclasssocietys
rules.
3.3

Net scantling of secondary stiffeners

ThenetsectionmodulusZandnetshearareaAsofuniformlyloadedhatchcoverstiffeners
constraintatbothendsmustnotbelessthan:
Z

104
s l 2 p incm
F

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S21A
(cont)

As
l

10 s l p
incm
F
= secondarystiffenerspan,inm,tobetakenasthespacing,inm,ofprimary
supportingmembersorthedistancebetweenaprimarysupportingmemberandthe
edgesupport,asapplicable.

=secondarystiffenerspacinginm

=pressurepHandpL,inkN/m2,asdefinedin2.

Thenetsectionmodulusofthesecondarystiffenersistobedeterminedbasedonanattached
platewidthassumedequaltothestiffenerspacing.
Forflatbarsecondarystiffenersandbucklingstiffeners,theratioh/twistobenotgreaterthan
15k0.5,where:
h =heightofthestiffener
tw =netthicknessofthestiffener
k=235/F
Stiffenersparalleltoprimarysupportingmembersandarrangedwithintheeffectivebreadth
accordingto3.5.1mustbecontinuousatcrossingprimarysupportingmemberandmaybe
regardedforcalculatingthecrosssectionalpropertiesofprimarysupportingmembers.Itisto
beverifiedthatthecombinedstressofthosestiffenersinducedbythebendingofprimary
supportingmembersandlateralpressuresdoesnotexceedthepermissiblestressesaccording
to3.1.1.
Forhatchcoverstiffenersundercompressionsufficientsafetyagainstlateralandtorsional
bucklingaccording3.6.3istobeverified.
Forhatchcoverssubjecttowheelloadingstiffenerscantlingsaretobedeterminedbydirect
calculationsunderconsiderationofthepermissiblestressesaccordingto3.1.1oraretobe
determinedaccordingtotheindividualclasssocietysrules.
3.4

Net scantling of primary supporting members

3.4.1

Primary supporting members

Scantlingsofprimarysupportingmembersareobtainedfromcalculationsaccordingto3.5
underconsiderationofpermissiblestressesaccordingto3.1.1.
Forallcomponentsofprimarysupportingmemberssufficientsafetyagainstbucklingmustbe
verifiedaccordingto3.6.Forbiaxialcompressedflangeplatesthisistobeverifiedwithinthe
effectivewidthsaccordingto3.6.3.2.
Thenetthickness,inmm,ofwebsofprimarysupportingmembersshallnotbelessthan:
t 6,5 s inmm
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(cont)

t min 5 mm
s=stiffenerspacinginm
3.4.2
Edge girders (Skirt plates)
Scantlingsofedgegirdersareobtainedfromthecalculationsaccordingto3.5under
considerationofpermissiblestressesaccordingto3.1.1.
Thenetthickness,inmm,oftheouteredgegirdersexposedtowashofseashallnotbeless
thanthelargestofthefollowingvalues:
t 15,8 s

pA
0,95 F

t 8,5 s inmm
t min 5 mm
pA
=horizontalpressureasdefinedin2.2
s
=stiffenerspacinginm
Thestiffnessofedgegirdersistobesufficienttomaintainadequatesealingpressurebetween
securingdevices.Themomentofinertia,incm4,ofedgegirdersisnottobelessthan:
4

I 6 q s SD
q = packing line pressure in N/mm, minimum 5 N/mm
s SD = spacing, in m, of securing devices
3.5

Strength calculations

Strengthcalculationforhatchcoversmaybecarriedoutbyeither,usingbeamtheory,grillage
analysisorFEM.
3.5.1

Effective cross-sectional properties for calculation by beam theory or grillage

analysis

Crosssectionalpropertiesaretobedeterminedconsideringtheeffectivebreadth.Cross
sectionalareasofsecondarystiffenersparalleltotheprimarysupportingmemberunder
considerationwithintheeffectivebreadthcanbeincluded,referFig.7.
Theeffectivebreadthofplating em ofprimarysupportingmembersistobedetermined
accordingtoTab.3,consideringthetypeofloading.Specialcalculationsmayberequiredfor
determiningtheeffectivebreadthofonesidedornonsymmetricalflanges.
Theeffectivecrosssectionalareaofplatesisnottobelessthanthecrosssectionalareaofthe
faceplate.

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S21A
(cont)

Forflangeplatesundercompressionwithsecondarystiffenersperpendiculartothewebofthe
primarysupportingmember,theeffectivewidthistobedeterminedaccordingto3.6.3.2.
Tab. 3 Effective breadth em of plating of primary supporting members
l/e

em1/e

0.36

0.64

0.82

0.91

0.96

0.98

1.00

1.00

em2/e

0.20

0.37

0.52

0.65

0.75

0.84

0.89

0.90

em1
not
em2

istobeappliedwhereprimarysupportingmembersareloadedbyuniformlydistributedloadsorelseby
lessthan6equallyspacedsingleloads
istobeappliedwhereprimarysupportingmembersareloadedby3orlesssingleloads

Intermediatevaluesmaybeobtainedbydirectinterpolation.
l
lengthofzeropointsofbendingmomentcurve:
l=l0forsimplysupportedprimarysupportingmembers
l=0,6l0forprimarysupportingmemberswithbothendsconstraint,
wherel0istheunsupportedlengthoftheprimarysupportingmember
e

3.5.2

widthofplatingsupported,measuredfromcentretocentreoftheadjacentunsupportedfields

General requirements for FEM calculations

Forstrengthcalculationsofhatchcoversbymeansoffiniteelements,thecovergeometryshall
beidealizedasrealisticallyaspossible.Elementsizemustbeappropriatetoaccountfor
effectivebreadth.Innocaseelementwidthshallbelargerthanstiffenerspacing.Inwayof
forcetransferpointsandcutoutsthemeshhastoberefinedwhereapplicable.Theratioof
elementlengthtowidthshallnotexceed4.
Theelementheightofwebsofprimarysupportingmembermustnotexceedonethirdofthe
webheight.Stiffeners,supportingplatesagainstpressureloads,havetobeincludedinthe
idealization.Bucklingstiffenersmaybedisregardedforthestresscalculation.
3.6

Buckling strength of hatch cover structures

Forhatchcoverstructuressufficientbucklingstrengthistobedemonstrated.
Thebucklingstrengthassessmentofcoamingpartsistobedoneaccordingtotheindividual
classsocietysrules.
Definitions
a
b

= length of the longer side of a single plate field in mm (x-direction)

= breadth of the shorter side of a single plate field in mm (y-direction)

= aspect ratio of single plate field

n
t

= a/b
= number of single plate field breadths within the partial or total plate field
= net plate thickness in mm
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S21A
(cont)

= membrane stress, in N/mm, in x-direction

= membrane stress, in N/mm, in y-direction

= shear stress, in N/mm, in the x-y plane

= modulus of elasticity, in N/mm, of the material

= 2,06105 N/mm2 for steel

= minimum yield stress, in N/mm, of the material

Compressive and shear stresses are to be taken positive, tension stresses are to be taken
negative.

Fig. 6 General arrangement of panel

Note:
IfstressesinthexandydirectionalreadycontainthePoissoneffect(calculatedusingFEM),
thefollowingmodifiedstressvaluesmaybeused.Bothstressesx*andy*aretobe
compressivestresses,inordertoapplythestressreductionaccordingtothefollowing
formulae:
x x* 0,3 *y 0,91

y *y 0,3 x* 0,91

x*,y*

= stressescontainingthePoissoneffect

Where compressive stress fulfils the condition y* < 0,3x*, then y = 0 and x = x*
Where compressive stress fulfils the condition x* < 0,3y*, then x = 0 and y = y*
F1= correction factor for boundary condition at the longitudinal stiffeners according to Tab.4.

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S21A

Tab. 4 Correction factor F1

(cont)

Stiffenerssnipedatbothends

1,00

Guidancevalues1wherebothends
areeffectivelyconnectedto
adjacentstructures

1,05 forflatbars
1,10 forbulbsections
1,20 forangleandteesections
1,30 forutypesections2and
girdersofhighrigidity

AnaveragevalueofF1istobeusedforplatepanelshavingdifferent
edgestiffeners
Exactvaluesmaybedeterminedbydirectcalculations
Highervaluemaybetakenifitisverifiedbyabucklingstrengthcheck
ofthepartialplatefieldusingnonlinearFEAanddeemedappropriate
bytheindividualclasssocietybutnotgreaterthan2.0
1
2

=referencestress,inN/mm2,takenequalto
2

1
2
S

K
3.6.1

t
= 0,9 E
b
=edgestressratiotakenequalto
= 2 / 1 where
=maximumcompressivestress
=minimumcompressivestressortensionstress
=safetyfactor(basedonnetscantlingapproach),takenequalto
= 1.25forhatchcoverswhensubjectedtotheverticalweatherdesignloadaccording
to2.1
=1.10forhatchcoverswhensubjectedtoloadsaccordingto2.2to2.5
=referencedegreeofslenderness,takenequalto:
F
=
K e
=bucklingfactoraccordingtoTab.6.
Proof of top and lower hatch cover plating

Proofistobeprovidedthatthefollowingconditioniscompliedwithforthesingleplatefield
ab:
e1

x S

x F

e2

y S

y F

S 3

x y S 2

F2

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1,0

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Thefirsttwotermsandthelasttermoftheaboveconditionshallnotexceed1,0.
Thereductionfactorsx,yandaregiveninTab.6.
Wherex0(tensionstress),x=1,0.
Wherey0(tensionstress),y=1,0.
The exponents e1, e2 and e3 as well as the factor B are to be taken as given by Tab.5.
Tab. 5 Coefficients e1, e2, e3 and factor B
Exponentse1e3and
factorB

Platepanel

e1

1 x4

e2

1 y4

e3

1 x y 2

B
xandypositive
(compressionstress)
B
xorynegative
(tensionstress)

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Tab. 6 Buckling and reduction factors for plane elementary plate panels

S21A
(cont)

BucklingLoad Case

Asp. ratio
Edge stress
ratio

Buckling factor K

ab

1 0

0 1

1
K F1 1 2

1
K F1 1 2


1 1,5

31
4

31
4

Explanations for boundary conditions

K F1

1
K F1

c
0,88
1 1
2
c

2,11
1 0,91
c 0

1
1,1
2

p 0,5 for 1 p 2 3
F

c1 1 1 0

1 for c
c

R 0,22
for c

8,6

10 )
2

2,11 R
1,1

2 (5,87 1,87 2

c
0,88
1 1

2
c

1 R F H R

y c

2,1

1,1
c 1,25 0,12 1,25

K F1 1 2

1,5

1 0,22
2 for c


c 1,25 0,12 1,25

13,9 10
2

0 1

for c

x c

K 1 2 5,975

x 1

8,4
1,1

K 7,63 6,26 10

1 0

Reduction factor

5,975

c T

T 2 4

14 1

15 3

3,9675

1
0,5375

1,87

- - - - - plate edge free

plate edge simply supported

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4 0,425 2

K
3 1

1 0

(cont)

K 4 0,425 2 1

5 1 3,42

0 1

4
1 1

for 0,7

1
2

0,51

for 0,7

1 3

K 0,425 2
2

K K 3

1
===

0 1

K 5,34 2

5,34

K 4 2

Explanations for boundary conditions

3.6.2

x 1

1
for 0,84
0,84

for 0,84

- - - - - plate edge free

plate edge simply supported

Webs and flanges of primary supporting members

For non-stiffened webs and flanges of primary supporting members sufficient buckling
strength as for the hatch cover top and lower plating is to be demonstrated according to 3.6.1.
3.6.3

Proof of partial and total fields of hatch covers

3.6.3.1 Longitudinal and transverse secondary stiffeners

It is to be demonstrated that the continuous longitudinal and transverse stiffeners of partial and
total plate fields comply with the conditions set out in 3.6.3.3 through 3.6.3.4.
3.6.3.2 Effective width of top and lower hatch cover plating
Fordemonstrationofbucklingstrengthaccordingto3.6.3.3 through 3.6.3.4theeffectivewidth
ofplatingmaybedeterminedbythefollowingformulae:
bm x b

for longitudinal stiffeners

am y a

for transverse stiffeners

seealsoFig.6.
Theeffectivewidthofplatingisnottobetakengreaterthanthevalueobtainedfrom3.5.1.
Theeffectivewidthe'mofstiffenedflangeplatesofprimarysupportingmembersmaybe
determinedasfollows:

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(cont)

Fig. 7 Stiffening parallel to web of primary supporting member

b < em
e'm = nbm
n = integernumberofstiffenerspacingsbinsidetheeffectivebreadthemaccordingto3.5.1
em

= int

Fig. 8 Stiffening perpendicular to web of primary supporting member

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(cont)

a em
e'm = n am em
em
a

= 2,7

= widthofplatingsupportedaccordingto3.5.1

Forbemora<em,respectively,bandahavetobeexchanged.
amandbmforflangeplatesareingeneraltobedeterminedfor=1.
Note:
Scantlingsofplatesandstiffenersareingeneraltobedeterminedaccordingtothemaximum
stressesx(y)atwebsofprimarysupportingmemberandstiffeners,respectively.For
stiffenerswithspacingbundercompressionarrangedparalleltoprimarysupporting
membersnovaluelessthan0,25Fshallbeinsertedforx(y=b).
Thestressdistributionbetweentwoprimarysupportingmemberscanbeobtainedbythe
followingformula:

y
y

x y x1 1 3 c1 4 c2 2 1 c1 2 c2
e
e

c1

x2
x1

c2

1,5
e"m1 e"m2
e

e"m1

= proportionate effective breadth em1 or proportionate effective width em1 of primary

supporting member 1 within the distance e, as appropriate

e"m2

= proportionate effective breadth em2 or proportionate effective width em2 of primary

supporting member 2 within the distance e, as appropriate

0 c1 1

0,5

x1, x2 = normal stresses in flange plates of adjacent primary supporting member 1 and 2
with spacing e, based on cross-sectional properties considering the effective
breadth or effective width, as appropriate
y

= distance of considered location from primary supporting member 1

Shearstressdistributionintheflangeplatesmaybeassumedlinearly.
3.6.3.3 Lateral buckling of secondary stiffeners

a b
S 1
F

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(cont)

a
axis.
a
a

=uniformlydistributedcompressivestress,inN/mm2inthedirectionofthestiffener

= bending stress, in N/mm2, in the stiffener

=xforlongitudinalstiffeners
=yfortransversestiffeners

M0

M 0 M1
Z st 10 3

=bendingmoment,inNmm,duetothedeformationwofstiffener,takenequalto:

M 0 FKi
M1

pz w
c f pz

with c f p z 0

=bendingmoment,inNmm,duetothelateralloadpequalto:

p b a2
forlongitudinalstiffeners
24 10 3
2
p a n b
M1
fortransversestiffeners
c s 8 10 3
nistobetakenequalto1forordinarytransversestiffeners.
M1

= lateral load in kN/m

FKi

=idealbucklingforce,inN,ofthestiffener

2
forlongitudinalstiffeners
E I x 10 4
a2
2

E I y 10 4 fortransversestiffeners
2
n b

FKix
FKiy

I x , I y =netmomentsofinertia,incm4,ofthelongitudinalortransversestiffenerincluding
effectivewidthofattachedplatingaccordingto3.6.3.2.IxandIyaretocomplywiththe
followingcriteria:
b t3
Ix
12 10 4
a t3
Iy
12 10 4
pz

=nominallateralload,inN/mm2,ofthestiffenerdueto x , y and
p zx

t
b
xl

b
a

p zy

t
a
2 c x xl y

a
nb

2 c y y 2 1

Ay
2 1

a t

Page 24 of 37

forlongitudinalstiffeners
fortransversestiffeners

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xl x 1 x
b t

(cont)

c x , c y = factortakingintoaccountthestressesperpendiculartothestiffener'saxisand
distributedvariablealongthestiffener'slength
= 0,5 (1 ) for 0 1
0,5
for 0
1
Ax , A y = netsectionalarea,inmm2,ofthelongitudinalortransversestiffener,respectively,
withoutattachedplating

m m
1 t F E 21 22 0
b
a

for longitudinal stiffeners:

a
2,0 : m1 1,47 m 2 0,49
b
a
2,0 : m1 1,96 m 2 0,37
b
for transverse stiffeners:
a
1,96
0,5 : m1 0,37 m 2 2
n b
n
a
1,47
0,5 : m1 0,49 m 2 2
n b
n
w w0 w1
wo

= assumed imperfection in mm
a
b
w0 x min(
,
,10) forlongitudinalstiffeners
250 250
a n b
w0 y min(
,
,10) for transverse stiffeners
250 250

Note:
For stiffeners sniped at both ends wo must not be taken less than the distance from the
midpoint of plating to the neutral axis of the profile including effective width of plating.
w1 = Deformation of stiffener, in mm, at midpoint of stiffener span due to lateral load p.
Incaseofuniformlydistributedloadthefollowingvaluesforw1maybeused:
p b a4
w1
forlongitudinalstiffeners
384 10 7 E I x
w1

5 a p ( n b) 4
fortransversestiffeners
384 10 7 E I y c s2
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cf

= elastic support provided by the stiffener, in N/mm2

(cont)

i. For longitudinal stiffeners:

2
c fx FKix 2 (1 c px )
a
1
c px
12 10 4 I x

0,91
1
3
t b

1
c xa
c xa

a 2b

2b a

a
1

2b

for

a 2b

for
a 2b

ii.Fortransverse.stiffeners:
2
c fy c S FKiy
1 c py
n b 2
1
c py
12 10 4 I y

0,91

1
3

1
c ya
c xa

n b 2a
c ya

n b
2a
c ya

cs

2
nb
1

2a

for

n b 2a

for

n b 2a

= factor accounting for the boundary conditions of the transverse stiffener

= 1,0 for simply supported stiffeners
= 2,0 for partially constraint stiffeners

Zst = net section modulus of stiffener (long. or transverse) in cm including effective width
of plating according to 3.6.3.2.
Ifnolateralloadpisactingthebendingstressbistobecalculatedatthemidpointofthe
stiffenerspanforthatfibrewhichresultsinthelargeststressvalue.Ifalateralloadpisacting,
thestresscalculationistobecarriedoutforbothfibresofthestiffener'scrosssectionalarea(if
necessaryforthebiaxialstressfieldattheplatingside).

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S21A
(cont)

3.6.3.4 Torsional buckling of secondary stiffeners

3.6.3.4.1 Longitudinal secondary stiffeners
Thelongitudinalordinarystiffenersaretocomplywiththefollowingcriteria:
x S
1,0
T F
T
=coefficienttakenequalto:
T 1,0 for T 0,2
1
T

for T 0,2
2 T2

0,5 1 0,21 T 0,2 T2

=referencedegreeofslendernesstakenequalto:

T
KiT

E
IP

F
KiT
2 I 10 2

0,385 I T , in N/mm2
2
a

For I P , I T , I seeFig.9andTab.7.

Fig. 9 Dimensions of stiffener

IP
IT
I

=netpolarmomentofinertiaofthestiffener,incm4,relatedtothepointC
=netSt.Venant'smomentofinertiaofthestiffener,incm4
=netsectorialmomentofinertiaofthestiffener,incm6,relatedtothepointC
=degreeoffixationtakenequalto:

1 10

hw
tw

a4

3 4 b
4h
I 3 w 3
3tw
4
t

=webheight,inmm
=netwebthickness,inmm
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(cont)

bf

=flangebreadth,inmm

tf
Aw

=netflangethickness,inmm
=netwebareaequalto: Aw hw t w

Af

=netflangeareaequalto: A f b f t f

e f hw

tf
2

, in mm
Tab. 7 Moments of inertia

Section

IP

Flatbar

hw3 t w
3 10 4

IT
hw t w3

I
tw
hw

hw3 t w3

36 10 6

t
1 0,63 w
4
hw
3 10

1 0,63

3 10 4

forbulbandanglesections:

h w t w3

Sectionswith
bulborflange

Aw hw2
2

e
f
f 10

b f t 3f
t
1 0 ,63 f
4
3 10
bf

A f e 2f b 2f A f 2.6 AW

12 10 6 A f AW

forteesections:

b 3f t f e 2f
12 10 6

3.6.3.4.2 Transverse secondary stiffeners

Fortransversesecondarystiffenersloadedbycompressivestressesandwhicharenot
supportedbylongitudinalstiffeners,sufficienttorsionalbucklingstrengthistobe
demonstratedanalogouslyinaccordancewith3.6.3.4.1.
4

Details of hatch covers

4.1

Container foundations on hatch covers

Containerfoundationsaretobedesignedtothesatisfactionoftheindividualclasssociety.The
substructuresofcontainerfoundationsaretobedesignedforcargoandcontainerloads
accordingto2,applyingthepermissiblestressesaccordingto3.1.1.
4.2

Weather tightness

FurthertothefollowingrequirementsIACSRec.14isapplicabletohatchcovers.
4.2.1

Packing material (General)

Thepackingmaterialistobesuitableforallexpectedserviceconditionsoftheshipandisto
becompatiblewiththecargoestobetransported.Thepackingmaterialistobeselectedwith
regardtodimensionsandelasticityinsuchawaythatexpecteddeformationscanbecarried.
Forcesaretobecarriedbythesteelstructureonly.
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S21A
(cont)

Thepackingsaretobecompressedsoastogivethenecessarytightnesseffectforallexpected
operatingconditions.Specialconsiderationshallbegiventothepackingarrangementinships
withlargerelativemovementsbetweenhatchcoversandcoamingsorbetweenhatchcover
sections.
4.2.2
Dispensation of weather tight gaskets
Forhatchcoversofcargoholdssolelyforthetransportofcontainers,uponrequestbythe
ownersandsubjecttocompliancewiththefollowingconditionsthefittingofweathertight
gasketsaccordingto4.2.1maybedispensedwith:

Thehatchwaycoamingsshallbenotlessthan600mminheight.

TheexposeddeckonwhichthehatchcoversarelocatedissituatedaboveadepthH(x).
H(x)istobeshowntocomplywiththefollowingcriteria:

H ( x ) T fb f b h inm

T fb =draught,inm,correspondingtotheassignedsummerloadline
f b =minimumrequiredfreeboard,inm,determinedinaccordancewithICLLReg.28as
modifiedbyfurtherregulationsasapplicable
x
0,75
LLL
x
0,75
=6,9mfor
LLL

=4,6mfor

Labyrinths,gutterbarsorequivalentsaretobefittedproximatetotheedgesofeach
panelinwayofthecoamings.Theclearprofileoftheseopeningsistobekeptassmall
aspossible.

Whereahatchiscoveredbyseveralhatchcoverpanelstheclearopeningofthegapin
betweenthepanelsshallbenotwiderthan50mm.

Thelabyrinthsandgapsbetweenhatchcoverpanelsshallbeconsideredasunprotected
openingswithrespecttotherequirementsofintactanddamagestabilitycalculations.

Withregardtodrainageofcargoholdsandthenecessaryfirefightingsystemreference
ismade to thesections PipingSystems,ValvesandPumps and FireProtectionand
FireExtinguishingEquipmentoftheindividualclassificationsocietysrules.

Bilgealarmsshouldbeprovidedineachholdfittedwithnonweathertightcovers.

Furthermore,Chapter3ofIMOMSC/Circ.1087istobereferredtoconcerningthe
stowageandsegregationofcontainerscontainingdangerousgoods.

4.2.3

Drainage arrangements

Crossjointsofmultipanelcoversaretobeprovidedwithefficientdrainagearrangements.

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S21A

Hatch coaming strength criteria

(cont)

5.1

Local net plate thickness of coamings

Thenetthicknessofweatherdeckhatchcoamingsshallnotbelessthanthelargerofthe
followingvalues:
pA
t 14,2 s
inmm
0 ,95 F
L1
inmm
100
s
=stiffenerspacinginm
L1=L,neednotbetakengreaterthan300m
Longitudinalstrengthaspectsaretobeobserved.
t min 6

5.2

Net scantling of secondary stiffeners of coamings

Thestiffenersmustbecontinuousatthecoamingstays.Forstiffenerswithbothends
constrainttheelasticnetsectionmodulusZincm3andnetshearareaA incm2,calculatedon
thebasisofnetthickness,mustnotbelessthan:
S

83
s l 2 pA
F

10 s l p A
F
= secondarystiffenerspan,inm,tobetakenasthespacingofcoamingstays
=stiffenerspacinginm

As
l
s

Forsnipedstiffenersatcoamingcornerssectionmodulusandshearareaatthefixedsupport
havetobeincreasedby35%.Thegrossthicknessofthecoamingplateatthesnipedstiffener
endshallnotbelessthan
p A s l 0 ,5 s
t 19,6
inmm
F
Horizontalstiffenersonhatchcoamings,whicharepartofthelongitudinalhullstructure,are
tobedesignedaccordingtotheindividualclassificationsocietysrules.
5.3

Coaming stays

Coamingstaysaretobedesignedfortheloadstransmittedthroughthemandpermissible
stressesaccordingto3.1.1.
5.3.1

Coaming stay section modulus

ThenetsectionmodulusZofcoamingstayswithaheightofhs<1,6mandwhicharetobe
designedfortheloadp ,shallnotbelessthan:
A

Z
e

526
e hs2 p A incm
F
=spacingofcoamingstaysinm
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(cont)

Coamingstaysofcoamingshavingaheightof1,6mormorearetobedesignedusingdirect
calculationsunderconsiderationofthepermissiblestressesaccordingto3.1.1.Theeffective
breadthofthecoamingplateshallnotbelargerthantheeffectiveplatebreadthaccordingto
3.5.1.
Coamingstaysaretobesupportedbyappropriatesubstructures.Faceplatesmayonlybe
includedinthecalculationifanappropriatesubstructureisprovidedandweldingprovidesan
adequatejoint.
5.3.2

Web thickness of coaming stays

Webgrossthicknessattherootpointshallnotbelessthan:
2 e hS p A
tw

tS
F
hW
hW
=webheightofcoamingstayatitslowerendinm
tS
=corrosionaddition,inmm,accordingto7
Websaretobeconnectedtothedeckbyfilletweldsonbothsideswithathroatthicknessof
a 0,44 tW .Thesizeofweldingfortoesofwebsatthelowerendofcoamingstaysshould
beaccordingtotheindividualclasssocietysrules.
5.3.3

Coaming stays under friction load

Forcoamingstays,whichtransferfrictionforcesathatchcoversupports,sufficientfatigue
strengthistobeverifiedaccordingtoindividualclasssocietysrules,referto6.2.2.
5.4

Further requirements for hatch coamings

5.4.1

Longitudinal strength

Hatchcoamingswhicharepartofthelongitudinalhullstructurearetobedesignedaccording
totherequirementsforlongitudinalstrengthoftheindividualclassificationsociety.
Forstructuralmembersweldedtocoamingsandforcutoutsinthetopofcoamingssufficient
fatiguestrengthistobeverified.
Longitudinalhatchcoamingswithalengthexceeding0,1Lmaretobeprovidedwithtapered
bracketsorequivalenttransitionsandacorrespondingsubstructureatbothends.Attheendof
thebracketstheyaretobeconnectedtothedeckbyfullpenetrationweldsofminimum300
mminlength.
5.4.2

Local details

Ifthedesignoflocaldetailsisnotregulatedin5,localdetailsaretocomplywiththe
individualclassificationsocietysrequirementforthepurposeoftransferringtheloadsonthe
hatchcoverstothehatchcoamingsand,throughthem,tothedeckstructuresbelow.Hatch
coamingsandsupportingstructuresaretobeadequatelystiffenedtoaccommodatetheloading
fromhatchcovers,inlongitudinal,transverseandverticaldirections.
Structuresunderdeckaretobecheckedagainsttheloadtransmittedbythestays.
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(cont)

Unlessotherwisestated,weldconnectionsandmaterialsaretobedimensionedandselectedin
accordancewiththeindividualclassificationsocietysrequirements.
5.4.3

Stays

Onshipscarryingcargoondeck,suchastimber,coalorcoke,thestaysaretobespacednot
morethan1,5mapart.
5.4.4

Extend of coaming plates

Coamingplatesaretoextendtotheloweredgeofthedeckbeams;theyaretobeflangedor
fittedwithfacebarsorhalfroundbars.Fig.10givesanexample.

Fig. 10 Example for the extend of coaming plates

5.4.5

Drainage arrangement at the coaming

Ifdrainchannelsareprovidedinsidethelineofgasketbymeansofagutterbarorvertical
extensionofthehatchsideandendcoaming,drainopeningsaretobeprovidedatappropriate
positionsofthedrainchannels.
Drainopeningsinhatchcoamingsaretobearrangedwithsufficientdistancetoareasofstress
concentration(e.g.hatchcorners,transitionstocraneposts).
Drainopeningsaretobearrangedattheendsofdrainchannelsandaretobeprovidedwith
nonreturnvalvestopreventingressofwaterfromoutside.Itisunacceptabletoconnectfire
hosestothedrainopeningsforthispurpose.
Ifacontinuousoutersteelcontactbetweencoverandshipstructureisarranged,drainagefrom
thespacebetweenthesteelcontactandthegasketisalsotobeprovidedfor.

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S21A

Closing arrangements

(cont)

6.1

Securing devices

6.1.1

General

Securingdevicesbetweencoverandcoamingandatcrossjointsaretobeinstalledtoprovide
weathertightness.Sufficientpackinglinepressureistobemaintained.
Securingdevicesmustbeappropriatetobridgedisplacementsbetweencoverandcoamingdue
tohulldeformations.
Securingdevicesaretobeofreliableconstructionandeffectivelyattachedtothehatchway
coamings,decksorcovers.Individualsecuringdevicesoneachcoveraretohave
approximatelythesamestiffnesscharacteristics.
Sufficientnumberofsecuringdevicesistobeprovidedateachsideofthehatchcover
consideringtherequirementsof3.4.2.Thisappliesalsotohatchcoversconsistingofseveral
parts.
Thematerialsofstoppers,securingdevicesandtheirweldingsaretobetothesatisfactionthe
individualclasssociety.Specificationsofthematerialsaretobeshowninthedrawingsofthe
hatchcovers.
6.1.2

Rod cleats

Whererodcleatsarefitted,resilientwashersorcushionsaretobeincorporated.
6.1.3

Hydraulic cleats

Wherehydrauliccleatingisadopted,apositivemeansistobeprovidedsothatitremains
mechanicallylockedintheclosedpositionintheeventoffailureofthehydraulicsystem.
6.1.4

Cross-sectional area of the securing devices

Thegrosscrosssectionalareaincm2ofthesecuringdevicesisnottobelessthan:
A 0,28 q sSD kl

q
sSD

=packinglinepressureinN/mm,minimum5N/mm
=spacingbetweensecuringdevicesinm,nottobetakenlessthan2m

235

k l

,FistheminimumyieldstrengthofthematerialinN/mm

,butisnottobetaken

greaterthan0,7m,wheremisthetensilestrengthofthematerialinN/mm2.
e

=0,75for F 235 N/mm

=1,00for F 235 N/mm

Rodsorboltsaretohaveagrossdiameternotlessthan19mmforhatchwaysexceeding5m
inarea.
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(cont)

Securingdevicesofspecialdesigninwhichsignificantbendingorshearstressesoccurmaybe
designedasantiliftingdevicesaccordingto6.1.5.Asloadthepackinglinepressureq
multipliedbythespacingbetweensecuringdevicessSDistobeapplied.
6.1.5

Anti lifting devices

Thesecuringdevicesofhatchcovers,onwhichcargoistobelashed,aretobedesignedfor
theliftingforcesresultingfromloadsaccordingto2.4,referFig.11.Unsymmetricalloadings,
whichmayoccurinpractice,aretobeconsidered.Undertheseloadingstheequivalentstress
inthesecuringdevicesisnottoexceed:
150
V
inN/mm
kl
Chapter5.6ofIACSRec.14shouldbereferredtofortheomissionofantiliftingdevices.

Fig. 11 Lifting forces at a hatch cover

6.2

Hatch cover supports, stoppers and supporting structures

6.2.1

Horizontal mass forces

Forthedesignofthesecuringdevicesagainstshiftingthehorizontalmassforces Fh m a
aretobecalculatedwiththefollowingaccelerations:
a X 0,2 g
aY 0,5 g

inlongitudinaldirection
intransversedirection
m = Sum of mass of cargo lashed on the hatch cover and mass of hatch cover

6.2.2

Hatch cover supports

Forthetransmissionofthesupportforcesresultingfromtheloadcasesspecifiedin2andof
thehorizontalmassforcesspecifiedin6.2.1,supportsaretobeprovidedwhicharetobe
designedsuchthatthenominalsurfacepressuresingeneraldonotexceedthefollowing
values:
p n max d p n in N/mm

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(cont)

= 3,75 0,015 L

d max

= 3,0

d min

= 1,0 in general
= 2,0 for partial loading conditions, see 2.4.1

pn

= see Tab.8

Formetallicsupportingsurfacesnotsubjectedtorelativedisplacementsthenominalsurface
pressureapplies:
p n max 3 p n inN/mm
Drawingsofthesupportsmustbesubmitted.Inthedrawingsofsupportsthepermitted
maximumpressuregivenbythematerialmanufacturerrelatedtolongtimestressmustbe
specified.
Tab. 8 Permissible nominal surface pressure pn
pn[N/mm]whenloadedby
Supportmaterial
Verticalforce

Horizontalforce
(onstoppers)

Hullstructuralsteel

25

40

Hardenedsteel

35

50

Plasticmaterialsonsteel

50

Wherelargerelativedisplacementsofthesupportingsurfacesaretobeexpected,theuseof
materialhavinglowwearandfrictionalpropertiesisrecommended.
Ifnecessary,sufficientabrasivestrengthmaybeshownbytestsdemonstratinganabrasionof
supportsurfacesofnotmorethan0,3mmperyearinserviceatatotaldistanceofshiftingof
15000m/year.
Thesubstructuresofthesupportsmustbeofsuchadesign,thatauniformpressuredistribution
isachieved.
Irrespectiveofthearrangementofstoppers,thesupportsmustbeabletotransmitthefollowing
forcePhinthelongitudinalandtransversedirection:
P
Ph V
d
Pv
=verticalsupportingforce

=frictionalcoefficient
=0,5ingeneral
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S21A

S21A
(cont)

Fornonmetallic,lowfrictionsupportmaterialsonsteel,thefrictioncoefficientmaybe
reducedbutnottobelessthan0,35andtothesatisfactionoftheindividualclasssociety.
Supportsaswellastheadjacentstructuresandsubstructuresaretobedesignedsuchthatthe
permissiblestressesaccordingto3.1.1arenotexceeded.
ForsubstructuresandadjacentstructuresofsupportssubjectedtohorizontalforcesPh,a
fatiguestrengthanalysisistobecarriedoutaccordingtotheindividualclassificationsocietys
rules.
6.2.3

Hatch cover stoppers

Hatchcoversshallbesufficientlysecuredagainsthorizontalshifting.Stoppersaretobe
providedforhatchcoversonwhichcargoiscarried.
Thegreateroftheloadsresultingfrom2.2and6.2.1istobeappliedforthedimensioningof
thestoppersandtheirsubstructures.
Thepermissiblestressinstoppersandtheirsubstructures,inthecover,andofthecoamingsis
tobedeterminedaccordingto3.1.1.Inaddition,theprovisionsin6.2.2aretobeobserved.
7

Corrosion addition and steel renewal

7.1

Corrosion addition for hatch covers and hatch coamings

Thescantlingrequirementsoftheabovesectionsimplythefollowinggeneralcorrosion
additionstS:

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S21A

Tab. 9 Corrosion additions tS for hatch covers and hatch coamings

S21A
(cont)

Application
Weather deck hatches of
container ships, car carriers,
paper carriers, passenger
vessels

Structure
Hatch covers
Hatch coamings
Hatch covers in general

Weather deck hatches of all

other ship types covered by
this UR

Weather exposed plating and bottom

plating of double skin hatch covers
Internal structure of double skin
hatch covers and closed box girders
Hatch coamings not part of the
longitudinal hull structure
Hatch coamings part of the
longitudinal hull structure
Coaming stays and stiffeners

7.2

tS [mm]
1,0
according to individual
class societys rules
2,0
1,5
1,0
1,5
according to individual
class societys rules
1,5

Steel renewal

Forsingleskinhatchcoversandfortheplatingofdoubleskinhatchcovers,steelrenewalis
requiredwherethegaugedthicknessislessthantnet+0,5mm.Wherethegaugedthicknessis
withintherangetnet+0,5mmandtnet+1,0mm,coating(appliedinaccordancewiththe
coatingmanufacturersrequirements)orannualgaugingmaybeadoptedasanalternativeto
steelrenewal.CoatingistobemaintainedinGOODcondition,asdefinedinURZ10.2.1.2.
Fortheinternalstructureofdoubleskinhatchcovers,thicknessgaugingisrequiredwhen
hatchcovertoporbottomplatingrenewalistobecarriedoutorwhenthisisdeemed
necessary,atthediscretionoftheindividualclasssocietyssurveyor,onthebasisofthe
platingcorrosionordeformationcondition.Inthesecases,steelrenewalfortheinternal
structuresisrequiredwherethegaugedthicknessislessthantnet.
ForcorrosionadditiontS=1,0mmthethicknessforsteelrenewalistnetandthethicknessfor
coatingorannualgaugingiswhengaugedthicknessisbetweentnetandtnet+0,5mm.

End of
Document

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