Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
2010
KAMPOT WATER
SUPPLY
CAMBODIA
Contents
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 3
2. Objective ................................................................................................................................. 3
3. Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 4
4. Location and Target Area........................................................................................................ 7
5. Socio-Economic Context ........................................................................................................ 8
5.1. Population............................................................................................................................. 8
5.2. Employment ....................................................................................................................... 12
5.3. Household income and expenditure ................................................................................... 17
5.4. Social Structure and Zoning............................................................................................... 21
5.5. Poverty Spatial Distribution ............................................................................................... 24
5.5.1 Poverty Mapping .......................................................................................................... 25
5.5.2 Result of poverty mapping ........................................................................................... 27
6. Gender Issue.......................................................................................................................... 27
7. Dwelling ................................................................................................................................ 28
8. Present Situation of Water Supply in Kampot Downtown ................................................... 32
8.1 Health and Sanitation .......................................................................................................... 32
8.2 Water Sources used in the target area covered by the pipe by Kampot Wtare Supply ...... 34
8.3 Water sources used in the target area .................................................................................. 36
8.3.1 Sources Water for drinking .......................................................................................... 38
8.3.2 Source of water for cooking ......................................................................................... 39
8.3.3. Sources of water for bathing ....................................................................................... 41
8.3.4 Sources of water for washing ....................................................................................... 42
9. Willingness to pay for water connection fee......................................................................... 43
10. Sanitation and Waste Disposal.............................................................................................. 44
10.1 Toilet Type ........................................................................................................................ 46
10.2 Disposal of household waste water ................................................................................... 46
11. Solid waste management......................................................................................................... 46
12. View on future development of water and sanitation ............................................................ 47
12.1 Commune Development Plan............................................................................................ 47
12.2 Urban Planning for Water Supply..................................................................................... 49
2
1. Introduction
The primary purpose of the project is to improve water supply and environmental
sanitation for at least 7,500 poor people or 75% of the poor in Kampot Town. The targeted area
that was selected for water supply are: Kampong Bay ,Traeuy Kaoh , Kampong Kraeng
commune. For improving the sanitation condition in the Kampot town the project selected five
more commune as Kampong Kandal, Andoung Khmaer, Maekprang, Krang Ampil, Chum Kriel,
Trapaeng Thum.
The household survey questionnaires identified the general condition of family in the
target area related to water and sanitation include the willingness to pay for water supply. This
information provides the backdrop to one of the fundamental tasks assigned in the Terms of
Reference of the Community and Sanitation specialist. In this mission aim to expand and refine
this information by developing a more comprehensive understanding of household identification
and the behavior of household participants in water supply and sanitation. This is expected to
provide a basis, together with other parallel efforts such as those to strengthen local community,
for recommending project interventions to improve local community's ownership on safe water
use and environmental development. Potential project interventions would include promotes
pro-poor urban water governance, urban water conservation and demand management, integrated
urban environmental sanitation and income generation for the urban poor through community
based water and sanitation services.
2. Objective
The principal objectives of community and sanitation specialist are:
- Conducting a rapid town assessment to determine the status of water and sanitation and
the prevailing urban planning and investment capacities to address those;
- Undertaking an assessment of demand for improved water supply and sanitation through
willingness to pay and affordability surveys;
- Establishing community based financing mechanisms and tariff policies for sustainable
access for the poor to improved water supply and sanitation;
- Extending a community based master plan for solid waste management system and
demonstration of solutions at the community level;
- Implementing a water sanitation and hygiene awareness component based on the
principles of Human Values Based Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Education and;
Demonstrating approaches for improved Water Conservation and Demand Management.
3
3. Methodology
The rapid assessment was undertaken using intensive analysis of existing relevant socio-
economic condition of each target commune and a combination of qualitative and quantitative
research methods. The counterpart personnel from Kampot Water Supply of the Ministry of
Industry, Mines and Energy were also actively joining with the consultant and Project Working
Group. The study was conducted in two steps:
The household survey was used in the quantitative study. These household has selected
based on the location of water supply extension. An aerial photo and town maps were used to
identify the target village that will provide the water supply extension.
5
The survey contains 4
sections related household
characteristics, occupations,
income and expenditures, sources
of water usage that contained the
information about safe water
service and information about
water system connection fee and
the options related to
affordability to pay for water
connection fee, health and
sanitation, (see Annex I ). The entire household in the selected village will be interview.
Table 1.1 provides a description on the survey coverage, sample and census statistics for
the target commune composing the present report. As the water supply extension cover 2 villages
in Kampong Kraeng, 2 villages in Kampong Bay commune and 2 villages in Traeuy Kaoh
Commune, the sample used to survey was conducted all the household that have not access to
Kampot water supply system.
Survey Result
6
4. Location and Target Area
The Extension of Water Supply and Sanitation, and Monitoring Achievements towards
Reaching the MDGs in Kampot Town project covers nine communes where six communes i.e.
Kampong Bay, Traeuy Kaoh, Kampong Kandal, Andoung Khmaer, Krang Ampil and Trapaeng
Thum belong to Kampot Municipality and three communes i.e. Kampong Kraeng, Maekprang
and Chum Kriel belong to Toek Chhu district.
The project comprises of two main parts water supply extension and sanitation. The
water supply extension covers only three communes where Kampong Bay and Traeuy Kaoh
commune belong to Kampot Municipality and Kampong Kreang commune belong to Toek
Chhue district. The sanitation covers nine communes. During the kick off meeting with Kampot
Water Supply Authority (KWSA), Department of Potable Water Supply, MIME and the
representatives of UN-HABITAT, we agreed that the study area covers only some parts of the
nine communes closed to the existing and proposed extension water supply pipe lines. Figure 1
shows the study area.
LEGEND W E
Study Area S
Commune Boundary
District Boundary
0 1 2 3 Km
7
5. Socio-Economic Context
There are nine communes/sangkat of the target area located in Kampot down town. These
communes are identified as the urban and peri-urban area. Prevailing socio-economic conditions
within that communes/sangkat are described briefly below.
5.1. Population
Kampot is
located in Southern
Cambodia on the
coast of the Gulf of
Thailand. It borders
Kampong Speu to
the North, Takeo
and Vietnam to the
East, the Gulf of
Thailand to the
South and
Sihanoukville and
Koh Kong to the
West. The area of the province is 4873 square kilometers (MAFF www.maff.gov.kh). The
topography of the province is variable, from the coastal region on the southern border, to
extensive lowland paddy fields and areas of lowland/ upland mosaic to the east and lowland/
upland mosaic and upland forested areas to the west. Kampot is classified as a rural province.
The total number of households in Kampot in 2008 was 130 thousand within total
population amount 585, 850 that giving an average household size of 4.5 persons (CPS 2008).
The people of Kampot live in 8 districts composed of 92 communes and 482 villages (CDB
2004). The population density of the province is 120 persons/km2 compared to an average
population density for Cambodia of 75 persons/km2. The majority of the population is Khmer
around 90% and the other is Islamic.
According to the objective of the project nine communes were selected to implement the
water supply and sanitation. These nine communes consists of 31 villages within 9,961
households of the total population amount 53,176 persons which 27,561 are women.
8
Table 2: List of beneficiary commune from water supply and sanitation
Commune Village Female Male Total Households Persons/HH
Chum Kriel Trapeang Thum 760 721 1481 226 6.55
Chum Kriel Chum Kriel 905 773 1678 330 5.08
Chum Kriel Samraong 484 434 918 174 5.28
Chum Kriel Kampong Kandal 680 568 1248 229 5.45
Kampong Kraeng Makprang 924 873 1797 396 4.54
Kampong Kraeng Andoung Chi Meun 868 887 1755 346 5.07
Kampong Kraeng Prey Tnaot 482 445 927 142 6.53
Kampong Kraeng Kampong Kraeng 609 612 1221 248 4.92
Kampong Kraeng kampongkrong 403 360 763 165 4.62
Meakprang Snam Prampir 1479 1546 3025 541 5.59
Meakprang Bat Kbal damrei 272 275 547 95 5.76
Meakprang Mortpeam 618 654 1272 234 5.44
Trapeang Thum Trapeang Chrey 310 351 661 118 5.60
Trapeang Thum Krang 270 304 574 112 5.13
Trapeang Thum Trapeang Thum 276 244 520 141 3.69
Trapeang Thum Svay Thum 332 298 630 137 4.60
Kampong Kandal Sovann Sakor 2203 1933 4136 803 5.15
Kampong Kandal Phum Muoy Ousaphie 1992 1716 3708 672 5.52
Krang Ampil Krang 1431 1341 2772 515 5.38
Krang Ampil Svay Thum 1127 829 1956 324 6.04
Kampong Bay Kampong Bay Khang Cheung 2033 1874 3907 680 5.75
Kampong Bay Kampong Bay Khang Tboung 1300 1139 2439 479 5.09
Andoung Khmaer Tvi Khang cheung 1310 1124 2434 415 5.87
Andoung Khmaer Tvi Khang tboung 1508 1334 2842 527 5.39
Andoung Khmaer Ou Touch 1065 1060 2125 391 5.43
Andoung Khmaer Andoung Khmaer 479 639 1118 257 4.35
Andoung Khmaer Ta Deb 678 664 1342 278 4.83
Traeuy Kaoh Doun Taok 607 547 1154 233 4.95
Traeuy Kaoh Ta Angk 498 475 973 172 5.66
Traeuy Kaoh Boeng Ta Pream 921 917 1838 322 5.71
Traeuy Kaoh Srae 737 678 1415 259 5.46
Table 3: Beneficiaries village from water supply extension in Kampong Kraeng Commune
District Commune Village Number of family
Toek Chhou Kampong Kraeng Prey Thnot 142
Toek Chhou Kampong Kraeng Kampong Kraeng 248
Total 390
9
Sangkat Kampong Bay
The population in Sangkat Kampong Bay is amount 1,299 families within 6,376 persons
(Commune database 2008). In this commune already has water supply system in some part, so
there are still 445 families shall be benefited from the extension of water supply system.
Table 4: Beneficiaries village from water supply extension in Kampong Bay Commune
Municipal Commune Village Number of family
Kampot Kampong Bay Kampongbay Cheung 680
Kampot Kampong Bay Kampongbay Tboung 479
Total 1,159
Table 5: Beneficiaries village from water supply extension in Treuy Koah Commune
Municipal Commune Village Number of family
Kampot Traeuykoah Ta Ang 172
Kampot Traeuykoah Daun Toak 233
Total 405
There are nine commune within 23 villages will benefite from sanitation improvement.
These commune and villages show in the table bellow:
10
Table 6: List of beneficiary village from sanitation
11
5.2. Employment
The two sangkat are classified as the urban, Sangkat Treuy Koah and Kampong Bay and
the other one is Kampong Kraeng commune classified as rural area (Commune database 2004).
According to interview with commune/Sangkat Chief we can defined that as following:
Kampong Kraeng Commune:
About 76.89% of total
household in Kampong Kraeng are
engaged in agriculture sector
particularly rice cultivation
(74.81%),long time crop (0.69%)
and grow short time supplementary
such as vegetable corn potatoes,
cucumbers, watermelon and other
crop after the cultivated season
(0.23%) and fishing (1.16%) .
2.70% of household have their own
handicraft such as small handicraft of food processing, 7.70% of total household work in service
sector and about 12.71% of total household do other work. 4.39% of heads of households are
working as government officials but they usually are engaged in other activities after working
hour in order to complement the low salary. 3.16% of total household are employer in private
sector. Seasonal migration is a common phenomenon with around 2.07 % of total population
have proper job in the out side hometown while 0.99% have no proper job out side the
hometown. The total rate of unemployment from the age of 18 to 60 is around 8.42% total
population.
13%
8%
3% Agriculture
Handicraft
Service
Other Work
76%
12
Table 7: List of handicraft and services in Kampong Kraeng Commune
Type of business Number
Small rice mill 40
Motorbike and bicycle repairing shop 7
Furniture processing shop 1
Small business service (hair cut, massage, karaoke shop) 7
Small Business (food shop, grocery shop…..) 33
Guess house 1
Input battery 3
13
Main Occupation of household
in Sangkat Kampong Bay
4% 2%
15%
Agriculture
Handicraft
Service
Other Work
79%
14
Sangkat Treuy Koah
About 65.90% of
total household in
Sangkat Treuy Koah are
engaged in agriculture
sector particularly rice
cultivation (21.51%), long
time crop cultivated
(0.64%), fishing (43.19%)
and animal raising
(0.56%). Around 1.43 %
of household work in
service sector and 32.67%
occupy in other work
such as trader, wholesaler or other business. Around 3.43% of heads of households are working
as government officials but they usually are engaged in other activities after working hour in
order to complement the low salary. 3.98% of total household are employer in private sector.
Seasonal migration is a
common phenomenon
with around 2.62 % of
total population having
have proper job in the out
side hometown while
0.62% have no proper job
out side hometown.
There is no
unemployment in this
Sangkat.
15
Main Occupation of Household
in Treuy Koah
33%
Agriculture
Handicraft
Service
Other Work
0% 66%
1%
Makprang Commune
About 90% of total household are engaged in agriculture sector particularly rice
cultivation (12%), long time crop cultivated (64%) , short time crop 8% and around 4% live
depend on non forest product. Around 5 % of household work in service sector and 5% occupy
in other work such as trader, wholesaler or other business.
Trapeang Thom Commune
About 62% of total families in this commune are engaged in agriculture sector and about
3% raising animal. The other family occupy in supplementary work such as wholesaler,
handicraft and palm sugar processing.
16
Kampong Kandal Commune
About 35% of total families in this commune occupy in business and wholesaler. This
commune located in the center of Kampot, therefore around 61% occupy in service sector such
as government official, 2% occupy as worker and 2% work in rice field.
Krang Ampil Commune
About 30% of total families in this commune are engaged in agriculture sector and
raising animal. 20% occupy as government official, 25% are worker and 25% occupy in business
and wholesaler.
Andoung Khmaer
About 57% of total families are engaged in agriculture sector while 30% work in
government sector. There is only 3% are worker and 10% occupy in business and wholesaler.
Chum Kriel Commune
About 77% of total families are engaged in agriculture sector particularly rice cultivation
(73%), fishing (3%) and animal raising (1%). 2% occupy in service sector and 21% occupy in
other work.
17
The lowest monthly income falls down to US$9 per month for very poor households,
while the highest household income can reach up to US$365 per month for rich households. This
pattern suggests a significant income inequality and a big gap between poor households and rich
households. There are about 83 percent of households having a monthly income reported lower
than the average monthly income of the surveyed households.
18
Table 10: Household distribution according to expenditure categories
Category Percent of households
Low household expenditure
(<US$100 per month) 26
Medium household expenditure
(between US$100 and US$300 per month) 60
High household expenditure
(>US$300 per month) 14
The average cash income is around USD97 per month. The distribution of monthly
income of households in Sangkat Kompong Bay indicates a great variation around the mean and
a big income difference between the very poor households (very low income) and very rich
households (very high income).The lowest monthly income falls down to US$7 per month for
very poor households, while the highest household income can reach up to US$293 per month
for rich households. There are about 65 percent of households having a monthly income reported
lower than the average monthly income of the surveyed households.
19
Household monthly expenditure
The expenditure for each household in Sangkat Kampong Bay is larger than income.
Household satisfied to answer the expense than the income. The average of household
expenditure in Kampong Bay is around 173USD per month.
In term of categories of total household expenditure, 23 percent of households fell into the low
expenditure category (total monthly expenditure less than US$100), 62 percent of households -
into medium expenditure category (total monthly expenditure in between US$100 and US$300),
and, 15 percent - into the high expenditure category (total monthly expenditure more than
US$300).
20
Monthly income distribution for households in Sangkat Treuy Koah
(Project Survey 2009)
21
relation between households would be easily motivated to do collective works rather than a
fractal community.
Apart from social structure and cultural inherit; the household relation is also dependent
on education level and living condition. There is notably observed a very good spatial sorting of
livelihood. In general, rich people or dignitaries tend to collectively settle themselves on the
most favorable and expensive land, whereas businessmen, vendors and other middle class people
are housing in the center, closed to the markets or along the main roads or on the land of second
order. Low income or poor people occupy the remaining part, where the land is generally the
most unfavorable and hazardous. This situation is made that the poor are the most vulnerable and
affected targets.
22
problems or conflicts between households. However, in some of the cases, the resettlement goes
through a private negotiation among households.
There is a good advantage in the urban society that the sewerage system and sanitation facilities
are in general well integrated and pre-defined by the competent authorities before the house
construction starts. This means that a newly house builder is obligated to integrate its sanitation
facility into the existing framework. This could also imply that integrated sanitation system is a
must for each urban household.
In this peri-urban area, the traditional household relation and rural community structure
remain unbroken by economic activities. Household in general knows their neighboring quite
well, and the good relationship goes even as far as 1-2 km away from home. However, this
relationship seems to have been broken between the inner and outer sub-zones. The social
unconformity between the two sub-zones was also reported in some locations. Although, both
sub-zones share common sanitation problems, i.e., lack of integrated system, the outer sub-zone
23
seems to be less affected thank to its location at relatively higher ground level. The cross subsidy
is very unlikely to be practical between these two sub-zones.
24
5.5.1 Poverty Mapping
During the kick off meeting with Kampot provincial Governor, the local authorities
including Deputy provincial Governor, district governors and some commune council have
mentioned that they already conducted poor household identification based on 16 criteria which
are defined by Ministry of Planning. The 16 criteria are listed below:
1. This house belongs to you or you rent it from other person.
2. Material used to make roof of the house (interviewer examines and fill up, do not
ask)
3. Material used to make the wall of the house (interviewer examines and fill up, do not
ask)
4. General condition of the house (interviewer examines and fill up, do not ask)
5. What is the size of your house? (interviewer asks and examines)
6. Household income
6a. What is your major income among the income activities: rice cultivation, vegetable
planting or crop planting, and other activities?
6b. How much area of rice cultivation, vegetable planting or crop planting land? (include
your own land, rented land and land surround the premise)
6.c What kind of fishing tools do you have?
6.d What are your major income activities?
7. Livestock raising activities
7a. Do you raise pig, goat, cow, buffalo, horse? If yes, how many are they? How many of
them do you exchange raising1 with other people? (for people who live on land)
7b. Do you raise pig? If yes, how many are they? How many of them do you exchange
raising2 with other people? (for people who live on water)
8. Within the last 12 months do you owe someone's rice? If yes, how many month?
9. Household members
9a. How many member does your family have?
9b. How many member of your family that do not have income?
10. How much property do you have? List down
11. How many transportation means do you have? List down
1
The exchange raising in here means a person look after live stock (for example a cow) for a someone and when
that cow gives the first birth then the first baby cow will long to the person who look after the cow, when the cow
gives second birth and then the second baby cow will belong to the cow owner.
2
The exchange raising in here means a person look after live stock (for example a cow) for a someone and when
that cow gives the first birth then the first baby cow will long to the person who look after the cow, when the cow
gives second birth and then the second baby cow will belong to the cow owner.
25
12. Within the last 12 months is there any even happen that make you lose income, face
food shortage, sold your properties, or borrow money from other people?
13. Your members
13a. How many person in your family are 6 years old to 11 years old?
13b. How many of them do not go to school?
13c. What reasons that cause those children do not go to school?
14. Special condition that causes their livelihood goes down?
15. Special condition that causes their livelihood goes up?
15a. Within the last 12 months do you receive any support from your children or your
relations?
15b. Within the last 12 months, what even that improves your family's livelihood?
16. The interviewer should check, is there any doubtful answer?
26
5.5.2 Result of poverty mapping
According to the survey and waypoints of poor household category 1 and 2 collected
from field, we have observed that:
The condition of poor household category 1- there are four types of poor household
category 1 i.e. 1- poor households have not land live on illegal land like road side, river side or
public land; 2- poor households have no land but live on other people's land to look after land or
farm of other people; 3- poor households have no land but live with their relation like son or
daughter live with their parents or their auntie or their uncle or the parents live with their son or
daughter etc.; 4- poor households have their own house and land. In general poor households in
type 4 live quite far from the main road and scatter, only foot path they use to reach their houses.
The condition of poor household category 2- most of them have their own house and
land. Most of their house located not less than 100 meter far from the main road or water supply
network.
Based on the distribution of those poor households category 1 and 2, we can see that it is
quit difficult for the project to help those poor people in potable water supply because most of
them located far from the water supply system.
The result of poverty list for each village will be attached with the ANNEX-II.
6. Gender Issue
Women play an important
role in the family such as prepare
food for families, take care of the
children, management of family
financial resource. In Cambodia
society women is more responsible
in the family than men especially
for housework including cleaning
the house, fetching and boiling
water, cooking and washing. In
additional some women also work
outside house to earn the cash income such as running the small business like weaving, sale
agriculture product, food, ect….at the local market in order to generate substantial cash income
of the family. The majority of sellers in Sangkat Kampong Bay are women. Some women in
Sangkat Treuy Koah and Kampong Kraeng commune have their small business in Kampot town
market. Women will benefit from the extension of Kampot Water Supply Project as they are
27
responsible for fetching water for cooking and washing. In term of sanitation, women are more
venerable than men because women face the problem of the lack of latrine. So, the availability of
appropriate latrines is most required for the dignity of the women.
7. Dwelling
The residence in Kampot down town has divided in six category such as cottage, zinc,
wooden brick, flat and village. People live in the flat in the urban with more density that in the
peri-urban that people live in big land within the house that made of zinc, wooden, brick.
However, poor people live in cottage that build of bamboo/wood, with the roof cover by palm or
coconut leaves while the rich live in the village or dwelling build of brick or luxury wood. The
table bellows are described the type of resident in each commune and target village:
Table 13: Number of residence classified by roof in target village (Commune data 2008)
Type of residence Total in Prey Thnot Kampong
Commune Village Kraeng Village
Roof build of palm/coconut/grass leaves 438 20 28
Roof build of Zinc/Fibro 607 60 184
Roofing tile 160 13 37
Flat with many household 1 1 0
Flat 17 15 1
Village 8 5 3
28
Type of residence in Kampong Kraeng & Prey Thnot Village (Project survey 2009)
29
Type of residence in Kampong Bay Tboung & Prey Kampong Bay Cheung Village
(Project survey 2009)
Sangkat Treuy Koah
Some part of Sangkat Treuy
koah defined as urban and some part
still in the peri-urban area. Around
74.95 percent have the dwelling that
have roof build from zinc or fibro,
16.90 percent of dwelling are
palm/coconut/grass roof, 5.70 percent
are roofing tile and 2.34 percent are
flat. According to the information
from Sankat authority 156 families
live in public land in 2008.
Table 15: Number of residence classified by roof in target village (2008)
Type of residence Total in Daun Toak Ta Ang Village
Commune Village
Roof build from palm/coconut/grass 166 0 6
leaves
Roof build from Zinc/Fibro 736 262 159
Roofing tile 56 7 6
Flat 23 0 7
Village 1 0 0
30
Type of residence in Daun Toak & Ta Angk Village (Project survey 2009)
This commune defined as peri-urban that 60% of total dwelling have roof made of zinc or
fibro, 2.58% have roof made of grass or palm/coconut leaf, 7.24% are tile roof, 26% are flat,
3.44% are flat with many families in and 0.74% are villages.
Andoung Khmaer commune:
This commune defined as peri-urban that 83.26% of total dwelling have roof made of zinc or
fibro, 7.95% are tile roof, 6.56% have roof made of grass or palm/coconut leaf,1.5% are flat,
0.21 % are flat with many families in and 0.52% are villages.
Chumkriel commune:
Chumkriel commune is defined as peri-urban. Around 88.84% of total dwelling have roof
made of zinc or fibro, 5.99 % are tile roof, 1.86% have roof made of grass/leaf, 3.1% are flat and
0.21% are flat with many families in.
Kampong Kandal commune
This commune defined as urban area. About 56.66% of total dwelling have roof made of
zinc or fibro, 29.57% are flat, 7.49% are tile roof, 4.25% are flat with many families in and
2.03% are villages.
Trapeang Thom commune
Trapeang Thom is defined as peri-urban area. About 72.53% of dwelling have roof made of
zinc or fibro, 8.90% are tile roof, 3.29% are grass or leaf roof, 13.54% are flat, 1.35% are flat
with many families in and 0.39% are villages.
Makprang Commune
31
Makprang commune is defined as peri-urban. About 50% of dwelling have roof made of zinc
or fibro, 44% are grass or leaf roof, 3% are tile roof, 3% are flat.
32
Source of Water in Kampong Kraeng Commune
3% 3%
9%
31% Pipe Water
Pump well
Dug well
Pond
River, stream, lake
41% Rain stored
13%
However, in dry season household drink pipe water around 33.59 percent. Only 4.62
percent have their own safe water instrument to process the safe water and 49.31 percent drink
boiled water. Household were also asked for the time taken to fetch water. 46.07 percent fetch
the water less than 150 meters from home and 29.58 percent go to fetch water more than 150
meters.
Related to water supply in Sangkat Kampong Bay, there is 93.01 percent use water line
from Kampot water supply. Among those, there is 70.89 percent connected from private
company, 6.57 percent use water from neighbor household. There is only 6.99 percent use source
water from pond. 93.18 percent fetch water less than 150 meters from home.
7%
Pipe Water
Pond
93%
There is 5.68 percent have their own water instrument to process the safe water and 36.98
percent drink boiled water. There is a company that provides service for solid waste collection
33
but the service is not good because of the delay and not clear about the collection schedule. This
commune is often flood in the raining season. About 13.72 percent have no latrine.
Some part of Sangkat Treuy Koah is defined as Peri-urban area. The water supply system
is limited in this Sangkat. There have water supply system for the household along the big road.
This water supply system manages by community that support by CWCC. Around 92.35 use
pipe water that 70.46 percent connected from private company with price of water is quite high
4,000 Riel per cubic meter.
3% 3%
1% 0%
Pipe Water
Dug well
Pond
River, stream, lake
Rain stored
93%
About 73.32 percent fetch water more than 150 meter far away from home. 45.02 percent
boiled water for drinking and 0.40 percent have the safe water instrument to produce safe
drinking water. There is no waste collection and sewage system in this commune. People burn
the rubbish in their own land. The sanitation and environment sector not yet establish. About
91.47% of total household have no latrine.
8.2 Water Sources used in the target area covered by the pipe by
Kampot Wtare Supply
At present, the service coverage of KWS
covers Kampot Municipalities and some parts of
Teuk Chhou district. For Kampot Municipality,
the service cover 5 communes where Kampong
Kandal covers 70.04%, Kampong Bay covers
63.68%, Krang Ampil covers 51.53%, Andoung
Khmer covers 29.91% and Traeuy Kaoh 0.78%.
For Teuk Chhu district, the service cover 4
communes where Chum Kriel commune covers 2%, Trapaeng Thum commune covers 7.26%,
34
Kampong Kraeng commune covers 0.77% and Keakprang commune cover 12.46%. Detail of
household connection is shown in table 15 below:
Table 16: Percentage of connection in Kampot Municipality
Kampot Municipality Household Population Connection Percentage
1. Sangkat Kampong Kandal 1452 7746 1017 70.04
a- Sovann Sakor Village 794 4113 441 55.54
b- Muoy Ousaphie Village 658 3633 576 87.54
2. Sangkat Kampong Bay 1148 6056 731 63.68
a- Kampong Bay Cheung Village 678 3604 380 56.05
b- Kampong Bay Tboung Village 470 2452 351 74.68
3- Sangkat Krang Ampil 914 4735 471 51.53
a- Svay Thum Village 358 1903 160 44.69
b- Krang Village 556 2832 311 55.94
4- Sangkat Andoung Khmaer 1926 10003 576 29.91
a- Tvi Khang Tboung Village 572 3037 281 49.13
b- Tvi Khang Cheung Village 430 2380 206 47.91
c- Andoung Khmaer Village 262 1244 16 6.11
d- Ou Touch Village 374 1915 73 19.52
e- Ta Deb Village 288 1427 0 0.00
5- Sangkat Traeuy Koah 1151 5674 9 0.78
a- Ta Angk Village 171 997 9 5.26
b- Doun Taok Village 295 1317 0 0.00
c- Srae Village 318 1415 0 0.00
d- Buoeng Tapream Village 367 1945 0 0.00
Total Connection in Kampot Municipality 6591 34214 2804 42.54
%
80 70.04
63.68
70
51.53
60
50
29.91
40
30
20
0.78
10
0
Kampo ng Kandal Kampo ng B ay Krang A mpil A ndo ung Khmer Traey Ko ah
35
Table 17: Percentage of connection in Teuk Chhu District
Teuk Chhu District Household Population Connection Percentage
1. Chum Kriel Commune 983 5212 20 2.03
a- Chum Kriel Village 335 1710 1 0.30
b- Trapeang Thum Village 234 1194 0 0.00
c- Samraong Village 177 922 18 10.17
d- Kampong Kandal Village 237 1386 1 0.42
2. Trapeang Thum Commune 537 2739 39 7.26
a- Trapeang Thum Village 148 764 38 25.68
b- Svay Thum Village 145 665 1 0.69
c- Krang Village 118 605 0 0.00
d- Trapeang Chrey Village 126 705 0 0.00
3. Kampong Kraeng Commune 390 2630 3 0.77
a- Kampong Kraeng Village 248 1564 3 1.21
b- Prey Tnaot Village 142 1066 0 0.00
4. Meakprang Village Commune 626 3130 78 12.46
a- Snam Prampir Village 626 3130 78 12.46
Total Connection in Teuk Chhu District 2536 13711 140 6.62
%
12.46
14
12
10 7.26
6
2.03
4 0.77
0
Chum Kriel Trapeang Thum Kampong Kraeng Meak Prang
The water supply system is limited in Sangkat Treuy Koah. There have water supply
system for the household along the big
road. This water supply system manages
by community that support by CWCC.
Around 92.35 use pipe water that 70.46
percent connected from private company
with price of water is quite high 4,000
Riel per cubic meter.
In general poor households are
more likely to be affected by the high
cost of water due to the fact that they
37
don't have access to public pipe line or are not affordable for the connection.
But the percentage of household use pipe water for drinking was felled down during the
raining season because people stored rain water to use instead of pipe water.
In Kampong Kraeng Commune, the sources of drinking water is 75.60 percent used pipe
water in dry season and it decreased to 49.26 percent in raining season when the use of rain
water up to 45.36 percent in raining season. The chart below shows the comparison of source of
drinking water that household use in dry and raining season.
80
75.6
70
60
49.26
50 45.36
Dry season
40
Rainning Season
30
20
11.25
5.85 3.43 6.82
10
0.48 1.95
0
38
Pipe Pump w ell Dug w ell Lake/river Rain
In Kampong Bay, the percentage of househol use pipe water for drinking in dry season is around
97% and it decreased to 84% in raining season.
120
100 96.96
84.12
80
Dry season
60
Rainning Season
40
20 14.19
0.00 0.34 0.00 2.36
0.00 0.34
0 1.69
Pipe Pump w ell Dug w ell Lake/river Rain
In Sangkat Treuy Koah about 83.69 percent of household used pipe water in dry season and it
remains 69.55 percent of household use pipe water in raining season.
90 83.69
80 69.55
70
60
50 Dry season
40 Rainning Season
30 21.84
20
10.46
10 7.69 3.4
0.3 2.15 0.92
0
n
pe
er
el
el
ai
w
v
w
Pi
R
/ri
p
ug
ke
m
D
Pu
La
According to the survey indicated that the sources of water for cooking in each target
area are not much difference from the sources of water used for drinking. The majority people
prefer to use pipe water for cooking in dry season but they save the money by using rain water in
39
stead of pipe water in raining season. The chart bellow shows the comparison of sources water
for cooking in dry and raining season by each target commune/sangkat.
%
80 75.6
70
60
49.26
50 43.41
Dry season
40
Rainning Season
30
20 11.25
10 5.85 3.9 6.82
0.48 3.43
0
Pipe Pump w ell Dug w ell Lake/river Rain
90 82.15
80
70 65.84
60
50 Dry season
40 Rainning Season
30 22.46
20 14.15
10.76
10 0.3 2.46 0.94 0.94
0
Pipe Pump w ell Dug w ell Lake/river Rain
120
96.28
100
82.43
80
Dry season
60
Rainning Season
40
15.88
20
0.00
0.00 3.04 1.69 0.34
0.340.00
0
n
l
pe
er
el
el
ai
w
v
w
Pi
R
/ri
p
ug
ke
m
D
Pu
La
40
8.3.3. Sources of water for bathing
The survey also indicates that the majority of people use pipe water for bathing in dry
season. However, they use rain water instead of pipe water in the raining season. The chart
bellow show the comparison of the sources water for bathing
%
90
80.3
80
70
60
50 43.38 Dry season
41.53
40 Rainning Season
30
20 15.4
13.25
10 3.7 1.84
0.3 0.3
0
Pipe Pump w ell Dug w ell Lake/river Rain
70 65.36
60 54.14
50
40 Dry season
28.29
30 Rainning Season
20.97
20
10.75 11.7
10 4.9 1.95
0.97 0.97
0
Pipe Pump w ell Dug w ell Lake/river Rain
100 94.93
90
80
70
57.77
60
Dry season
50 39.53
Rainning Season
40
30
20
10 4.052.36 0.68
0.00
0.00 0.34 0.34
0
Pipe Pump w ell Dug w ell Lake/river Rain
41
8.3.4 Sources of water for washing
The sources of water for washing are not difference from the sources water for bathing in
each target area. The percentage of the household that used pipe water is high in dry season but it
is felled down in the raining season because they use rain water instead pipe water. The chart
bellow show the difference of sources water for washing between dry and raining season.
%
70
62.92
57
60
50
40 Dry season
30 22.45 22.95 Rainning Season
20 14.65
11.7
10 4.9
0.97 1 1.46
0
Pipe Pump w ell Dug w ell Lake/river Rain
90
79
80
70
60
Dry season
50 44.61
38.46 Rainning Season
40
30
20 16.92
15.38
10 3.38 0.35
0.35 1.55
0
Pipe Pump w ell Dug w ell Lake/river Rain
94.93
100
90
80
70
60 53.72
Dry season
50 42.91
40 Rainning Season
30
20
10 0.00
0.00 0.34 0.34 4.05 3.04 0.68
0
Pipe Pump w ell Dug w ell Lake/river Rain
42
9. Willingness to pay for water connection fee
According the socio-economic survey show the reason why household do not uses the
pipe water as the following chart:
Related to the question if family want to connect the water from Kampot water supply or
not, about 94 percent of household in Kampong Kraeng want to connect, 95 percent of
household in Kampong Bay provide positive idea on the water connection and 95 percent of
household in Treuy Koah also want to connect from Kampot water supply. The majority of the
household about 94 percent in all the target area agree on the price of the water 1,400 riel per
cubic meter. The chat below show the percentage of household agree/disagree on the current
water price (1,400 Riel/cubic meter)
%
100
94 94 94
90
80
70
60
Kampong Kraeng
50
Kampong Bay
40
Treuy Koah
30
20
10 5 3 3 4
3 2
0
Agreed Disagreed No Answer
The percentage of household agree/disagree on the price 1,400 riel per cubic meter
43
However, it was difficult to deal up with the connection fee. The current cost of total
connection is around 474,600 Riel (113 USD). Related to this cost, 78 percent of household in
Kampong Kraeng agree to pay while 80 percent of household in Kampong Bay are also agreed
to pay too but it around 69 percent of household in Treuy Koah agree to pay on that cost.
%
90
80
78
80
69
70
60
Kampong Kraeng
50
Kampong Bay
40 Treuy Koah
28
30
19 17
20
10 4 3 3
0
Agreed Disagreed No Answer
44
in the field, 3% use in public, 4% use
neighboring toilet. In Kampong
Kandal the percentage of household
has no private toilet is about 2.90 %.
This Sankat located in the middle of
the town, 29% amount that
household defecate in the field, 7%
use public latrine, 25% use
neighboring toilet and 29% defecate
in the water. 38.44% of household in Krang Ampil have no toilet, 59% of those household
defecate in the field while 39% use neighboring toilet. Only 13.72% of household in Kampong
Bay have no latrine, 65% defecate in the field, 26% use neighboring toilet. About 46.48% have
no latrine in Andoung Khmer, 73% defecate in the field, 9% use public latrine, 12% use
neighboring toilet and 4% defecate into the water. Around 91.47% of household in Traeuy Koah
have no private toilet and 100% of those people defecate in the field.
45
10.1 Toilet Type
The survey indicated that types of latrine that household used in the target area are:
public latrine, pit latrine, dig & bury, pour flash, septic tank, latrine connected to sewage, some
household use neighbor latrine and other latrine.
Regarding to the questionnaire asked about the type of latrine that household want to build in
Chum Kriel, about 35% prefer septic tank, 4% want to build septic tank. In Kampong Kraeng,
65% prefer pit latrine while 3% prefer septic tank. In Makprang, 78% prefer pit latrine, 16%
prefer septic tank and 6% prefer dry latrine. In Trapeang Thom, 65% prefer pit latrine while 15%
prefer septic tank. In Kampong Kandal, among household that have no latrine, 96% prefer pit
latrine and 4% prefer septic tank. In Krang Ampil, 100% of household than have no latrine
prefer to build pit latrine. 68% of household in Kampong Bay prefer to build pit latrine while
16% prefer septic tank. In Andoung Khmer, 51 % prefer pit latrine, 16% prefer to build septic
tank and 28% prefer dry latrine. 68% of household in Treuy Koah prefer pit latrine, 9% prefer
septic tank while 16% prefer dry latrine.
47
- Plan to dig 5 pond
- Plan to dig 50 dig well
- Plan to rehabilitate 10 well
- Find the donor to support the construction of 500 latrine
In Kampong Bay have the problem with sewage system because it is flood in raining
season and another problem is the service of solid waste collection is not proper. The commune
council has put the critical issue for commune development plan for year 2009 as following:
- Prepare sewage system 2,500 meters
- Connect pipe water for people use 1,796 meters
- Awareness raising people to use boil water for drinking 12 times
- Educate people to construct latrine for 120 families
- Plan to construct waste water system 2,871 meters
- Plan to prepare 1 garbage pile
- Plan to establish 1 garbage kiln
Sangkat Treuy Koah: people difficult to access to pipe water system and the price of
water is very high 4,000 Riel per cubic meter. There is no service of solid waste collection. The
commune council suggests improving the pipe water system, solid waste collection service and
sewage system. They also suggest the construction of latrine because only 15 percent of
household have latrine.
Makprang commune: The commune council has put the critical issue for sanitation in
five years planning to build latrine in amount of 76,000,000 Riel and amount 2,000,000 Riel for
sanitation eductation.
Trapeang Thum commune: This commune plan to build 40 latrines for 200 of
beneficiaries.
Kampon Kandal commune: The main problem for this commune is flood, so commune
council has made the plan as following:
- Rehabilitate sewage for rain draining 4,500 meter
- Prepare sewage system 3,756 meter
- Education on latrine construction 60 times per annual
Krang Ampil commune:
- Safe water connection 3500 meter
- Education on latrine construction 60 times per annual
Andoung Khmaer commune:
- Prepare rain draining system 4,500 meter
- Safe water connection 3,500 meter
48
- Education on latrine construction 60 times per annual
- Provide rubbish can to household and put in public about 500 can
Chumkriel commune:
- Safe water connection 2,500 meter
- Build 200 latrine
- Sanitation education 8 times per annual
The Water Supply service of Kampot covers Kampot Municipalities and some parts of Teuk
Chhou district. For Kampot Municipality, the service cover 5 Sangkat where Sangkat Kampong
Kandal covers 70.04%, Sangkat Kampong Bay covers 63.68%, Sangkat Krang Ampil covers
51.53%, Sangkat Andoung Khmer covers 29.91% and Sangkat Traeuy Kaoh 0.78%. For Teuk
Chhu district, the service cover 4 communes where Chum Kriel commune covers 2%, Trapaeng
Thum commune covers 7.26%; Kampong Kraeng commune covers 0.77% and Keakprang
commune cover 12.46%. The water supply that they provide is 24 hours a day with at least 2b
pressure. The water supply coverage of Kampot Water Supply Utility is shown in Figure below.
49
Present water supply coverage of Kampot town
PRESENT WATER SUPPLY COVERAGE OF KAMPOT TOWN N
W E
Kampong Kraeng
Krang Ampil
Kampong Bay
Trapeang Thum
Andoung Khmaer
In Sangkat Andoung Khmaer - the water supply will be extended in two villages: Andoung
Khmaer and Ta Deb village.
In Sangkat Traeuy Kaoh - the water supply will be extended in three villages, Ta Angk, Doun
Kaot and Srae villages, and extended to a new village Traeuy Kaoh village.
In Chum Kriel commune - the water supply will be extended in two villages: Samraong and
Kampong Kandal villages
50
In Trapaeng Thum commune - the water supply will be extended in two: Trapaeng Thum and
Svay Thum villages
In Kampong Kraeng commune - the water supply will be extended in two villages: Kampong
Kraeng and Prey Tnaot villages
In prey Khmum commune, the water supply will be extended to a new village, Boeng Ta Roung
In Trapaeng Pring commune, the water supply will be extended to two new villages: Trapaeng
Pring and Angk villages
In Trapaeng Sangkae commune, the water supply will be extended to two new villages:
Kampong Kae and Trapaeng Thum villages.
The water supply coverage of Kampot Water Supply Utility is shown in Figure and Table
below.
W E
Prey Khmum S
Kampong Kraeng
Krang Ampil
Andoung Khmaer
Kampong Kandal
Chum Kriel
Teuk Chhu
District
Traeuy Kaoh
Kampot LEGEND
Municipality
Water supply coverage
Road
Water supply pipeline
Commune boundary
District boundary
Scale 1:45000
0 1 2 3 Km
51
Future extension of water supply
52
ANNEX- I
KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA
NATION RELIGION KING
***********
MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY MINE AND ENERGY
PROVINCIAL INDRUSTRY MINE AND ENERGY OF KAMPOT
KAMPOT WATER SYPPLY
*********
I. General Condition
1. Family condition
Address:……………..village……………..commune……………district……………province
Head of the family's name :…………………… Gender: male female Age:………...
Number of people in the family: ……………….
2. Distant from the house to main pipe :……………… meters
3. Which grade of poverty of your family has been classified?