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Technical Glossary

Adaptive Technology Resource


Centre
Faculty of Information
University of Toronto
Accessible Online Learning Tools .................................................6
Points to ponder - Questions to consider when shopping for Accessible
Online Learning Tools - Online Education Sources...................................6
Solutions.................................................................................................. 6
Web Resources.......................................................................................8

Alternative Keyboards .................................................................9


Points to Ponder - Questions to consider when shopping for an
alternative keyboard................................................................................9
Non-Keyboard Based Enhancements:......................................................9
Other Free Enhancements - Windows....................................................10
Other Free Enhancements - Macintosh..................................................10
Alternative Keyboards............................................................................10
Miscellaneous Keyboard Enhancers.......................................................11
Resources.............................................................................................. 12

Alternative Mouse Systems ........................................................13


Points to ponder - Questions to consider when shopping for an
alternative mouse system......................................................................13
Mouse Devices - ....................................................................................13
Mouse Control Software.........................................................................15

Animated Signing Characters (also called Signing Avatars) .........16


Points to Ponder - Questions to consider when shopping for Animated
Signing Characters.................................................................................16
Windows Solutions.................................................................................16

Braille Embosser .......................................................................17


Points to ponder - Questions to consider when shopping for a braille
embosser...............................................................................................17
Embossers..............................................................................................17
Braille Translation Software...................................................................18
Miscellaneous Braille Computer Based Products....................................18

Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) .................................................20


Points to ponder - Questions to consider when shopping for a Closed
Circuit Television....................................................................................20
In-Line CCTV's........................................................................................20
Out-of-line CCTV's..................................................................................21
CCTVs that use Computer Monitors.......................................................22
Hand Held CCTV's..................................................................................23
Portable CCTVs.......................................................................................24

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Display-based Personal Data Assistants .....................................26
Points to Ponder - Questions to consider when shopping for a display-
based personal data assistant...............................................................26
Mainstream PDAs and their associated operating systems....................26
Other portable notetaking devices ( keyboard based )..........................27
Accessibility add-ons for mainstream PDAs:..........................................27
PDAs designed specifically for users with disabilities.............................28
Resources.............................................................................................. 28

Electronic Aids to Daily Living Systems .......................................29


Points to ponder - Questions to consider when shopping for an Electronic
Aid for Daily Living.................................................................................29
Products.................................................................................................29

Haptic Devices ..........................................................................32


Two Dimensional Devices......................................................................32
Three Dimensional Devices....................................................................32
Resources.............................................................................................. 33

Linux Accessibility .....................................................................34


Screen Readers......................................................................................34
Alternative Input....................................................................................34
Screen Magnification..............................................................................34
On-screen Keyboard...............................................................................34
Braille Support.......................................................................................34
Optical Character Recognition...............................................................35
Voice Recognition..................................................................................35
Resources.............................................................................................. 35

Non-Display based Personal Digital Assistant .............................36


Points to ponder - Questions to consider when shopping for a personal
data assistant.........................................................................................36
Note Takers for People with Visual Disabilities.......................................36
Electronic Dictionaries...........................................................................37
Personal Organizers...............................................................................38
E-Text Readers.......................................................................................38

On-Screen Keyboards ................................................................39


Points to Ponder - Questions to consider when shopping for or choosing
an onscreen keyboard............................................................................39
Windows Solutions.................................................................................39
Macintosh Solutions...............................................................................40

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Unix/Linux Solutions...............................................................................41
Resources.............................................................................................. 41

Optical Character Recognition / Reading Software .......................41


Points to ponder - Questions to consider when shopping for an optical
character recognition device..................................................................41
Products:................................................................................................42
Traditional OCR equipment....................................................................42
Non-Roman Language OCR equipment ................................................42
Commercial OCR equipment .................................................................42
Alternative Scanning Devices.................................................................43
Tutorials.................................................................................................43
eText Resources.....................................................................................43

Refreshable Braille Display ........................................................44


Points to ponder - Questions to consider when shopping for a
refreshable Braille display......................................................................44
Refreshable Braille Displays...................................................................44

Screen Magnifiers .....................................................................46


Points to ponder - Questions to consider when shopping for screen
magnification software...........................................................................46
Screen Magnification Software - Windows 95/98/ME and Windows
NT/2000................................................................................................. 46
Screen Magnification Software - Macintosh............................................47
Screen Enhancement Software..............................................................47
Resources.............................................................................................. 48

Screen Readers and Talking Browsers ........................................49


Points to ponder - Questions to consider when shopping for a screen
reader or talking browser.......................................................................49
Screen Readers......................................................................................49
Talking Browsers....................................................................................50

Speech Synthesizer ...................................................................51


Hardware Synthesizers..........................................................................51
Software Synthesizers............................................................................52

Switches ...................................................................................53
Points to ponder - Questions to consider when shopping for switches...53
Switches and their manufacturers.........................................................53
Accessories............................................................................................54

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Talking Browsers and Email software .........................................55
Text to Speech .........................................................................................55
Points to ponder - Questions to consider when shopping for text-to-
speech software.....................................................................................55
Windows Based Software.......................................................................55
Macintosh Based Software.....................................................................57
Stand Alone Text to Speech Tools..........................................................57
Resources .............................................................................................58

Voice Output Communication Aids ..............................................59


Points to ponder - Questions to consider when shopping for a Voice
Output Communication Aid....................................................................59
Communication Aids..............................................................................59
Hand-Held Communication Aids.............................................................61
Resources.............................................................................................. 62

Voice Recognition ......................................................................63

Word Prediction ........................................................................67


Points to ponder - Questions to consider when shopping for word
prediction software................................................................................67
Windows.................................................................................................67
Macintosh...............................................................................................68
Resources.............................................................................................. 69

5
Accessible Online Learning
Tools

These are not only online education sources, but also other
resources and programs related to online learning tools and
accessible learning resources in general.

The Internet is not only a vast storehouse of information on most


conceivable subjects, but also an interactive environment in which users can
request and obtain information from each other, regardless of their location
or circumstances. More importantly, the Internet's capability to operate in
different modalities ensures that if sites are correctly designed, users with
disabilities will not be left out; they will be able to access information
effectively and efficiently, in a forum adapted especially for their needs.
Internet classes are often more accessible than traditional classroom
settings, removing barriers typically faced by those with disabilities. The
following is a list not only of online education sources, but also of other
resources and programs related to online learning tools and accessible
learning resources in general.

Points to ponder - Questions to consider when


shopping for Accessible Online Learning Tools -
Online Education Sources

What is the cost, and is it calculated by program or course?


Are the credits transferable to your place of education?
What is the time commitment necessary for the class or classes?
Is the curriculum geared specifically toward users with disabilities?
If not, are special allowances made?
How easy (and fast) is it to get in touch with a live person?

Solutions

Blackboard

o Blackboard is a leading provider of e-Education enterprise


software applications and services. Consisting of five software
applications bundled in two suites, the Blackboard Academic
Suite and the Blackboard Commerce Suite, these products are
licensed on a renewable basis.

WorldWideLearn

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o WorldWideLearn: The World's Directory of Online Courses,
Online Learning and Online Education- - the world's 'largest
directory of online courses, accredited online degrees,
continuing education, online training, and online education.'
This site has links to courses, accredited degree programs,
certificates, professional continuing education and learning
resources in 144 subject areas, and allows you to find
workshops and tutorials in addition to regular course material.

Apex Learning

o Apex Learning - Online Learning Solutions for K-12 Institutions -


Not only offers courses in a virtual school environment, but
also provides teachers with online teaching resources and
evaluation methodology, researches the schools' funding
status and assists in the online registration policy, among other
things.

EASI (Equal Access to Software and Information)

o The 'premier provider of online training on accessible


information technology for persons with disabilities,' EASI not
only has links to online education sites, but also offers
captioning and transcription services, e-textbooks and more.
o From EASI - Equal Access to Software & Information

Barrier-free e-Learning

o This course is offered by EASI, and taught by Professor Norman


Coombs, its CEO. The course deals with inclusivity and
accessibility in an online education setting, and how to avoid
barriers by choosing the correct e-learning system.
o From EASI - Equal Access to Software & Information

eCollege

o eCollege 'partners with colleges, universities, K-12 school


districts and corporate training organizations to design, build
and support eLearning communities.' On this site is a
searchable database of programs and courses, resources for
educators, upcoming conference listings, and more.
o From eCollege

Online-Learning.com

o Offers 'instructor-led, assignment-based online courses for


technical writers, information designers and web authoring
professionals,' free previews of actual course materials, and
consultation with experts.
o Contact Online-Learning.com

ATutor

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o ATutor is an Open Source Web-based Learning Content
Management System (LCMS) designed with accessibility and
adaptability in mind. ATutor is the first inclusive LCMS,
complying with the W3C WCAG 1.0 accessibility specifications
at the AA+ level. ATutor has also adopted the IMS/SCORM
Content Packaging specifications, allowing content developers
to create reusable content that can be swapped between
different e-learning systems

Web Resources

Classes in Special Education - These inexpensive online courses


instruct people in matters of special education and disabilities.
'The Work of Education in the Age of E-College,' by Chris Werry - - On
the website First Monday, a peer-reviewed Internet journal. The
article 'outlines some of the main players and positions involved in
debates about online education, and suggests some strategies that
academic groups ought to explore.' First Monday:
http://www.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/index
VNU Business Media website: has changed to
http://www.trainingmagevents.com
'An Overview of Online Learning,' by Saul Carliner - at Google Book
Search. This book best suits those with prior education training who
seek to expand their knowledge base. However, it still provides a
general outline of the purposes and features of online education, for
those interested.
IMS Guidelines for Developing Accessible Learning Applications -
These guidelines were designed to 'provide a framework for the
distributed learning community. This framework will set the stage for
what solutions currently exist, what the opportunities and possibilities
are for implementing them, and the areas where more development
and innovation are still needed in educational technologies to ensure
education that is truly accessible to anyone, anytime, anywhere.'
Training Conference and Expo - This annual conference takes place
only in Febuary, but this site has links to certificate programs that
can be obtained online, links to other conferences, and more.
SofDesign Dyslexia Training - From this site you can order an
instructional supplemental videotape series for students with
dyslexia, or a specially adapted keyboard. Also available is software
specifically designed for improving academic skills.
Edmark - Developer of children's educational software. This site has
many free downloads available, as well as some online educational
games.
Little Fingers Software Online - Online educational software for
children, and CD-ROM Classroom series. (Note: Not Windows XP-
compatible)
Online Learning Update - This site lists online learning news and
research, as well as papers on the subject of online learning.

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Alternative Keyboards

Alternative keyboard layouts and other enhancements allow people


who experience difficulty with conventional keyboard designs to
use computers.

Alternative keyboard layouts and other enhancements allow people who


experience difficulty with conventional keyboard designs to use computers.
The products available range from keyguards that prevent accidental key
activation, to alternative keyboards with differing layouts, sizes, etc. for
people who have specific needs. Additionally, there are alternative input
systems which require other means/methods of getting information into a
computer (e.g. on-screen keyboards, switches or speech based input).

Points to Ponder - Questions to consider when


shopping for an alternative keyboard

Is it compatible with your computer's platform? (and does it require a


separate interface to work?)
Is it programmable?
What kind of connection is it? (USB, keyboard port, PS2, etc)
Is it QWERTY, ABC or Dvorak layout? (can it be adjusted?)
Is the keyboard design fixed, split or adjustable?
Is a keyguard needed? Is it available?
Are the keys recessed or do they protrude?
Is it handheld?
Is the angle of the keyboard adjustable?
Does it have its own mount?
Does it have different overlays?
How much force is required for key activation?

Non-Keyboard Based Enhancements:

Windows 95/98/ME and Windows NT 4.x/2000 (since 1995), as well as Apple


operating systems (since 198?), come with accessibility features most
people are unaware exist. Not only do they help those people with a
disability or injury to access the vast resources of a computer, but they can
help anyone interact quickly and more easily.
Windows Operating Systems (Win98-XP): To open the "Accessibility Options"
folder : From the Start menu choose "Settings" then select "Control Panel"
from the sub-menu, you will be prompted with a new window displaying
control panel options. The Accessibility Options folder is represented by an
accessibility icon. With computers using Windows operating systems the

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Accessibility Options are usually pre-installed. Additional information is
available from the Microsoft Accessibility Site.
Windows Vista: The Accessibility Options have been renamed the "Ease of
Access Centre". Full instructions on the new accessibility features may be
found on the Microsoft Accessibility Site.
MAC (Apple) Operating Systems: Select "Control Panel" from the main menu
the "Easy Access" folder is represented by an accessibility icon. As it is the
first icon in this Window, pressing the Home key should take you to it if your
focus is not already on it by default. Full information on Apple's approach to
accessibility may be found on the Apple Accessiblity Site.

Other Free Enhancements - Windows

AccessDOS for DOS


o provides features including Stickykeys, Repeatkeys, Slowkeys
and Serial Keys
o download AccessDOS from the Trace centre.
Access Pack 2.0 for Windows 3.x
o provides the same features as AccessDOS (listed above)
o developed by the Trace "centre" for The Microsoft Corporation
o download Access Pack from the Trace "centre"'s site.

Other Free Enhancements - Macintosh

The MAC OS X Physical/Motor Accessibility page has a complete list of


OS X keyboard features e.g. Slow Keys, Sticky Keys, Keyboard Navigation
and Keyboard Settings.

Alternative Keyboards

BAT Personal Keyboard one handed keyboard


o includes ChordEasy software for creating macros
o call Infogrip Inc.
Big Keys standard size computer keyboards with very large keys.
o The keys are one-inch square -- 4 times bigger than the keys
on standard computer keyboards
o from the Big Keys Company
Comfort Keyboards
o Provider of various assistive technology products for people
with special needs and for preventing computer related
injuries.
DataHand Ergonomic Keyboard by DataHand Systems, Inc.
o The Ergonomic Keyboard is shaped to cradle the palm of your
hand to reduce the stresses to your hands
o Features QWERTY key layout, an onboard mouse, and is
available in three different models and in various sizes.
o Fingers remain on home-row keys to eliminate alignment errors
FlexiBoard - customizable alternative keyboard.
o customized overlay program is included
o call Zygo Industries, inc.

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Freedom Of Speech
o Provides a list of keyboards according to one's need
FrogPad - a one-handed keyboard
o can be used with USB Keyboard compatible PDA's, Pocket PCs,
Tablet and Wearable PC's, and other mobile applications, such
as portable laptops
Intellikeys for PC or Macintosh computers.
o expanded keyboard comes with a selection of keyboard layouts
o customized overlay program is separate
Lomak - a Light Operated Mouse and Keyboard that works with using
a head based laser that is only activated while pointed at the
keyboard.
Magic Wand Keyboard for PC or Macintosh computers
o Pen-touch keyboard with mouse functions from In Touch
Systems
100% Touchless Keyboard

A unique keyboard that tracks any pointing device optically


using infrared sensors. Keyboards are available in a variety of
keyboard sizes. Connects via a PS2 cable.

Maltron Ergonomic Keyboard Specialists

The Maltron company manufactures a wide variety of molded


keyboards targetted to those with keyboarding injuries.

Datalux offers a variety of alternative and reduced sized keyboards

Jumbo XL Keyboard

o keyboard and educational software designed specifically for


kids.
o Durable, colour coded keys, easy to use
Kinesis offers alternate keyboards for Windows, Macintosh, Sun and
USB systems
TypeMatrix ergonomic and dvorak keyboards
USB Mini from Tash Inc. - smaller one handed keyboard and uses
membrane surfaces rather than actual keys.

Miscellaneous Keyboard Enhancers

o Fentek Systems
key caps, key labels, "Happy Hacking Mini Keyboard,"
"Mini TouchPad Keyboard," "Mini Keyboard with full size
keys," or "Mini Keyboard with full size keys and built in
TouchPad" ; also a "Left Handed Keyboard/modular
keyboard" and other keyboard related products.
o IBM Space Saver II Keyboard
Keyboard - 6 pin mini-DIN (PS/2)
from IBM - search for Space Saver Keyboard on their web
site for different models
o My First Keyboard by Kidtech Inc.
allows only one response per touch, not a Qwerty layout

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o Step-On-It Keyboard Controls by Bilbo
o MiniMorse
there is no web information on this product, contact the
Bloorview-MacMillian Centre directly
Morse code based input system for Windows and
Macintosh computers
from Bloorview-MacMillian Centre

Resources

o Intellikeys Activity Exchange is a searchable archive of


intellikeys overlays.

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Alternative Mouse Systems

Alternative pointing devices, trackballs and keypads are used to


replace the mouse.

Alternative pointing devices are used to replace the mouse.


The keyboard keypad can function as a mouse using Mousekeys. Many of
the alternative keyboards have Mousekeys built in, so the keys on the
keyboard can toggle between text input or mouse input.
A Trackball separates the movement of the pointer from the mouse clicks,
especially useful for those who have less fine motor control and for those
who find a sustained grip on the traditional mouse uncomfortable. Many
trackballs offer the left and right mouse buttons plus one or two more which
can be programmed to be a double click or 'click and drag' functions. Many
local computer vendors stock trackballs--the programmable ones are also
available from assistive technology vendors.
For those unable to use a traditional mouse or trackball, one to 5 switches
may be programmed to allow the user to move the pointer and 'click'.
Finally, mouse input can also be given by high tech pointing devices, which
transmit the location of a transmitter or reflective dot on the user's head to
the computer system, or follow the movement of the users eye. Separate
switches or just dwelling on a location are used for mouse clicks and drags.
These devices are frequently used with on-screen keyboards for text input
by people with limited movement due to quadriplegia or muscular
dystrophy.

Points to ponder - Questions to consider when


shopping for an alternative mouse system

Is it compatible with your computer's platform?


Does it use eye/head tracking, foot pedals, or sip and puff, or is it
handheld?
If handheld, is it a mouse, joystick, trackball, touch screen or pen?
Does it allow tactile feedback?
Does it have voice input control?

Mouse Devices -

Kensington - a large company that produces many mice and trackball


solutions. One long standing favorite is the Expert Mouse trackball.
The expert mouse uses a large trackball and supports four
programmable buttons.

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SmartNav for PC or Mac
o Hands-Free mouse replacement tracks motion of dot made of
special material
o Dot can be attached to glasses, a headset, or the skin
o Can be calibrated so that very little head movement is required
o Mouse clicks accomplished through dwell, switch activation, or
speech commands.
"HeadMouse" for PC's or Macs

o Head motion controlled functions with or without wired headset
o Includes on-screen keyboard software
o From Origin Instrument Corporation
"Tash Mouse Mover" by Synapse Adaptive
o This device is suitable for people who cannot control the
standard computer mouse, but can use single or multiple
switches for access
"TouchWindows,"
o TouchWindows for Windows or Mac
o Controls mouse functions, and emulates mouse clicks
o From Edmark Corporation
"Tracker" and "Wireless/Wired Switch Interface" from Madentec for
Mac or PC
o Tracks head movement to control mouse functions with on-
screen keyboard
o Small base unit can use head movements for mouse button
activation
"Cross Scanner"
o Software for single switch control of mouse pointer
o From R. J. Cooper and Associates
ERICA
o After a quick calibration, users have complete control over the
system with their eye
Rollermouse by Contour Design
o an innovative new alternative to the traditonal computer
mouse. The RollerMouse can be controlled with thumb or
fingertip motion using either hand. Programmable buttons and
a scroll wheel speed up repetitive functions, and optical
technology ensures precise control of cursor movement.
Cirque Corporation features other pointing devices such as the Easy
Cat
o Glide your finger over the small track pad surface to control
cursor movement with the GlidePoint
"Gus! Dwell Cursor" for Windows
o For anyone who can move the cursor but has difficulty pressing
buttons.
o Download a trial version from Gus Communications, Inc .
"Jouse 2"
o Joystick based system for head/mouth control of mouse and
keyboard for PC's
"Joystick-To-Mouse" and "JAMBOX" for PC's
o "Joystick-To-Mouse" lets any off-the-shelf joystick run Windows
like a mouse

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o "JAMBOX" allows any type of external switch to activate or
over-ride joystick buttons
o Contact: Innovation Management Group, Inc.
Logitech
o Logitech produces a broad range of mice, trackball and pen
based devices for mouse control.
o A wide variety of 3-button mice and trackballs, each with
unique features
o From Logitech
"Quick Glance System"
o Eyetracker. Place the cursor anywhere on the screen by looking
at the desired location.
o Perform mouse clicks with a slow eye blink or hardware switch.
o Contact EyeTech Digital Systems .
o
GO Optical Air Mouse
o Cordless mouse you can use on or off the desktop
o Contact Gyration

Mouse Control Software

Point 'n Click Virtual Mouse - a FREE stand-alone on-screen virtual


mouse designed for anyone with a disability that makes it difficult or
impossible to click a physical computer mouse.
Microsoft provides information regarding installation of Alternative
Mouse pointers for Windows 95/NT
o This page summarizes the use and instructions of the Microsoft
Alternative Mouse Pointers, which are easy to see mouse
pointer.

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Animated Signing Characters
(also called Signing Avatars)

Animated signing characters are a technology for


displaying signed communication without the necessity of
displaying a digitized video of a human signer.

Animated signing characters are a technology for displaying signed


communication without the necessity of displaying a digitized video of
a human signer. Instead, the systems use 3D animated figure, which can be
stored more efficiently than video. The characters can produce movement
of the fingers, hands, facial gestures, body movements, and co-signs, in
which two different words or ideas are signed at the same time. The
characters can be programmed to communicate in either a sign language
(e.g. ASL) or a signed communication systems (e.g. Exact Signed English).
Advances in graphics capabilities mean that personal computers are able to
produce this animation with much great clarity than in the past, when
transitions between the signs were rough and the hands had to return to a
central position between each sign.

Points to Ponder - Questions to consider when


shopping for Animated Signing Characters

Is your material suited to a personal or an impersonal medium?


(Human signers are usually best suited to communicating personally,
while animated characters may be best suited to communicating
impersonally)
Are there storage and/or bandwidth limitations for your material?
(When Animated Signing Characters are encoded by markup, they
use less storage and bandwidth than digitized videos of human
signers)
Will your material be periodically updated? (Animated signing
character systems may be easier to update than video material that
must be re-shot with a human signer)
Will the appeal of an animated character add to the effectiveness of
your material? (e.g. Children may find the animation appealing)

Windows Solutions

Sign Smith by VCom3D


o An educational software program for signers focused on
English literacy, reading comprehension, and vocabulary.
o Is used to add sign language to curriculum materials.
Vcommunicator Authoring Suite by VCom3D
o Allows customers to develop 3D characters and animations.

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o Files are exportable to a variety of applications across multiple
platforms including mobile devices.
Signing Science by TERC

o A set of online educational materials for elementary and
intermediate school science classes.
o Much of the material is presented by both text and an
animated signing character.
o Requires a plug-in from VCom3D.

Braille Embosser

A Braille Embosser is a hardware device for "printing" a


hard copy of electronic text documents in Braille.

A Braille Embosser is a hardware device for "printing" a hard copy of a text


document in Braille. A Braille translation software program is required to
translate the text from the computer into Braille. Most Braille translation
software programs can translate material into several grades or versions of
Braille. There is also a new Music Braille software program as well as
scanning software to scan Braille into a computer and have it displayed or
translated into text.

Points to ponder - Questions to consider when


shopping for a braille embosser

Is it compatible with your computer's platform?


How does it connect to your computer?
What is its embossing speed (measured in characters per second, or
CPS)?
Is the height of the characters adjustable?
Is it stationary or portable?
How loud is it? Do you need a soundproof case?
Does it print single-sided or double-sided?
Does it allow you to work in both print and Braille?

Embossers

Enabling Technologies manufacture the following Braille Embossers:


o Romeo 25 - 40 characters of Standard Braille per line, 25
characters per second, ET Speech and single sheet tractors are
no longer available on the Romeo 25
o Romeo Pro 50 - 50 characters per second, includes ET Speech,
single sheet tractors

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o Thomas - single side Braille embossing, 40 characters per
second
o Juliet Classic - double sided printing, up to 55 characters per
second, extra wide Braille line [up to 56 characters per line]
o Juliet Pro - comes with ET Speech and single sheet tractors, up
to 55 characters per second, extra wide Braille line [up to 56
characters per line]
o Juliet Pro 60 - 40 characters per line, 60 characters per second
Freedom Scientific offers the Braille Blazer and VersPoint Duo Braille
Embosser along with a variety of accessories for use with computers
and their line of Notetakers
The Mountbatten Brailler is available from Quantum Technologies
Sighted Electronics, Inc., Email: sighted@idt.net
Index Braille whose primary focus is industrial Braille Embossing
machines, do have a few "personal" models and the WinBraille
translation software [see Braille Translation software below] (to
access the websites for all Index Braille products you must follow the
links from their homepage & for Embossers click on the 'Embosser
Products' link)
o Everest - industrial Braille embosser double sided Braille printer
for cut sheet paper.
o Index 4x4 Pro - another industrial Braille embosser
o Basic S/D [more personal size embosser] - high speed double
sided embossing in a smaller size
View Plus Technologies Inc - manufacturers of: TigeR Braille Embosser
Series and Emprint TM the full colour Braille printer.

Braille Translation Software

Duxbury Braille Translation software from Duxbury


o also from Duxbury is MegaDots Braille Translation for DOS
o Duxbury Braille Board for easy translation and making of signs
o TGD Pro (Tactile Graphics Designer) Pro
o A few Braille freeware downloads
BRLTTY - Access Software for Unix for a Blind Person Using a Soft
Braille Terminal
o provides access to the Linux console
WinBraille Braille editor based on Windows drivers - comes with the
Basic S Embosser but will work with all modern Index Embossers (to
access the websites for all Index Braille products you must follow the
links from their homepage & for WinBraille click on the 'software
products' link)

Miscellaneous Braille Computer Based Products

Enabling Technologies "TransSend" puts Braille and print together on


the same page
GOODFEEL Braille Music program from Dancing Dots who also make:
CakeTalking a CakeTalk tutorial with scripts for JAWS for Windows to
be used with the CakeWalk application
Tack-Tiles - English, French, German, Italian and Spanish literary
braille code, and Music, Nemeth math and Computer braille code sets
are available

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Repro-Tronics Inc. (rti)
o Tactile Image Embosser - use photocopier or China marker and
then one-pass through the embosser produces tactile images
o Total Graphics Solution - integrated system of hardware and
software for design and output of audio-tactile graphics
o Hungry Fingers - An educational tool for explaining the relation
between 3 dimensional models and 2 dimensional drawings.
Easily transforms models of different objects into tactile
outlines, helping a blind learner understand what happen when
a 3 dimensional object is represented as graphics on a flat
sheet of paper."

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Closed Circuit Television
(CCTV)

Closed Circuit Televisions (CCTV's) allow users to quickly


magnify any objects placed under a camera unit. CCTV's
vary in size from portable pocket-sized units to stationary
cameras with large displays.

A Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) is a video magnification system consisting


of a video screen interfaced with a video camera. Video magnification is
achieved in two ways: 1) the electronic conversion from the small camera
image to the larger display screen and 2) the optical effect of the cameras
zoom lens. The stand mounted CCTVs can be configured with either
television receivers, video monitors, or computer monitors. The image
magnified on the CCTV's display may provide enhanced contrast and
brightness, inverse video display, gray scale, false colours, and natural
colours.

Points to ponder - Questions to consider when


shopping for a Closed Circuit Television

Do you need a portable, or stationary unit? Portable units generally


have much smaller displays making lengthy reading tasks more
difficult.
What display features are needed? Is it easier to read standard or
reversed polarity text? Are certain colour contrasts easier to read, or
is there the need for seeing true colours (such as when reading maps
and pie charts)
Is it an "in-line" or "out-of-line" model? Does it connect to your
computer?
What size and resolution is the screen?
If it connects to your computer, does it have split screen capabilities?
Is it portable?
If portable, does it have its own power supply and built in display?

In-Line CCTV's

These are the "traditional" models of CCTVs. The monitor or video display is
mounted over the camera. Some people consider these kinds of CCTVs if
space is an issue, or if they do not need a 21" video display/television. If you
are shopping for a CCTV, take a look at your needs and the configuration of
the CCTV. Also take into consideration whether you will be able to write
comfortably using a particular type of CCTV.

20
Optelec offers a number of "in-line" models with colour displays, LCD
and standard CRT monitors and other display options.
o Clearview+ 19" colour TFT monitor
o Clearview+ 17" colour TFT monitor
o Clearview+ 17" colour CRT monitor
o Clearview+ 17" black/white CRT monitor
Clarity Solutions offers the Clarity Tablemate in-line CCTV. This CCTV
accommodates a variety of monitor sizes. Also available in optional
15" or 20" flat LCD screen.
HumanWare - offers a broad range of in-line CCTV models with LCD
and CRT monitors and other display options.
o SmartView Xtend [colour] - offers 19" adjustable flat screen
monitor; brightness control; basic black and white to full colour
option; and upgradeable to suite your needs
Module 1 - enhances the usability of the SmartView
Xtend giving you more viewing options through a remote
control; includes line markers and masking and
magnification preset.
Module 2 - allows users to perform simple equations and
keep track of the day, date and time. Plus all the
features of module 1.
Module 3 - All the features of module 1 and module 2
plus all the power of being connected to a PC. Includes
SmartView/PC toggle, SmartView/PC split screen and
multiple video modes.
o SmartView 5000 [colour] - accommodates a variety of monitor
sizes (15"-21"); pre-set magnification control; and sixteen
colored background/foreground combinations.
o Smartview 5000KP - same features of SmartView 5000 plus
the Smart KeyPad, which allows you to display windowing and
linemarkers, the time, day, date and a four function calculator
in large print on your screen at the touch of a button. Optional
Smart PC access kit allows you to share functions with your
existing computer monitor alternate between objects you are
viewing on your SmartView and computer.
TeleSensory International offers the Aladdin series of in-line CCTV's
with various display configurations.
o Classic [black and white] - white text on black and black text
on white; 14" CRT display
o Ultra [black and white] - white text on black and black text on
white; 17" CRT display
o Sunshine [colour] - white text on black and black text on white;
3 colour select mode; 14" CRT display
o Rainbow Elite [colour] - white text on black and black text on
white; 3 colour select mode; line markers and shadow masking;
14" CRT display;
o Apex [colour] - adjustable 17" or 20" flat panel monitor, 24
colour select options, line markers and shadow masking

Out-of-line CCTV's

These models have a camera unit and generally use a television as their
display. They are not "portable" in the sense that the camera unit is a full

21
size camera and the devices are meant to be used on a desk. The camera
unit would sit beside the monitor, or "out of line." You can have a wooden
bridge made for the video display/monitor to make it "in-line" as generally
the camera unit will not support the weight of a 21" television monitor.

Ash Technologies
o Prisma [colour] - offers white text on black and black text on
white; focus and brightness control; and folds into a compact,
transportable configuration.
HumanWare offers the SmartView 7000 colour CCTV. This CCTV
features black text on white and white text on black; automatic
focus; pre-set magnification control; hand-held zoom control; and
sixteen colored background/foreground combinations.
TeleSensory International makes the following out-of-line models - all
have reverse polarity [colour and black text on white or white text on
black]:
o Genie Pro - offers twenty-four background/foreground color
combinations; vertical or horizontal line markers and shadow
masking; and computer compatible
o Atlas 610 - simple and easy to use controls; and auto focus
OVAC Incorporated makes the following out-of-line models - all have
reverse polarity [black text on white or white text on black]
o ZACC - [colour] - offers a small keypad with 4 simple push
buttons; and automatic focus
o ZACC B&W - [black and white] - offers a small keypad with 3
simple push buttons; and automatic focus

CCTVs that use Computer Monitors

These CCTVs connect to a computer monitor. They are not interchangeable


with a television, they are made for integration with a computer monitor.
They offer access to either the print material, the computer application, or
both using a split screen function.

HumanWare makes the following models to use with your computer -


all have reverse polarity [black text on white or white text on black]:
o SmartView 3000 [colour] - manual focus; vertical and
horizontal line markers and blinds; sixteen colored
background/foreground combinations; displays PC and camera
images alternately
o SmartView 8000 [colour] - vertical and horizontal line markers
and blinds; pre set magnification control; sixteen colored
background/foreground combinations; split screen allows you
to display SmartView images and computer images
independently or simultaneously either vertically or
horizontally;
o SmartView Xtend: Module 3 upgrade - see above for product
description
TeleSensory International makes the following models that use your
computer monitor - all have reverse polarity [black text on white or
white text on black]:
o Aladdin Genie Pro [colour] - see above for product description

22
o Atlas 710 [colour] - offers black text on white and white text on
black; 3 colour select modes;
Optelec offers the Clearview+ Computer Compatible colour CCTV. It
features a one button control system; an easy glide platform with
electronic brake; and an optional Advanced Feature Pack.

Hand Held CCTV's

A "hand-held" CCTV is not always "portable." The models below depend on


the use of a television. While this may appear to be portable, some hotels
will not allow you to disconnect their cable systems to use the device or you
may not always have access to a television when you need to read print
material. You also need to check and make sure you can write under a
handheld CCTV if this is one of your needs. Generally, the ability to write
using a hand held or portable CCTV is not as functional as with in-line or out-
of-line models - make sure you do your research before you buy!

Ash Technologies
o TVi Color - features a hand-held electronic magnifier with black
text on white and white text and black modes.
Clarity Solutions offers various products that all offer colour, black
and white and inverse modes, auto focusing, a flexible arm as well as
distance viewing. These include:
o Flex Mate - desktop viewing on a 14" arm
o Clarity Deskmate - connects to 17" display
o Clarity Deskmate Plus - combines the Deskmate with an
intergrated 4 hour battery
Enhanced Vision Services makes the following colour models - all
have reverse polarity [black text on white or white text on black]
o MAX - uses a hand-held portable device to magnify images on
any straight or curved surface; 4 viewing modes with a push of
a button; and computer compatible as well.
o Flipper - distance, intermediate and near viewing capabilities;
features 4 viewing modes; 225 degree camera rotation;
computer compatible as well
Magni-Cam products from Magni-Cam - black and white and colour
o can be used with either a Head Mounted Display system or a
Flat Screen Display system
o [from their web site: Each Portable system requires the basic
Magni-Cam electronic magnifier. Either a 25 ounce portable
monitor, or a 7 ounce head mounted display can be plugged
directly into the Magni-Cam's video processor, eliminating the
need for a television set. A specially designed battery power
supply makes either system independent of external
power.]black and white or colour models
o for use with a television
OVAC Incorporated makes the following models that use your
computer monitor - all have reverse polarity [black text on white or
white text on black]
o Color-Eye - [colour] for use with the Flex Arm Mount or without,
connects to television, weighs 8 ounces on its own, 2 pounds
with Flex Arm and carrying case

23
o Golden-Eye - [black and white] for use with the Flex Arm Mount
or without, connects to television, weighs 8 ounces on its own,
2 pounds with Flex Arm and carrying case

Portable CCTVs

These CCTVs can be considered "portable" in that you do not have to use a
television with them. You can purchase a display that will allow you more
independence of use. For example, you may be able to take them to a
library, conference, or to a classroom environment and use them when you
need to access print information.
Ash Technologies
o Liberty Solo - [full colour and black & white modes] with a 12"
display; various display modes; various magnification modes, up to 30x the
original size; monitor leans and slides for viewing at different angles;
handwriting stand included; weighs over 2 kg.
o Eclipse - [full colour and black & white modes] with a 17"
monitor that collapses on to a reading table for portability; 3X to 30X
continuous zoom.
o Quicklook Zoom [full colour] - includes a 4.3" LCD screen; 3x-
18x magnification range; high contrast with 56 colour options; 4 - 7 hours
batter life; and free frame capabilities.
Clarity Solutions makes the following models
o Clarity Junior - includes a 4" LCD screen; 3 hour battery life; 3x
- 9x magnification; and offers colour, black and white, inverse and colour
select mode.
o Clarity Carrymate - 9 hours of battery life with a 11" viewable
display. Offers same features of Flex Mate series (see above).
Enhanced Vision Services makes the following in-line models - all
have reverse polarity [black text on white or white text on black]
o MaxPort - glasses interface for displaying magnified
information, no need for a television or other display, completely portable,
three viewing options
o FlipperPort - [colour] glasses interface for displaying magnified
information, 4 ounce glasses, 225 degree camera rotation, multiple contrast
options, 3 hours of use with battery
o Flipper Panel - integrates Flipper's rotating camera with a 12"
LCD screen and a 5 hour battery life.
o Jordy - [colour] can be worn "like a pair of glasses" [from their
website], weighs under 10 ounces, CCTV capabilities with docking stand
o Nemo - 4" anti-glare LCD screen, 3 hour batter life, 6 viewing
modes and freeze frame capabilities
o Amigo - 6.5" viewable display, 1 lb, 6 viewing modes and
freeze frame capabilities
Optelec offers the following "hand held" or "semi-portable" models:

24
o Optelec Traveller - [colour and black & white modes] 4-16X
magnification on a 6.4" color screen, weighs 2 lbs, connects to a television
o Optelec Compact - Portable Electronic Magnifier [full colour and
black & white modes] 4X and 8X magnification modes on a 4" LCD screen,
weighs 10 ounces.
HumanWare makes the following models to use with your computer -
all have reverse polarity [black text on white or white text on black]:
o PocketViewer - [colour] - has reverse polarity [black text on
white or white text on black];portable and hand-held; battery operated.
o Mono PocketViewer - has reverse polarity [black text on white
or white text on black]; weighs 10 oz.; 1.5 hr batter life
TeleSensory International makes the following portable models - all
have reverse polarity [black text on white or white text on black]:
o Pico - [colour] weighs 10 ounces (0.28 kg), with different viewer
modes (positive & negative black and white or yellow on blue).
o Olympia - [colour] weighs 12.5 lbs. (1.14 kg) (you achieve
greater magnification levels by connecting the portable unit to any
compatible T.V. monitor.
o MiniViewer (no longer available from the Telesensory site but is
still on the market) - [black and white] weighs 1.76 lbs. (0.8 kg), can get a
battery pack, carrying case
Wat-Cam by Sight Enhancement Systems is a versatile, high
performance camera for class, work & home.
o A very rugged, self contained camera unit with up to 40x
magnification and freeze frame capabilities. The Wat-Cam will hook up to
your pc, monitor or television.
o Weighs only 650g

25
Display-based Personal Data
Assistants
Display-based Personal Data Assistants (or PDAs) are
handheld computers. PDAs were originally used mainly for
organizational purposes and acted as electronic day
planners, but new technology has led to their increased
usage in many different tasks that were formerly only
possible with a home computer.

Display-based Personal Data Assistants (or PDAs) are handheld computers


like the Palm or iPAQ. PDAs were originally used mainly for organizational
purposes such as acting as electronic day planners, but new technology has
led to their increased usage in many different tasks, formerly only possible
with a home computer. The organizational capabilities of a PDA alone may
be helpful for users with learning or cognitive disabilities, but there is also a
whole host of programs that make the PDA a useful device for users with
other disabilities. Mainstream PDAs are generally inaccessible for people
with visual disabilities, but they may be used by people with other
disabilities; there is an ever-growing range of software and add-on hardware
that can help make the devices more universally accessible. There are also
portable devices designed specifically for individuals with disabilities or
impairments, and those running Palm OS or Windows CE are listed in this
section. For other mobile devices designed for users with disabilities, our
technical glossary has two additional sections: Non-display-based Personal
Data Assistants and Voice Output Communication Aids.

Points to Ponder - Questions to consider when


shopping for a display-based personal data
assistant

Is it compatible with your home computer's platform?


Does it have expandable memory?
Does it have multi-language support?
Does it have an adjustable display?
Is there a range of accessibility add-ons available for the particular
model you are considering?

Mainstream PDAs and their associated operating


systems

The Palm Pilot uses the PalmOS as its operating system, and is
compatible with both Windows and Macintosh computers.
Casio's portable PCs use a range of operating systems, but none of
them are Mac compatible.

26
HP offers their HP iPAQ Pocket PC's series in a few different models.
There is also an HP iPAQ Pocket PC Buying Guide on the HP website.

Other portable notetaking devices ( keyboard based )

AlphaSmart is a provider of technology solutions for education and


productivity, focused on reducing the cost and complexity of computing.
AlphaSmart manufactures two products:
o Neo - a rugged, low-cost, lightweight, non-stop, power-writing
notepad that provides quick and easy writing access from any location.
o Dana - It is the combination of a full-size keyboard, the wide
screen and Palm OS, which provides much of the functionality of a laptop.
QuickPAD by QuickPAD Technology Corporation. QuickPAD IR and
QuickPAD PRO are designed to make mobile computing easy when it comes
to data entry tasks. Simple technology coupled with notebook applications
let you efficiently word and data process, manage and organize your
contacts, schedule appointments and more.
Perfect Solutions has produced LaserPC6, a simple and inexpensive
notetaking device. It has a large switchable display and 8 built-in programs
including a typing tutor and word prediction, plus a Text-to-Speech option.

Accessibility add-ons for mainstream PDAs:

TealPoint has designed a number of accessibility programs for palm


devices. These are all compatible with the Palm OS, but please note that
you should test these products on a palm device before you purchase
either. Also, TealMagnify has limited capabilities for magnification and may
not magnify in the manner you are used to on a PC.
o TealScript - fully configurable text recognition system,
replacing the standard Graffiti system of text input
o TealPaint - allows you to draw and manipulate images on your
palm device
o TealMagnify - allows you to magnify parts of your palm device
screen -you have to activate it by touching a small magnifying glass on the
screen, so it may not be the solution for people with visual disabilities.
o TealGlance - automatically shows you the time, current
appointments and other commonly used information, on start up
o TealAgent - formats local, network, and web-resident data for
viewing with Palm handhelds These products are shareware and are
available for a nominal charge.
The Nuance hardware compatibility feature allows you to find all the
Display Based PDA's and Mobility Devices that are compatible with any
Nuance Voice Recognition Software.
Matias has produced a half keyboard for use with a Palm OS PDA, PC
or Mac. This device may be useful for people with mobility in only one hand.
The AlphaPad, released by Input Technologies, is a Palm OS-
compatible program that utilizes both finger touch communication (using an

27
on-screen keyboard of only 12 keys) and word prediction software. This
could be useful for low-mobility users, although the touch-screen requires
fine motor skills.
WordLogic has developed "advanced text input software" for
handheld PDAs which is compatible with Windows CE. The WordLogic
keyboard has word prediction capabilities, adapts to new words, and
customizes itself according to most commonly used words. Its touch-screen
means that it is accessible only by users with fine motor skills, and the
colour scheme of the WordChunking feature may be similarly inaccessible
for users with vision impairment.
Textware Solutions has produced the FitalyStamp, an overlay that
covers the bottom of the Handspring Visor's screen. It replaces Graffiti as a
text input system; it also uses sliding (across keys) as a method of
capitalizing lowercase letters, which is a much faster and accessible method
than pressing Shift at the same time. It may take a while to become familiar
with this system, but it generally speeds rate of text input.
Thumbscript is a text entry system that uses a 9-button grid and is
compatible with Palm-based devices, telephones, television controllers and
eight-sided joysticks. Simple key combinations correspond to all characters
and functions on a standard keyboard. Using Thumbscript codes, e-mail can
be sent from any touch-tone phone (with paid Thumbmail service), and a 9-
button Feather-Touch Input Device can be purchased separately for your
home computer. For purchasing information, see the Yahoo! Thumbscript
store. To try the Thumbscript code for yourself to test its usability, try this
demo (Java required).

PDAs designed specifically for users with disabilities

DynaVox makes a line of portable communication devices. The latest


models, the iChat3 and Palmtop3 provide a small, lightweight
portable device with powerful communication abilities. The feature-
rich Impact communication software and sleek styling combine to
appeal to augmented communicators of all ages.
Dynavox also offers the Dynamo, a touch-screen portable
communication device, which has a built in universal remote control,
integrated microphone and speech output capability.

Resources

Are personal data assistants (PDAs) accessible?, from the National


Center on Accessible Information Technology in Education in
Washington
The PDA Buyer's Guide: A good resource containing reviews of
mainstream PDAs.
PDAGeek: Message boards, reviews, tips and tricks and more
concerning PDAs.

28
Electronic Aids to Daily Living
Systems

Electronic Aids for Daily Living (EADL) are simply devices,


or systems, that allow individuals to control facets of their
environment.

Electronic Aids for Daily Living (EADL), formerly "Environmental Control


Units (ECU)", are simply devices, or systems, that allow an individual to
control facets of their environment. EADL's systems are available as stand
alone units, or as integrated software using a personal computer. EADL/ECU
systems can be controlled by the user in a variety of ways. Some EADL/ECU
systems are voice activated, and others are switch activated.

Points to ponder - Questions to consider when


shopping for an Electronic Aid for Daily Living

Do you need a UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply)?


Do you require remote or indirect access to your EADL (something
other than your computer, radio-linked to the necessary appliances)?
Do you require voice activated access?

Products

Tongue Touch Keypad

fits into your mouth like an orthodontic retainer, and allows you to
control various electronic devices by tongue movement inside the
mouth. It is used by a variety of people that include: Quadriplegia
from spinal cord injury (C5 and above), Cerebral palsy, MD, MS and
other severely debilitating neuromuscular diseases.
from newAbilities System Inc.
Phone: (800) 829-8889

Voice Activated ECU, Switch Activated ECU, Voice & Switch Activated
ECU, Voice Mouse/Keyboard Controller

these ECU (Environmental Control Unit) are designed for accessing


one or more electrical devices via switches, voice activation, remote
control, computer interface, and other technological adaptations.
from Quartet Technology Incorporated
Email: mrourke@qtiusa.com

29
Tash Inc offers a number of Environmental Control Unit (ECU) Products
Packages -

appliance control for access to appliances and any switch-adapted


device.
Email: tashinc@aol.com

ActiveHome

works with your computer to run customized home lighting and


appliance routines
from X10 Wireless Technology, Inc.

First Aide Kit

provides an immediate, independent communication link after a


serious injury.
from ZYGO Industries, Inc.
Email: zygo@zygo-usa.com

GEWA PROG III

this small hand-held transmitter enables the user to operate and


control everything electrical in his/her environment.
from ZYGO Industries, Inc.
Email: zygo@zygo-usa.com

Speaker-Telephone

achieve independence with hands-free telephone access.


from ZYGO Industries, Inc. Email: zygo@zygo-usa.com

Elevator Control

Enables physically disabled individuals to access the elevator, open


the door, select the floor level
from ZYGO Industries, Inc.
Email: zygo@zygo-usa.com

CINTEX3

works with voice recognition systems (such as DragonDictate) or any


other keyboard replacement for operating your phone, electronics,
and switches.
from NanoPac, Inc.
Email: info@nanopac.com

ERICA
gives users the ability to communicate and to control a fully functional
computer
users have complete control over the system with their eye

30
Sicare Pilot

is a portable device used to control and operate numerous appliances


and devices and is activated totally hands free! You can use your
voice or an eyewink switch or similar technology to control your TV,
VCR, stereo, CD player, dial and answer the telephone, and more.
from NanoPac, Inc.
Email: info@nanopac.com

REACH (Remote Electronic Access & Control Hands-Free)

is a system that will allow you to control dozens of products in your


home
a large, but not bulky, screen so that you can actually see all the
commands available rather than memorizing the entire menu

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Haptic Devices

A haptic interface is a device which allows a user to interact with


a computer by receiving tactile feed back. This feedback is
achieved by applying a degree of opposing force to the user along
the x, y, and z axes.

The word "haptic" means "of or relating to or proceeding from the sense of
touch" (http://www.dict.org). A haptic interface is a device which allows a
user to interact with a computer by receiving tactile feed back. This
feedback is achieved by applying a degree of opposing force to the user
along the x, y, and z axes. These devices can be used by people with
disabilities or people who learn best through tactile or kinesthetic
experiences. The use of haptic devices that once were cost prohibitive but
now are incorporated into mainstream devices such as the iFeel Mouse and
the IFeel Mouseman, promote inclusion and acceptance of "adaptive"
technology into the "daily computer experience" of people with and without
disabilities.
There are two main types of haptic devices:

glove or pen-type devices that allow the user to "touch" and


manipulate 3-dementional virtual objects
devices that allow users to "feel" textures of 2-dementional objects
with a pen or mouse-type interface

The 3-demensional haptic devices can be use for applications such as


surgical simulations and remote operation of robotics in hazardous
environments.

The 2-demensional haptic devices can be used to aid computer users who
are blind or visually disabled; or who are tactile/Kinesthetic learners, by
providing a slight resistance at the edges of windows and buttons so that
the user can "feel" the Graphical User Interface (GUI). This technology can
also provide resistance to textures in computer images which enables
computer users to "feel" pictures such as maps and drawings.

Two Dimensional Devices

The WingMan Force Feedback Mouse and the iFeel mouse are some
of the haptic devices produced by Logitech.

Three Dimensional Devices

The Phantom Product Line - 3-dimensional pen-style haptic device


that "makes it possible for users to touch and manipulate virtual

32
objects (website)" - comes in five different models. From SensAble
Technologies.
CyberGrasp is a glove-style haptic interface that allows users to touch
computer-generated objects and experience realistic force feedbacks.

Resources

Haptic Applications to Virtual Worlds provides information about


haptic devices and how they relate to Virtual Reality Modeling Language
(VRML).
The Haptics Community Web Page is an excellent resource for
information and links to research projects. Also worth checking out is their
Photo Gallery.
Immersion Technologies is a good resource for information on haptic
technology.
Jerry Isdale's Haptic Links has numerous links to other resources and
research projects.

33
Linux Accessibility
Linux is a free, open-source Operating System distributed
under the Free Software Foundation's GNU General Public
License(GPL) that has grown in popularity in the past few
years. Because of the non-commercial nature of Linux, the
accessibility options can be hard to find. These links are a
starting point for Linux accessibility.

Linux is a free, open-source Operating System distributed under the Free


Software Foundation's GNU General Public License(GPL) that has grown in
popularity in the past few years. Because of the non-commercial nature of
Linux, the accessibility options can be hard to find. These links are a starting
point for Linux accessibility.

Screen Readers

Emacspeak is a speech interface that allows visually impaired users


to interact independently and efficiently with the computer.

Alternative Input

Morse All is a Morse code interface for Linux that allows the user to
interact with the computer by entering Morse code through the
buttons of a mouse.

Screen Magnification

XVI Terminal from BEAM - screen magnification and screen reading


software for Linux
GMag - screen magnification for the GNOME environment
o requires GNOME development environment to compile.
o Offers continuous magnification while you work
Gnopernicus - an integrated screen reader and magnifier for Gnome
and compatible applications

On-screen Keyboard

GOK
The GOK (GNOME On-screen Keyboard) project is an open source
software development project designed to create advanced
alternative input solutions for the linux/ unix environment.

Braille Support

BRLTTY - Access Software for Unix for a Blind Person Using a Soft
Braille Terminal

34
o provides access to the Linux console

Optical Character Recognition

Ocrad - "The GNU OCR" - based on a feature extraction method


Clara OCR - Windows X-based character recognition software
designed for large projects. *The Linux ClaraOCR website
is presently not working. It appears that the interface is
being updated. Only the 2003 version is available for download, from
the Clara geocities site
GOCR/JOCR - character recognition software designed to allow easy
porting to many Operating Systems.
o supports a large variety of image formats
o also available for free download in MS-DOS and Windows
versions
o still in development, not all features are fully supported

Voice Recognition

IBM's Via Voice for Linux (Beta version)

Resources

The ATRC also hosts the Linux Accessibility Resource Site:


http://larswiki.atrc.utoronto.ca/wiki/Software
The Linux Access HOW TO A very complete but dated resource for
adding accessibility to Linux.
Speakups Webpage documents speech output for Linux.
BLinux [Blind + Linux] - dedicated to improving access for Linux users
with visual disabilities
Screen Magnifiers List page for resources for Unix and Linux
GNOME Accessibility Project - A useful resource for news about
accessibility projects for GNOME. Includes some downloads.

35
Non-Display based Personal
Digital Assistant

Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) are portable computers that are


designed to act as organizers, note takers and/or communication
devices.

Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) are portable computers that are designed
to act as organizers, note takers and/or communication devices. Due to the
small physical size of these devices they often possess the latest and most
compact user interfaces such as touch screens, hand writing recognition, or
miniature keyboards [both on-screen and attached to the device]. There are
also a group of PDAs that are designed to be used by users with disabilities.
These PDAs use aural output, Braille displays and Braille keyboards to
comprise their user interface. This page focuses on proprietary accessiblity
devices, particularly those for the blind. For more information on accessiblity
on mainstream PDA devices, we have a seperate page: Display-Based
Personal Digital Assistants

Points to ponder - Questions to consider when


shopping for a personal data assistant

Does it have expandable memory?


Is there add-on software available for it?
Do you require multi-language support?
Do you require a Braille output option?
Do you require a one-handed option?

Note Takers for People with Visual Disabilities

Most of these devices have Braille input or output. There are some generic
note takers like the Alpha Smart that can be used by people who do not
have visual disabilities. Some portable note takers may act as refreshable
Braille displays for a computer systerm.
Freedom Scientific Blind, has the PACmate series to support portable
notetaking needs:
o These products have features such as calendars, scientific
calculators, multilingual support, word processing, address book, some have
Internet capabilities, can be connected to Braille embosser or printer, and
have accessories like external disk drives to transfer data to your desktop
PC

36
o Discontinued models of notetaking devices manufactured by
Freedom Scientific (such as the Type Lite and Braille Lite) may be purchased
from their Factory Reconditioned centre
o For more information e-mail info@freedomscientific.com
Artic Technologies has the following Braille note takers:
o Ergo Braille - web page says it is the smallest Braille computer
device - Grade 2 Braille input and synthesized speech output
o Braille Pad - slightly larger than the Ergo Braille but it has
additional style keys - also Grade 2 Braille input and synthesized speech
output
o Braille Desk 2000 - again, slightly larger than the Braille Pad
because it has a numeric keypad - also Grade 2 Braille input and
synthesized speech output
The BrailleNote Product line by HumanWare: features include
o Bluetooth and WiFi, e-mail, webbrowsing and online help
o Wordprocessing and personal organizing features
o Media Player and Visual Display for video connection in real-
time.
o Book Reader - E-Books in Standard braille (in any grade braille)

o ActiveSync for syncing info with your PC.


The PacMate by FreedomScientific - offers both QWERTY and braillle
input, and output via synthesized speech and/or braille.

Electronic Dictionaries

These dictionaries were chosen because they have speech output. This means
that not only can they be used by people with visual disabilities, but also by
people with learning disabilities or people who are aural learners.
Franklin Speaking Language "Master" by Franklin Electronic
Publishers
o Franklin makes portable spellcheckers, grammar checkers,
thesauruses, and dictionaries. These devices are useful to individuals with
learning or visual disabilities, due to its visual and auditory output. Franklin
products are also useful for children, as it contains a variety of educational
games which develop spelling, typing, and word identification skills.
o Other Franklin products include: Homework Wiz, Speaking
Homework Wiz
Language Teacher from Ectaco
o Talk to your classmates via the infrared port - includes my first
diary, my first organizer and scheduler plus learning games - wide variety of
languages and dictionaries
Miriam Webster Speaking Dictionary - definitions, thesaurus, learn a
word, games and crossword puzzles

37
Personal Organizers

There are many personal organizers on the market. These two products
have synthesized speech support.

"Voice Diary" from Voice Diary Ltd


o Voice Diary includes a calculator, appointment calendar, memo
pad, daily to do list, address book
o It is hand held, about the size of a glasses case

E-Text Readers

These devices allow you to take print material and access it either through
synthesized speech or in an audio format. they are not technically the
"eBooks" we have all heard about.

E-BookMan by Franklin Electronic Publishers

There are three versions of the product with different features and
price ranges
The eBooks for Download site supports eBookMan, Palm OS and
Windows CE
The following information is from the Franklin web site and is for the
lower priced model of the eBookMan:
o Download books to read or listen to audio books - thousands of
titles available now
o Large display for a great reading experience
o Download and enjoy your favorite music (supports MP3)
o Organize with Date Book, Address Book, To-Do Book
o 8MB RAM with MultiMediaCard expansion slot for additional
memory
o Synchronize with MS Outlook 2000 using Intellisync
technology
o Record and Playback voice memos
o Built-in Microphone, Speaker, and Headphone Jack
o Take notes in your own handwriting or use pop-up keyboard
o Includes protective cover, stylus, and USB connection (serial
cradle sold separately)

The Bookworm by Handy Tech

Weighs 14 oz., is a portable Braille reading device and walkman, runs


for more than 20 hours on batteries, has 8 cell display, for reading
eText, has only 4 keys

38
On-Screen Keyboards
An onscreen keyboard generally appears on the same
display used for programs and will remain permanently
visible. The keyboard can then be accessed using pointer
devices. In the simplest sense a pointer is a standard mouse,
but through the use of alternative pointer devices or
switches a large number of disabilities can be
accommodated.

A great number of people are unable, for various reasons, to use a standard
keyboard. These reasons can range from limited degree of movement or
motor control to low strength in the hands and fingers. For many people an
alternative physical keyboard can solve these problems, but for others the
best solution is to use a virtual or onscreen keyboard. An onscreen keyboard
generally appears on the same display used for programs and will remain
permanently visible. The keyboard can then be accessed using the pointer
device. In the simplest sense this means a standard mouse, but through the
use of alternative mouse devices or switches a large number of disabilities
can be addressed.

Points to Ponder - Questions to consider when


shopping for or choosing an onscreen keyboard

Does it support a large variety of input devices, including switches?


Have you considered whether it is an onscreen keyboard or an
alternative physical keyboard which will best suit your needs?
Is the layout customizable?

Windows Solutions

Windows XP On-screen Keyboard


o Windows XP actually has a very robust onscreen keyboard built
directly into it.
o The link above details how to access and use it.
Onscreen Virtual Keyboard
o A fully customizable commercial onscreen keyboard for
Windows 98(or more recent versions).
o Available for a free 30-day trial
SofType
o An onscreen keyboard for Windows 95(or more recent
versions).
o A free demo is available.
Visual Dynamic Keyboard (VDK)
o An onscreen keyboard developed by the Adaptive Technology
Resource Centre.
o Not currently available as a standalone technology.
o Integrated as part of Web-4-All.

39
OnScreen
o Onscreen is a graphical onscreen keyboard.
o It provides word completion and word prediction.
o It is fully customizable and supports macros.
o A free demo is available from their website.
WiVik
o Wivik is an onscreen keyboard that has existed for quite a long
time.
o It is customizable and supports word prediction and
abbreviation expansion.
o Wivik is available in 22 languages.
o A free demo can be downloaded from their website
Click-n-Type
o This is a free onscreen keyboard for Windows 95(or more
recent versions).
o It is customizable and provides foreign language support.
Virtual On-Screen Keyboard by MiloSoft
o A free onscreen keyboard for Windows
Reach Interface Author
o A customizable onscreen keyboard for Windows
o Provides macro support
o A free demo can be downloaded from the website.
Onscreen Keyboard
o A simple open source onscreen keyboard for Windows NT.
o Designed particularly with pen-based computing in mind
o Extremely minimalist in terms of features
Grid
o A customizable onscreen keyboard
o Provides predictive typing
o Provides smart menu scanning for faster program access
ERICA Keyboards
o Allows you to type messages and enter text into any program
running on your computer

Macintosh Solutions

Discover: Envoy for Mac


o Fully customizable onscreen keyboard with audio feedback
o Supports switch access as well as a variety of specialized
hardware.
Keystrokes 2 (Mac OS 7.1 to OS 9.2) and Keystrokes 3 (Mac OS 9 and
Mac OS X)
o Support customization, word prediction and multiple languages
SwitchXS (Mac OSX 10.2 or 10.3)
o Offers full mouse and keyboard emulation where user can
move the cursor, click, and type into all standard Mac
applications.
o Advanced control over features such as audio-cueing, speech-
cueing, key repeat, scanning speed and cycling, mouse speed
and movement
o Works with any HID compliant USB gamepad, joystick,
keyboard and also USB switch interfaces
Virtual Keyboard (Mac OS X)

40
o Offers point-and-click typing using pointing devices such as
head pointer, mouse,trackball, etc

Unix/Linux Solutions

GOK
The GOK (GNOME On-screen Keyboard) project is an open source
software development project designed to create advanced
alternative input solutions for the linux/unix environment.

Resources

A Comparative Overview of On-screen Keyboards


o A very useful chart detailing exactly which features are
provided by which on-screen keyboards
Introducing On-Screen Keyboards

Optical Character Recognition /


Reading Software

Optical character recognition (OCR) is the process of converting an image o


file, into computer-editable text.

Optical character recognition (OCR) is the process of converting an image of


text, such as a scanned paper document or electronic fax file, into
computer-editable text. The text in an image is not editable: the letters are
made of tiny dots (pixels) that together form a picture of text. During OCR,
the software analyzes an image and converts the pictures of the characters
to editable text based on the patterns of the pixels in the image. After OCR,
you can export the converted text and use it with a variety of word-
processing, page layout and spreadsheet applications. OCR also enables
screen readers and refreshable braille displays to read the text contained in
images.

Points to ponder - Questions to consider when


shopping for an optical character recognition
device

Is it compatible with your computer's platform?


Do you require screen reading capabilities in addition to the OCR?
Do you require a handheld pen scanner, as opposed to a flatbed
scanner?
Do you require Braille output?

41
Products:

This list of products is for reference purposes only and does not reflect
endorsement by the ATRC.

Traditional OCR equipment

Kurzweil 1000 is an advanced reading tool for people who are blind
and are visually impaired, which works on a PC in conjunction with a
flatbed scanner. Kurzweil 3000 provides both auditory and visual
presentation of scanned text and images.
WYNN and Open book are two OCR programs that include text to
speech speech engines available from FreedomScientific
OCR Shop is an OCR, Imaging Software, package by Vividata for Linux
Operating Systems and UNIX. They also have a version for SunOS.
Ocrad is an open source OCR engine that works with the scanning
program Kooka and KDE (which also work with the OCR engines
GOCR and KADMOS ) - for GNU/Linux Operating Systems and UNIX.
TextBride Pro 11 is OCR software produced by Nuance. Nuance also
produces OmniPage ProX for Macintosh.
Premier Assistive Technology offers various OCR software packages
as well as other assistive software including Universal Reader Plus
and Scan Read Pro.
Typereader is an OCR package by Expervision. Perhaps one of the
most exciting things about this package is that they offer a
completely free on-line version called WebOCR.
VIP and ezVIP are OCR packages that include text to speech speech
engines available from JBliss Imaging Systems, Inc. that read scanned
documents and allow you to adjust their font attributes.
ABBYY FineReader 8.0 Professional Edition is an OCR and PDF File
Conversion software that is produced by and available from ABBYY -
for Windows.
Readiris Pro 11 is OCR software with Windows and Macintosh
(Mac version), produced by I.R.I.S.

Non-Roman Language OCR equipment

Presto! DanChing, produced and offered from NewSoft performs OCR


on Chinese, Japanese and Roman characters - for Windows XP or
2000.
ABBYY Finereader OCR XIX performs OCR on Fraktur and Old
European Script, produced and available from ABBYY.

Commercial OCR equipment

PrimeOCR is a more expensive OCR software with better accuracy for


large volumes of text, produced and available from Prime
Recognition.
ABBYY Finereader 8.0 Corporate Edition is OCR software designed
specifically for businesses. A version for very large corporations,
the Site License Edition is also available - from ABBY for Windows.

42
OmniPage Pro 15 is commercial OCR software from Nuance, which is
accessible using screen magnifying and screen reading software.

Alternative Scanning Devices

Optical Braille Recognition (OBR) software enables the user to scan


text and output (print) the text to braille - for windows based
systems.
The C Pen from C Technologies is a handheld scanner pen that scans
text line by line and has the ability to perform OCR functions - for
windows based systems.
Reading Pen and Quicktionary which include text to speech speech
engines, (QuickLink Pen Elite can scan English, German, Swedish,
Portuguese, Spanish, Italian, French) and InfoScan which has a larger
storage capacity, are handheld scanner pens available from Wizcom
Technologies - for windows-based systems.

Tutorials

A series of tutorials is available for Kurzweil 3000.

eText Resources

Project Gutenberg
over 13,000 eBooks available to download and read for free.
The Online Books Page
The Etext Archives
eTexts including fiction, poetry, politics, and Religion.
University of Virginia Library Scholars' Lab
A compilation of various online eText resources in thirteen languages

43
Refreshable Braille Display
Refreshable Braille Displays are electronic devices that are
used to read text that a computer sends to the monitor. The
device is connected to the computer by a serial cable and
produces Braille output on the Braille display. Refreshable
Braille displays only read one line of text at a time.

Refreshable Braille Displays are electronic devices that are used to read text
that a computer sends to the monitor. The device is connected to the
computer by a serial cable and produces Braille output on the Braille
display. Refreshable Braille displays only read one line of text at a time.
These displays generally include directional keys which allow the user to
navigate through a document. Larger displays (80 cells) also include a
cursor routing function. Each cell contains eight small pins, allowing eight
dot computer Braille rather than the six dot Braille we are used to seeing.
Some portable note takers that have refreshable Braille can also be used as
a refreshable Braille display for a PC computer.

Points to ponder - Questions to consider when


shopping for a refreshable Braille display

Is it compatible with your computer's platform?


How many Braille cells are active on the display?
Does it have its own power source?
Does it have extra keys that can be programmed with additional
commands?

Refreshable Braille Displays

These products are true refreshable Braille displays. They connect to your
computer and generally sit under a regular keyboard with the Braille cells
nearest to you, along the front of the keyboard.

From Freedom Scientific Blind/Low Vision Group


o PowerBraille displays : PowerBraille 40, PowerBraille 65 and the
PowerBraille 8
o The numbers after the product name indicate the number of
Braille cells active; 80 cells would give the computer user one
line of information on the computer screen - 40 and 65 would
give partial lines [but the information wraps so you do
eventually have access to all of it]
Braille Windows Display from Freedom of Speech inc.
o Powerful tool with either an 85 cell desktop model or a 45 cell
portable model
o for use with Windows 95 or 3.x

44
Braille Voyager comes in two versions Voyageur 44 and Voyageur
70 (longer life) - has its own power, can be used independent of a
screen reader, uses logical Braille keys, new Tieman Braille Cell
Technology
ALVA Delphi Braille Terminals - there are two models available the
first with 43 braille cells (Version 440) and the second with 85
(Version 480) braille cells. Both versions have eight-dot Braille cells.
ALVA Satellite Series - the battery operated model (ALVA Satellite
544) has 44 Braille cells
Handy Tech with web pages in German or English have the following
Braille displays:
o The Modular System - available in configurations for 85, 44 or
24 Braille cells and offers a unique and flexible approach to
Braille displays
o Braille Star 40 - specially designed to be used with a laptop
computer, to operate the Reading Keys you do not have to
move your hands from the display
o Braille Wave - slim line Braille display with built-in note taker,
weighs only 35 oz.
From F.H. Papenmeier GmbH & Co., Schwerte, Germany
o Braillex EL2D 80- 80 cell Braille and 20 cell vertical display
[providing feedback on your cursor, page breaks, etc], wide
variety of OS use - DosDOTS Screen reader for DOS (optional
for Windows 95/98, Windows NT, Linux, and OS/2), has either
serial port or USB connection
o Braillex EL 80 - 80 cells plus 2 status cells, serial port
connection [not USB] - DosDOTS Screen reader for DOS
(optional for Windows 95/98, Windows NT, Linux, and OS/2)
o Other models include the Braillex EL 66, Braillex EL 40

45
Screen Magnifiers
Screen magnification software enlarges the information on
the screen by pre-determined incremental factor.
Magnification programs run simultaneously and
seamlessly with the computer's operating system and
applications.

Screen magnification software is used by people with visual disabilities to


access information on a computers screen. The software enlarges the
information on the screen by pre-determined incremental factor [for
example, 1x magnification, 2x magnification, 3x magnification, etc,].
Magnification programs run simultaneously and seamlessly with the
computer's operating system and applications. Most screen magnification
software has the flexibility to magnify the full screen, parts of the screen or
provide a magnifying glass view of the area around the cursor or pointer.
These programs also often allow for inverted colours, enhanced pointer
viewing and tracking options.

Points to ponder - Questions to consider when


shopping for screen magnification software

Is it compatible with your computer's platform?


Does it include cursor enhancements?
What is its maximum magnification?
Does it include screen reading software?
Is it compatible with your printer - can you print enlarged material?
Does it allow for inverted colours?

Screen Magnification Software - Windows 95/98/ME


and Windows NT/2000

Although screen magnification products now include "screen readers" if you


are using the magnification software on 6x magnification on any size
monitor, it is generally recommended that you should be looking at moving
to a full screen reader. You can use full screen readers in combination with
your magnification software. Be sure you look at both options when
purchasing screen magnification software.

Ai Squared screen magnification software


o Big Shot Magnifier - software specifically designed to help
with eye strain, can magnify in fractions of magnification [for
example, 1.5x times]
o ZoomText 9.0 - magnifies text up to 32x, reads most
electronic text aloud, and provides cursor and mouse
enhancements.

46
o ZoomText Large Print Keyboard - in addition to providing
high contrast letters, the keyboard features 16 buttons
dedicated to access features of the ZoomText software.
Dolphin Computing Systems
o Lunar Screen Magnifier and Lunar Plus Enhanced Screen
Enlarger software - includes speech output, usable with a
wide variety of Windows applications, magnification up to 32x
o SuperNova - combines speech output, screen magnification
and Braille support in one product, magnifies up to 32x
Freedom Scientific Blind/Low Vision Group offers:
o MAGic - MAGic 8.x adds screen reading to the existing
magnification, although it is not JAWS [their screen reading
product]. MAGic also has option for inverted colour and cursor
enhancements - it does not use a DocReader like ZoomText
does for screen reading documents
Galileo for NT by BAUM [European company, prices in Euro Dollars]

o company also has the VISIO PC integrated CCTV and flatscreen
tool for people with visual disabilities
ION Systems, Inc
o WebEyes - Enlarge or decrease the font size (4 - 144 pt) in
Internet Explorer and choose the "Read Like a Book" option to
eliminate scrolling
Reader's Pal
o Simple, free, easy to use software which displays text files and
web pages in magnified fonts and high contrast colors.
o Also supports Text-to-Speech Capabilites.
Magnifying Glass Pro
o An inexpensive screen magnification program with various
magnification modes.
o Uses a magnifying lens view that magnifies text and graphics
on your computer monitor, attached television screen, or
projected onto a larger media during a presentation (e.g., using
an application such as PowerPoint).

Screen Magnification Software - Macintosh

Built in Mac OS Zoom features - accessed through the Universal


Access feature
VisioVoice
o VisionVoice manufactured by Assistiveware, adds multilingual
support to Apple's excellent VoiceOver screen reader
technology for a number of languages, as well as providing
several other speech and vision related features to enhance
access to Mac OS X.

Screen Enhancement Software

Biggy Light in both Macintosh and Windows versions, magnifies


cursors and hard to see items such as iBeams to 32x32 or even

47
32x36 times, more information can be found at the R J Cooper web
site

Resources

The Screen Magnifiers homepage -Reviews of various screen


magnification and speech synthesis software

48
Screen Readers and Talking
Browsers

Screen readers are used to replace the visual display


traditionally viewed on a monitor for those with visual
disabilities. Hardware and software produce synthesized
voice output for text displayed on the computer screen,
as well as for keystrokes entered on the keyboard.

A Screen Reader is the commonly used name for Voice Output Technology
used by individuals unable to read the standard text displayed on screen.
Screen readers produce synthesized speech output for text displayed on the
computer screen, as well as for keystrokes entered on the keyboard. Talking
browsers, such as IBM's Home Page Reader, use the same technology as
screen reading software, but the reading functions are limited to Internet
use.

Points to ponder - Questions to consider when


shopping for a screen reader or talking browser

Is it compatible with your computer's platform?


Which file formats can it read?
Can it output to a refreshable Braille display?
Can the size of the reading chunks be varied?
For talking browsers, does it allow telephone-based web access?

This list of products is for reference purposes only and does not reflect
endorsement by the ATRC.

Screen Readers

Free OS Enhancements

Dr. Charles (Chuck) Hallenbeck: Information on Screen Readers and


Software for DOS and Linux
Narrator for Windows XP & Voice Over for Mac OS X are software
features included in their Operating Systems, respectively. Please
note that neither offer the functionality of a commercial screen
reading program.
Simply Web 2000 by EconoNet International Speech Series - a free
talking web browser
WINKLiNE for Windows from Speech Systems for the Blind

Windows

49
HAL by Dolphin Systems
Window-Eyes
o From GW Micro, Inc. Fort Wayne, Il
JAWS for Windows
o Windows screen reader with multiple synthesizer support
o From Freedom Scientific Blind/Low Vision Group
Lookout by Choice Technology (UK) Ltd.
Browsealoud from Texthelp - supports: Dutch, French, Spanish,
German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Russian) and works
with HTML/Alt Tags/Java/Flash/PDF for Windows and Mac
OutSpoken for Windows, brailleOUT for Windows, Key Note Gold
Speech Synthesizer from ALVA Access Group Inc.
VIRGO4 for Windows
o From BAUM Products, Wiesenbach, Germany
o Will be replaced in 2007 by Cobra for Windows Vista
Brookestalk Developed by Oxford Brookes University, focuses on
facilitating intelligent web-searching - free download
WinVision
o Screen Reader for Windows & DOS
o From Artic Technologies, Troy, MI

Macintosh

VoiceOver from Apple


o Will be integrated into OS X with the release of Mac OS X v
10.4 Tiger
Browsealoud from Texthelp - supports: Dutch, French, Spanish,
German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Russian) and works
with HTML/Alt Tags/Java/Flash/PDF
OutSpoken for Macintosh from ALVA Access Group Inc.
o works with OS 9 and below.
o ALVA discontinued supporting Outspoken for OS X and above

Talking Browsers

Home Page Reader from IBM


o This accessible web browser offers spoken internet/web access
for blind and visually impaired users, and is compatible with
other screen readers.

50
Speech Synthesizer
An external speech synthesizer is a hardware device used
for speech output. Typically, they are used with screen
readers or OCR/scanning software [Optical Character
Recognition] programs for people who are blind or visually
disabled.

An external speech synthesizer is a hardware device used for speech


output. Typically, they are used with screen readers or OCR/scanning
software [Optical Character Recognition] programs for people who are blind
or visually disabled. External speech synthesizers were used exclusively
before the advent of sound cards in computers. Now, with multi-channel
sound cards people who use screen readers or other speech output software
can have both the "voice" of the computer and the system sounds audible
at the same time. Some people who require the system sounds, or who
prefer to leave their sound cards to perform other functions may want to
use an external speech synthesizer instead of the internal sound card. For
example, if they want to listen to a CD, watch a DVD, or do some
audio/video conferencing, they might want to leave the sound card channels
free to do so. An external speech synthesizer may also be a critical piece of
equipment for people who are also composing music or using audio editing
programs. There are also "software speech synthesizers."

Hardware Synthesizers

from Artic Technologies International Inc. email:


info@artictech.com
o Sqwerty - combines speech synthesizer and keyboard in one
device
o Artic also makes the TransPort, a classic speech synthesizer;
the Ergo Braille [2 products in one tiny package: a synthesizer
and a grade 2 Braille note-taker]; Braille Desk [2 products in
one package: a synthesizer and an advanced grade 2 Braille
note-taker - it is slightly larger than the Ergo Braille];
TransType 2000 [again, 2 products in one, a speech
synthesizer and a note taker];
Double Talk LT
o External connection to your computer, and it works well with
Macs, PCs, or laptops.
o From RC Systems
The following are other hardware synthesizers for which there are no
manufacturer web pages - ask your vendor about using them with
your system
o Accent PC
o Apollo 2
o Artic 215

51
o Audapter
o Braille 'n Speak
o DECtalk Express
o DECtalk PC/Express
o Infovox
o Keynote Hardware/SSIL
o Reading Edge
o Multi Voice

Software Synthesizers

Elan Text to Speech Technology has a variety of text to speech


products:
o Speech Cube for use in Windows NT, Unix SCO, Unix Solaris,
Linux
o Proverbe Speech Platform is a multilingual text to speech
system and is often used by people using screen readers who
also need access to multilingual documents [used as a speech
syntheisizer]
o Proverbe Speech Unit "forms a link between your information
technology system and the telephone networks" [from the web
page]
o Dial and Play is designed to "liberate you from your PC in terms
of e-mail access" [paraphrased from web site]
o E-language tools "bring meaning and emotion to the spoken
word" [from the web site]
o Elan also has multimedia tools in the form of the Speech
Engine SDK-DLL version, Speech Engine SAPI and Speech
Engine for use on OS/2 - all of which are multilingual

o DECAccess 32 (latest update DECAccess 32 update) is an
internal/software synthesizer that can be used with the PC
sound cards.
The following are other software synthesizers for which there are no
manufacturer web pages - ask your vendor about using them with
your system
o Eloquence for JFW - comes with JAWS for Windows
o Accent SA
o Doubletalk PC
o FlexTalk Software
o Keynote Multi Media Software
o Microsoft Text-to-Speech Engine
o ext Assist/Sound Blaster
o Sounding Board
o Tripple Talk PCI

52
Switches

Switches are a common solution for users with mobility


disabilities who need to use computers or other electronic
devices, but have difficulty with the physical interface.

Switches are a common solution for users with mobility disabilities who need
to use computers or other electronic devices, but have difficulty with the
physical interface. To allow easier manipulation than a standard keyboard or
joystick, a specially-designed switch may be composed of a single button,
merely a few buttons, a sensory plate, or another of the whole host of
adaptive switches available; it may also be touch-free, relying instead on
motion sensors, brain activation, or a sip and puff mechanism. Aside from
simplifying input devices, switches can also be used as developmental aids,
teaching children (or adults) how to interact with their external
environment.

Points to ponder - Questions to consider when


shopping for switches

What is the switch modality? (one-touch, variable pressure, hands-


free, etc)
What is its power source?
Is it compatible with your computer's platform?
Does it come with a mount?
Is it compatible with the software you'll be using? If not, are there
plug-ins available that will ensure it is?

Switches and their manufacturers

Tash Inc. makes a wide variety of switches, which can be ordered


through their online catalog. Not only do they produce switches of
different sensitivity and trigger-type, but they also sell mounting
devices and other accessories, like a switch that can be used to turn
on toys, among other things.
AbleNet Inc. specializes in adaptive technology for the classroom, and
carries switches, environmental control systems, switch-adapted toys
and more. Visit their Switches and Accessories catalog for more
information.
GPK Inc. manufactures products for users with quadriplegia, including
the QuadTrac, a two-piece, trackball-switch combination for
quadriplegics with some upper body movement but no movement in
their hands or fingers.

53
Zygo Industries has a wide variety of switches and switch kits, as well
as mounting trays and mounting systems ranging from light to heavy
duty.
Crestwood Communication Aids, Inc. produces a variety of switches in
different modalities, including the Control Center Switch, which can
control three items at once, the Converter Switch, and various switch
accessories.
The Adaptivation Incorporated website includes online instruction
manuals for each of their products, which include flexible switches,
switch skins, vibration switches and more. An interesting feature of
their website is their Application Photo Album, (click on the product
catalogue link), showcasing many different applications of the
technology provided.
Words+ manufactures a variety of switches (including the Eyebrow
Switch and the Microswitch), found on their Input/Speech Devices
page; also, they produce the Infrared/Sound/Touch Switch, which is
operated by "virtually any kind of body motion."

Accessories

Enabling Devices, a division of Toys for Special Children, Inc., is


"dedicated to providing affordable learning and assistive devices for
the physically challenged." They design switch-adapted plush toys
and switches specifically designed for children, among many other
things, including switch mounting accessories, switches that aid
development, and biofeedback devices.
Crestwood's Adapted Toys include a variety of modalities; a toy may
act as a switch itself, activated by a tap on the head, or a separate
switch can be used to control the toy.

54
Talking Browsers and Email
software
Talking browsers and email software converts text from a
document like a web page or an email message into audible speech. This
software is ideal for people who have visual, cognitive, or physical
impairments that need assistance with reading the content of their web
pages and/or email.

Text to Speech

Text-to-Speech software is used to convert words from


a computer document (e.g. word processor document,
web page) into audible speech spoken through the
computer speaker.

Text-to-Speech software is used to convert words from a computer


document (e.g. word processor document, web page) into audible speech
spoken through the computer speaker. This software would be helpful to
people who need or want aural verification of what they are seeing in print.
Text-to-speech technology can be integrated with OCR systems. Text to
Speech software is different from Screen Reading technology in that it does
not read any system information (such as file structure or alt boxes)
Note that with software that produces a "sound" or voice output, you also
need a PC compatible sound card [which usually comes with Pentium based
computers]

Points to ponder - Questions to consider when


shopping for text-to-speech software

Is it compatible with your computer's platform?


Can it save to .wav or .mp3 formats for later listening?
What file formats does it support?
Is it Internet-compatible?
Can it scan from a printed page (optical character recognition)?
Does it have multi-language support?
Can the reading voice be adjusted and/or trained?

Windows Based Software

WordTalk is a free plug-in developed for use with all versions of


Microsoft Word (from Word 97 upwards), which can help people with
reading difficulties use Microsoft Word more effectively. It will speak

55
the text of the document and will highlight it as it goes. It contains a
talking dictionary to help decide which word spelling is most
appropriate. It sits neatly in your toolbar and is highly configurable,
allowing you to adjust the highlight colours, the voice and the speed
of the speech.
ReadPlease 2003 is a free text to speech package for Windows
95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP.
o The ATRC has a tutorial on Downloading and Installing
ReadPlease 2003 available. link: tutorial
o There is also a version for the web called ReadingBar 2
Sayz Me is a free text-to-speech reader for Windows. Text is typed in
or copied from the clipboard and then read aloud. Words are
highlighted as they are spoken.
TextAloud MP3 converts any text into spoken words and MP3 files
o Files may be listened to immediately, or save to .wav or MP3
files to hear later at your convenience
o TextAloud can be tried for 15 days free by downloading a fully
functional demo at the Next Up Technology Home Page
NaturalReader is a Text to Speech software with natural sounding
voices. This easy to use software can convert any written text such as
MS Word, Webpage, PDF files, and Emails into spoken words.
NaturalReader can also convert any written text into audio files such
as MP3 or WAV for your CD player or iPod.
Acapela Group has a variety of text to speech products:

o BrightSpeech TTS - part of Acapela's "High Quality text to
speech" line
o Elan Sayso TTS - part of Acapela's "High Quality text to speech"
line
o Babil TTS - part of Acapela's "High Density text to speech" line
o Elan Tempo TTS - part of Acapela's "High Density text to
speech" line
Text-To-Speech Systems by Lucent Technologies is available in the
following Languages- English(American) , German ,
Chinese(Mandarin) , Spanish , French and Italian
Clip&Talk for Windows 3.1x/95/98/NT, Windows compatible sound
card
o Add speech capability to Windows applications. Designed to
work with any application that can put text on the 'clipboard'.
o Free downloadable trial version which reads up to 600 words
WinSpeech for Windows 3.1x) / 3.0N (for Windows 95/98/NT) is also
available from PC WholeWare.
o Will read in text files and convert each word to a phonetic
equivalent for more natural sounding speech.
o Supports DDE so that other Windows applications can send text
to it for reading. Expandable dictionary.
o Free downloadable trial version.
"Help Read" from The Hawaii Education Literacy Project
o Will automatically read clipboard text or .txt documents.
o Supports both English and Hawaiian Language.
o The ATRC has a tutorial on Downloading and Installing "HELP
Read" available. link: tutorial.
TextHelp Systems Inc.

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o Read&Write Series
o Read&Write Standard - includes speech feedback, phonetic
spell checking, word prediction & homophone support,
customizable 'floating' toolbar, study skills, teacher toolkit and
Daisy Reader Application.
o Read&Write GOLD - all the features of Standard plus an
intergrated toolbar and some other features - supports
Windows Vista
o Read&Write GOLD Mobile - Gold Edition on a portable smart
drive that allows you to use Read&Write GOLD on any
computer without installation - for Windows 2000/XP
o Read&Write GOLD Deluxe - Gold Edition plus two features for
teachers and staff: Testmaker and PDF Accessibility Editor.
o Read&Write Product Comparsion Matrix
o Lexiflow - publishing tool for generating Flash pages from PDF
Files (multiple languages) - for Windows and Mac
AT&T Text-to-Speech web site.
o A demo of text-to-speech
o Definition and vision of text-to-speech application
TextSound 1.0 by ByteCool Software
o Converts text files to wav format
o Handles batch conversions
o Recognizes voices from a number of other text to speech
software packages
o Free trial download available from web site
"AspireREADER 4.0 " - enhanced version of the Cast E-Reader 3.0
from Cast
DECtalk for Linux *move link to Linux Accessibility page in Technical
Glossary

Macintosh Based Software

Read&Write GOLD for Mac: includes speech feedback, phonetic spell


check, word prediction & homophone support, study skills tool, Safari
(Web) Reader and Daisy Reader Application.
Proloquo 1.1 from AssistiveWare - multi-lingual text-to-speech
software, with a wide variety of voices and languages
Plaintalk 1.5.4 shareware, (download page @ tucows.com), also see
the Apple page for Plaintalk
Mary Text-to-Speech System is an open source text-to-speech
software that includes English and Tibetan
Lexiflow - publishing tool for generating Flash pages from PDF Files
(multiple languages) - for Windows and Mac

Stand Alone Text to Speech Tools

QuickLink-Pen and QuickLink-Pen Elite by WizCom Technologies USA


o This "reading pen" is a portable pen shaped device that can
scan a word and read it to the user
o The Quick Link scans English, German, Swedish, Portuguese,
Spanish, Italian and French
DECtalk 5.0 text-to-speech synthesizers from Fonix Speech

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DECtalk 5.0 is a multi-lunguli text-to speech technology- for Windows,
Linux, Solaris and some "no OS" implementations.
DECtalk 4.6.4 - the "classic DECtalk" re-released with improved text-
to-speech and comptability with additional operating systems.

Resources

Dyslexic.com has a good reference page for books and software tools
that you might find helful
The LD Resources website is a repository of resources for people with
learning disabilities. A recent site overhaul has significantly added to
the resources and organization of the content.
Bell Labs Text-to-Speech site.
o Allows you to enter text online and explore text-to-speech.
o links to some of the other text to speech and voice recognition
products at Bell labs.

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Voice Output Communication
Aids
Voice Output Communication Aids (VOCA) / Speech
Generating Devices (SGD) are electronic devices that are
able to generate printed and/or spoken text. They aid
individuals who are unable to use natural speech to meet all
of their communication needs.

Voice Output Communication Aids (VOCA)/ Speech Generating Devices


(SGD) are electronic devices that are able to generate printed and/or spoken
text. VOCA aid individuals who are unable to use natural speech to meet all
of their communication needs. There are many different products available.
Some products are dedicated for communication purposes only while others
are software programs in lap-top computer systems. Some have additional
features built in such as appointment schedules and reminders, simple
environmental control units, alternative access methods, dual displays, and
abbreviation expansion programs.

Points to ponder - Questions to consider when


shopping for a Voice Output Communication Aid

Is it a piece of software or separate hardware?


Is the communication aid used via direct (touching with a body part)
or indirect selection (a joystick, for instance)?
Does it offer both text and symbols, for the benefit of those who can't
read?
Does it have a dynamic or a static display?
Can it be used for both simple and complex use?
Does it provide feedback (whether it be tactile, visual or auditory)?

Communication Aids

Prentke Romich International has a number of augmentative


communication products including:
o ChatBox and ChatBox DX are products designed as a
communication tool with the DX model adding features for
people who have visual disabilities or motor skill issues
o Pathfinder Plus Comes set up with vocabulary, pictures and
sounds
Zygo Industries
o Optimist II - [from their web page] "direct selection on an 8.4
inch screen or scanning using the dynamic display, light
weight, and its audio amplifier/speaker module provides
exceptionally loud, clear output"

59
o Polyana - [from their web site] "pocket Windows CE device,
small and lightweight, are instant-on, the unit is always in
standby, have long battery life on each charge and are
relatively inexpensive., modified for AAC use"
Words +
o Makers of TuffTalker - "Finger touch screen, rugged magnesium
case, shock-mounted hard drive, spill-resistant LCD" [from their
web pae]
o Freedom 2000 ToughBook - [from their web page] "Now with a
Pentium III 500MHz Processor, a 10GB hard drive, magnesium-
alloy protected LCD display, shock-mounted components, 3-
Year Warranty, multiple-access modes, E Z Keys and Talking
Screen, Windows Operating System
o Also a Freedom 2000 Extreme machine or a Freedom 2000 Lite
version available
Intellitools
o IntelliKeys, "the keyboard with the changing face", IntelliTalk II
(text-to-speech software), IntelliPics (interactive creativity tool
for teachers, parents or students), Overlay Maker for use with
IntelliKeys, (solutions for switch users), or Intellitools Math are
just some of the products
Mayer-Johnson Company
o MagicTouch Screens - mounts on your computer monitor to
give you touch access to functions on the screen [ie: moving
objects] - the Kidmark version of this is more durable for those
who tend to hit rather than touch
Adaptivation Has a communication catalog page which includes:
o Chipper - [from their web site] "Play pre-recorded messages
with a touch of the Chipper's surface or connect an external
switch, message length of 20 seconds, relay/switch output
capabilities for cause effect skill building, external switch jack
and adjustable volume, the Chipper comes with a black base
and is available in five colors-red, yellow, green, blue, and
purple, threaded base (large triangle pattern) makes the
Chipper extremely easy to mount to Adaptivation's Magic Arm
or other mounting systems
o Sequencer - [from their web page] "This device will allow the
user to have a series of messages. You can record as many
phrases as needed up to 60 second maximum. Pressing the
switch once causes message 1 to play. Pressing it again
activates message 2, then 3, and so on. This allows individuals
to carry on a conversation with a single switch. It also works
well for reading a story, conducting a class report, or
participating in a school play,.
o VoicePal 8, 8k and VoicePal Levels - lightweight, customizable
personal communication aid, both can adapt to the growing
skills of the user
Able Net, Inc
o Has a communication catalog page which includes the
BigMack, Quick Start Communicator, Talk Trac, and SpeakEasy
Communicator
Dynavox Technologies
o Dynavox and its' sister company Mayer-Johnson offer a broad
range of communication aid solutions.

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The Great Talking Box Company

Manufacturers affordable dedicated hardware and software


based communication aids as well as accessories and mounting
systems.

Hand-Held Communication Aids

Words +, Inc.
o MessageMate - [from their web page] "Easy to use, available
with a variety of Levels and recording times, durable
construction, long-lasting battery, keyboard or switch
operation, scanning capability, simple to record
o Accessories include: keyguards, carrying case, Mayer-Johnson
PCS stickers, Imaginart Pick N' Stick stickers, or an extra AC
adaptor
o QuickPage - [from their web page] "ready-made
communication displays in a convenient, easy-to-use software
program., provides customized communication displays,
organizes language, builds phrases quickly, helps develop
literacy skills, encourages social interaction"
Mayer-Johnson Company
o Hand-Held Voice - [from their web page]" Custom
communication boards are dynamically linked., recorded
speech with good volume, Base unit has 8 minutes of recording
- 24 expansion card, rugged, lightweight and compact (1.5 lbs -
.68 kg), touchscreen-only a light touch required, monochrome
LCD provides excellent clarity, runs for weeks on AA batteries"
Crestwood Communication Aids offers Talking Pictures and
Crespeaker (which Crestwood no longer directly sells) but is still
available.
Saltillo
o ChatPC - [from their web site] "ChatPC combines the latest in
electronic technology with ease of use and powerful language
capabilities. Built upon a new Casio EM-500 PocketPC
computer, ChatPC offers a brilliant, color dynamic display along
with both synthesized and digitized speech output. ChatPC is
the product of a collaborative effort between Saltillo
Corporation and Enkidu Research, Inc. "
o ChatBox - [from their web site] "ChatBox and ChatBox-DX,
voice output communication devices, combine the use of
meaningful pictorial images with the latest technology to
enable people who cannot speak to communicate easily and
quickly with their families, friends and others. The newly
enhanced ChatBox is designed for use by any individual who
experiences cognitive and language limitations, brain
disorders, cerebral palsy or conditions that result in temporary
loss of speech. The addition of a deluxe model, ChatBox-DX,
opens up a world of capabilities to individuals with visual
difficulty or very poor motor skills."
o VocaFlex - [from their web site] "With an hour of recorded
speech capacity, 51 overlays can be stored into VocaFlex at
once. The overlays have bar-codes that are read by VocaFlex.

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When a different overlay is placed on the device, the VocaFlex
automatically changes the keyboard configuration and
vocabulary to match the overlay."
o Other communication aids on the Saltillo site

Resources

AAC Terminology - by the Barkley Augmentative and Alternative


Communication Center
AAC Glossary - from Augmentative and Alternative Communication,
Second Edition, by David R. Beukelman, Ph.D., and Pat Mirenda, Ph.D.
AAC Resources - includes organizations and manufacturer information
The ACE Centre [Aiding Communication in Education - North] - serving
North England, North Ireland and North Wales, e-mail:
acenorth@ace-north.org.uk
o More specifically, the ACE Centre's VOCA information page will
help you select and order a VOCA.

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Voice Recognition
Voice Recognition allows a user to use his/her voice as an
input device. Voice recognition may be used to dictate text
into the computer or to give commands to the computer
(such as opening application programs, pulling down menus,
or saving work).

Voice Recognition allows a user to use his/her voice as an input device.


Voice recognition may be used to dictate text into the computer or to give
commands to the computer (such as opening application programs, pulling
down menus, or saving work).
Older voice recognition applications require each word to be separated by a
distinct space. This allows the software to determine where one word begins
and the next stops. This style of dictation is called discrete speech. Many
people (especially those with learning disabilities) prefer these systems to
the newer continuous speech.
Continuous speech voice recognition applications allow a user to dictate text
fluently into the computer. These new applications can recognise speech at
up to 160 words per minute. While these systems do give the user system
control they are not yet hands-free.
Voice recognition uses a neural net to "learn" to recognize your voice. As
you speak, the voice recognition software remembers the way you say each
word. This customization allows voice recognition, even though everyone
speaks with varying accents and inflection.
In addition to learning how you pronounce words, voice recognition also
uses grammatical context and frequency of use to predict the word you wish
to input. These powerful statistical tools allow the software to cut down the
massive language data base before you even speak the next word.
While the accuracy of voice recognition has improved over the past few
years some users still experience problems with accuracy either because of
the way they speak or the nature of their voice.

Points to ponder - Questions to consider when shopping for voice


recognition software

Is it compatible with your computer's platform?


What is the learning curve of the software?
Does it integrate with existing word processing software?
Does it ship with its own microphone?
Does it have macro compatibility (that is, can you program simple
commands that can be used to execute more complicated series of
operations)?
How fast is it?
Do you need a remote model?

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Will you need a USB microphone (since it comes with its own sound
card)?

Voice Recognition for Windows

Dragon NaturallySpeaking 9 (DNS) produced by Nuance is available in


two versions: Personal and Home - Preferred and Standard Editions
and Business and Professional - Professional, Legal and
Medical Editions. DNS 9 is also offered in a SDK Edition for Windows
developers and systems integrators. A product feature
comparison matrix of the Professional, Prefered and Standard
editions. DNS is available in Language Versions ('other then U.S. and
Canadian)', including Australian English, Asian English, Indian English,
UK English, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Japanese and Spanish.
Specialized Medical Language Model for DragonNaturally
Speaking from Trigram
IBM Via Voice from Nuance - available in three different editions: Pro
USB Advanced, Standard, Advanced and Personal.
Metroplex Voice Computing, Inc (MVC) has developed hands/mouse
free programs which utilize Dragon Systems speech recognition
engines to dictate math.

Voice Recgonition for Macintosh

IBM ViaVoice from Nuance - available in two different editions: Mac


OSX and Simply Dictation
MacSpeech has a line of speech recognition products (which
enable the user to control the operating system) called Dictate .
MAC OS X Leopard comes with Apple Speech Recognition , which
allows the user to control their operating system. OS X Leopard also
comes with VoiceOver, part of the 'universal access' within the Mac
operating system, a screen reader that describes onscreen
activity and a speech control feature for the keyboard.
For interest or reference: The MAC OS X Accessibility page has a
complete list of OS X Accessibility features.

Commercial Speech Recognition Software (Speaker Independent


Voice Recgonition)
Automatic Speech Recgonition from Loquendo
icommunicator Voice Recgonition Software from ICommunicator

Fonix offers two speech regonition interfaces for developers.


VoiceIn 4.0.1 Standard Edition (available in a number of different
Roman based languages) and VoiceIn Game Edition , a voice
command interface for XBox, PS2 and Mac and PC platforms.

Digital Voice Recording Products

These products allow a user to dictate text which can be translated at a


later date by a voice recognition system.

Olympus digital voice recorders

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A list of iListen compatible digital recorders, with links to instruction
pages on how to use them.
An overview of some of the current voice recorders used with Voice
Recgonition is available from Nuance - you can also read a review
of some digital recorders at voicerecgonition.com and select the
recorders you want to compare in a feature comparison matrix
Voice It Products - These products are designed to work with Dragon
systems Naturally Speaking.

Microphones

Parrot TalkPro Microphone Headset - this microphone usually ships


with Dragon NaturallySpeaking. There is also a soundcard
translator version.
Andrea microphones - this product usually ships with IBM ViaVoice
Telex Microphones for Speech Recognition
Plantronics Computer Headsets for use with Voice Recognition
software - both USB and analogue products

Adaptive Technology Interface

Next Generation Technologies


o J-say Pro is a product which addresses the needs of visually
impaired people who are unable to use the keyboard, or who
want to take advantage of the additional functionality provided
by the product.

VoiceXML

VoiceXML is to be the standard with which voice applications are developed


on the Internet. It will be created by combining several mark up languages
that already exist, which are based on the XML standard.

JSML (Java Speech Markup Language) by SUN Microsystems


Draft: Accessibility Features of Synchronized Multimedia Language
[SMIL] and Checkpoints for SMIL
VoXML at Oasis
Audiomining from Nuance uses the DNS speech regonition to create
XML speech index data for audio files which enables you to search
and locate key words and phrases in audio files.

Online Resources

"Say I Can" - online voice recognition book free of charge from this
Berkley California publisher
The NatSpeak InfoPages by Joel Gould contains a wealth of
information about Dragon NaturallySpeaking, much of which you will
find nowhere else. (Please note: users using screen readers will have
difficulty using this site)
Computing Out Loud is a site intended to help people using speech
recognition software.
The Voice Users mailing list discusses the use of voice recognition.
One can also view the list archive.

65
Speaking to Write - This project is sur-titled "Recognizing the Potential
of Speech Recognition for Secondary Students with Disabilities," and
the resources found on this site are quite useful, although the website
is no longer updated.
o The Speaking to Write list-serv, on the other hand, is still quite
active.
Typing Injury FAQ Speech Recognition page
Subvocal Speech Recgonition is being developed by NASA

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Word Prediction

Word prediction technology is used to assist with text entry.


These software packages predict the word you are typing
and the next word based on word frequency and context.

Word prediction technology is used to assist with text entry. These software
packages predict the word you are typing and the next word based on word
frequency and context. They may also include features such as spell
checking as you type, speech synthesis, and hotkey's for frequently used
words. Word prediction is particularly useful for slow typists, probe or pen
users, and people with minor visual impairments or dyslexia.

Points to ponder - Questions to consider when


shopping for word prediction software

Does it learn new words automatically?


Is the word choice arrangement in alphabetical order or statistically
weighted?
Does it predict both words and phrases?
Does it predict by grammar and usage?
Does it automatically capitalize the first word in the sentence?
Can dictionary entries be altered?
Does it speak finished text?

Windows

Applied Human Factors' "SoothSayer Word Prediction" for Windows


95/98, Windows 2000, and Windows NT
Help U Type
o Stand alone word prediction software for Windows 3.1
o From World Communications,
Phone: (501) 656-0911,
Fax: (501) 656-3005
Telepathic 2000
o Predicts ahead, provides abbreviation expansion and hot keys
for selecting words, auditory feedback. For Macintosh and
Windows
o From Madenta Communications, Inc.
"Aurora" for Windows 3.1 and Windows 95
o A word prediction package with Face to Face communication
options

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o Works with Microsoft Works, WordPerfect, Microsoft Word,
Lotus WordPro, WordPad, Write
o From Aurora Systems Inc. Vancouver, BC
"EZ Keys for Windows"
o Word prediction for Windows 3.1: with auditory feedback and
face to face communication chat window
o From Words+, Inc,
Gus! Word Prediction
o Uses both "word completion" and "word prediction" based on
user's word usage history
o For Windows 95
o From Gus Communications, Inc.
"textHELP!"
o Word prediction software for Windows 3.1 that integrates
predictive typing, speech as you type and real time spell
checking
o Works in conjunction with your normal Windows word
processor, spreadsheet or database
o Includes a small screen magnification, also can speak selected
text
o Specifically designed for use in education for the support of
students with dyslexia
o Available from Lorien systems
Word Q available from the Bloorview-Macmillan Children's Centre.
o used along with standard Windows word processing software.
o Transparent to all Windows applications.
o Fully integrated text-to-speech feedback
o Now has a separate speech recognition plugin, Speak Q.
WriteAway 2000 from The Institute on Applied Technology of The
Boston Children's Hospital and Information Services Inc. (our
apologies, the link to this product has been removed as the
company's website has been hacked)
o word processor with built-in word prediction
o variable vocabularies and frequency settings
o various built-in text to speech options
KeyREP - from Prentke Romich Co. (PRC) (Product has been
discontinued)
o [from their web page] - "Type the first few letters of a word. A
prediction list appears from which you select the word you
want. KeyREP then types the word into whatever application
you are using. Prediction are based on the letter(s) typed,
personal preference, and how frequently words are used."
Co:Writer for Windows is available from Don Johnston Incorporated
HandiWord - manufactured by Microsystems Software Inc.

Macintosh

EZ Kyes/Key Wiz
o A keyboard assistance program that provides Keyboard control,
Dual Word Prediction , Abbreviation expansion with the full
names and Speech output while running standard software
o From Words+, Inc

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Resources

If Word Prediction Can Help, Which Program Do You Choose? by Jamie Klund,
MS, OTR, Sun Prairie Public Schools

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