CHL 331

FLUID PARTICLE MECHANICS

Lecture 18: Packed Beds

06-09-16

Photolithography

(Elveflow.com)

Other Microfluidic Channel Applications

a) Inertial migration of rigid particles

(Di Carlo, 2009)

b) Deformability induced migration of drops
Highly deformable drops move to
the centerline

c) Inertia induced migration of drops

Packed Bed

Examples of Packed Beds

Packed bed of sedimentary rocks

Adsorption
Reaction
Distillation unit
Filtration
Advantages- High surface area, plug flow behavior

p2

p1 p2 ?? Q

p1

Darcy Flow

p
= KU
L

Pipe Flow Analogy

p 32 U
=
L
d2
U is the average velocity in the tube

Assume packed bed to be equivalent to

tubes of equivalent dia, equivalent length,
and an equivalent velocity

p K1U e
=
Le
d e2

p1

p2

Model of the Packed Bed

Consider the packed bed to be equivalent to many parallel tubes of same
diameter and length

Assumptions:

Channels are regular in

shape
Uniform cross section and
orientation

Total void volume= Volume of cylinders

Total surface area of the particles=sum of surface area of all the
particles=Internal surface area of the channels

Pipe Flow Analogy

Length of the tube is proportional to the length (or depth)
of the packed bed

Le = K 2 L
Here the constant K2 is a result of the tortuosity of the channel

Q U
Ue =
=
A

Superficial velocity

Equivalent Diameter Calculation

n d eq Leq 4
Internal surface area :nd L
eq eq

Volume of the cylinders:

Equivalent Diameter Calculation

n d eq Leq 4
Internal surface area : nd L
eq eq
2

Volume of the cylinders:

Volume conservation-

LA0 = n d eq Leq 4
2

Volume of the voids in

the packed bed

. (1)

Volume of the cylinders

in the model

Equivalent Diameter Calculation

Volume of the cylinders:
Internal surface area :

n d eq Leq 4
2

nd eq Leq

LA0 = n d eq Leq 4
2

. (1)

Area Conservation-

nd eq Leq = L A0 (1 )(S / V ) particle

Internal area of the
cylinders in the bed

. (2)

Surface area of the

particles in the bed

Equivalent Diameter Calculation

Volume of the cylinders:
Internal surface area :

n d eq Leq 4
2

nd eq Leq

LA0 = n d eq Leq 4
2

. (1)

nd eq Leq = LA0 (1 )(S / V ) particle

Substituting (2) in (1),

= (1 )(S / V ) particle d eq 4
4
de =
(6 / d )(1 )

. (2)

6
=
d

Pipe Flow Analogy

p K1U e
=
Le
d e2
p K1U
=
K2L
d e2

(From Poiseuille Flow)

4
de =
(6 / d )(1 )

p
U (1 ) 2
= 180
L
d2 3

Carmen- Kozney
Equation

p
= KU
L

Darcy Equation

Turbulent Flow
2

U
(1 )
p
f
= 1.75
L
d 3

For high Reynolds number

Ergun Equation
2

U
(1 )
U (1 )
p
f
= 150
+ 1.75
3
2
3
L

d
d
2

Laminar flow

Turbulent flow

Linear combination of laminar and turbulent flow with a different constant

for laminar flow term