Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
$0%,(17,',3529$(0(72'2/2*,(3(50,685((0&
(0,66,21((,0081,7 ,55$',$7$
,QWURGX]LRQH
6LWLGLPLVXUDHSURFHGXUHGLSURYDSHUOHHPLVVLRQLLUUDGLDWH
&DPSLHOHWWURPDJQHWLFLGLVRUJHQWLDUWLILFLDOL
)HQRPHQLIRQGDPHQWDOLGHOOD(0&
3UHYHQ]LRQHGHLIHQRPHQLGLLQWHUIHUHQ]D
6RUJHQWLGLGLVWXUELHOHWWURPDJQHWLFL
6RUJHQWLDUWLILFLDOLQRQLQWHQ]LRQDOLGLGLVWXUELHOHWWURPDJQHWLFL
0HFFDQLVPLGHPLVVLRQHVXVFHWWLELOLWjHGDFFRSSLDPHQWR
6RPPDULR
SDUWLFRODUH QHOOD EDQGD GD 0+] DG *+] 'RSR DYHU HYLGHQ]LDWR
OLPSRUWDQ]DGLILVVDUHXQDVLWXD]LRQHDPELHQWDOHGLULIHULPHQWRSHUGHVFULYHUHLO
FRPSRUWDPHQWR GL VLVWHPL UDGLDQWL VL SDVVHUj D GHVFULYHUH L VLWL GL PLVXUD H OH
SURFHGXUHGLSURYDSHUYHULILFDUHODFRQIRUPLWjDLOLPLWLILVVDWLGDOOHQRUPHGHOOH
HPLVVLRQLHGHOOHLPPXQLWjLUUDGLDWHGLXQDSSDUDWRLQSURYD
,QWURGX]LRQH
,O IXQ]LRQDPHQWR LQ WUDVPLVVLRQH HG LQ ULFH]LRQH GHOOH DQWHQQH FRVu FRPH LO
DIIHUPDUHFKHLQSDUWLFRODULFRQGL]LRQLODPELHQWHSDUWHFLSDLQPDQLHUDDWWLYDDO
SURFHVVR UDGLDWLYR WDQWR FKH QRQ KD TXDVL VHQVR GLVWLQJXHUH WUD DPELHQWH HG
DSSDUDWR LQ SURYD 3HU GHVFULYHUH TXLQGL LO FRPSRUWDPHQWR GL WDOL RJJHWWL
RFFRUUHILVVDUHFRQYHQ]LRQDOPHQWH XQDVLWXD]LRQHDPELHQWDOHGLULIHULPHQWRLQ
UHOD]LRQH DG HVVD VL SRVVRQR GHILQLUH FHUWH JUDQGH]]H ULJXDUGDELOL FRPH
FDUDWWHULVWLFKH GHJOL RJJHWWL LQ VWXGLR SURSULR LQ TXDQWR ODPELHQWH VLD VWDWR
GHILQLWR XQD YROWD SHU WXWWH 4XHVWD VLWXD]LRQH DPELHQWDOH GL ULIHULPHQWR q OR
GLVWDQ]H WUD VRUJHQWL HG DOWUL HOHPHQWL GHO VLVWHPD WDOL FRQGL]LRQL SHUz QRQ
VSHVVRVHJXLWDFRQVLVWHQHOODOORQWDQDUHHIIHWWLYDPHQWHLOSLSRVVLELOHLOVLVWHPD
LQSURYD GDRJQL DOWUR RJJHWWR VLDOOXGHDL FDPSL SURYD DOODSHUWR 2SHQ $UHD
7HVW 6LWH 2$76 LQ FXL SHU PDQWHQHUHJOLRJJHWWLLQ SURYD ORQWDQR DQFKH GDO
VXRORVLULFRUUHDGDOWHWRUULGLVXSSRUWR7DOHVROX]LRQHSHUzDQFKHTXDQGROH
'XUDQWHLOSHULRGRVLVRQRUHVLGLVSRQLELOLPDWHULDOLGDOOHDFFHQWXDWH
DVVRUEHQWL D ODUJD EDQGD /D SRVVLELOLWj GL ULYHVWLUH GDOOLQWHUQR FRQ WDOL
PDWHULDOLOHSDUHWLGLXQJHQHULFRDPELHQWHKDFRQVHQWLWRGLRWWHQHUHDOFKLXVR
XQD UHJLRQH GHOOR VSD]LR DOOLQWHUQR GHOOD TXDOH L IHQRPHQL HYROYRQR FRPH VH
HVVD IRVVH FLUFRQGDWD GD XQR VSD]LR YXRWR LOOLPLWDWR 3RFR LPSRUWD FKH OD
UDGLD]LRQH VL SHUGD DOOLQILQLWR R QHO PDWHULDOH DVVRUEHQWH FLz FKH FRQWD q FKH
UDGLD]LRQH VL HVDXULVFD DOOLQWHUQR GHO PDWHULDOH DVVRUEHQWH FRQVHQWH SRL GL
VFKHUPDWHRQRQSHULOORURSUHJLRGLIRUQLUHXQD]RQDGLSURYDSHUPLVXUHLQ
VSD]LROLEHURODUHJLRQHHQWURFXLVRQRYHULILFDWHOHFRQGL]LRQLGHVLGHUDWHGHWWD
]RQD LPSHUWXUEDWD R ]RQD GL TXLHWH QRQ FRLQFLGH FRQ WXWWR OR VSD]LR LQWHUQR
GHOODFDPHUDDQHFRLFDPDqQRWHYROPHQWHSLSLFFRODLQFRQGL]LRQLFRQWUROODWH
H VHPSUH FRPRGDPHQWH DJLELOL WURYDQR VHPSUH SL ODUJR LPSLHJR LQ VHGH
LQGXVWULDOH H SUHVVR JUDQGL ODERUDWRUL GL ULFHUFD 1HO FDVR LQ FXL OD FDPHUD
DQHFRLFDVLDXQRVWUXPHQWRGLULFHUFDGLDPSLDXWLOL]]DELOLWjVLULFKLHGHDGHVVD
GDXQDSDUWHODPDVVLPDYHUVDWLOLWjGDOODOWUD SUHVWD]LRQLLQJHQHUDOHVXSHULRULD
TXHOOH FKH SRVVRQR HVVHUH ULWHQXWH VRGGLVIDFHQWL SHU XQD PLVXUD LQGXVWULDOH GL
FRQWUROORPROWRSLGLIILFLOHLQTXHVWRFDVRVLSUHVHQWDSHUWDQWRODGHOLQHD]LRQH
GHOOHVXHFDUDWWHULVWLFKHVWUXWWXUDOLHGLGHWWDJOLRYDOHD GLUHLOVXRSURJHWWR
3ULPDGLSURFHGHUHDOODGHVFUL]LRQHGHLVLWLGLPLVXUDPDJJLRUPHQWHDGRSHUDWLq
6LWLGLPLVXUDHSURFHGXUHGLSURYDSHUOHHPLVVLRQLLUUDGLDWH
6LWLGLPLVXUDDOODSHUWR
/RELHWWLYRGLXQODERUDWRULRGLSURYDqRWWHQHUHPLVXUHDFFXUDWH HULSURGXFLELOL
LUUDGLDWH UHODWLYH DOO(0& q FRVWLWXLWR GDO VLWR DOODSHUWR GHVFULWWR QHOOD QRUPD
&GHOO$16,$PHULFDQ1DWLRQDO6WDQGDUG,QVWLWXWH
2$76
$16,&
$SSDUDWRLQ
SURYD
6WUXPHQWRGL
PLVXUD
$QWHQQD
5
&DYR
5
'LVWDQ]DGL
PLVXUD
5
)LJXUD6FKHPDWL]]D]LRQHGHOO2$76
8Q VLWR DOODSHUWR qFRVWLWXLWR GD XQSLDQRPHWDOOLFRSLDQR GL PDVVDSRVWR LQ
XQDUHDOLEHUDGDRVWDFROLLQPRGRGDQRQDYHUHULIOHVVLRQLLQGHVLGHUDWH/DUHD
ODQWHQQDULFHYHQWHGHOODVWUXPHQWD]LRQHGLPLVXUD4XHVWLVLWLVRQRXWLOL]]DWLSHU
PLVXUHDG5 PRSSXUHDG5 P
&RPH JLj q VWDWR HYLGHQ]LDWR LQ SUHFHGHQ]D XQ 2$76 SUHVHQWD L GXH
LQFRQYHQLHQWLFKHTXLVLULSRUWDQRLQTXDOFKHGHWWDJOLR
/HQRUPDWLYHSUHVFULYRQRFKH OHPLVXUHGLHPLVVLRQLLUUDGLDWHGHYRQRHVVHUH
HIIHWWXDWHLQDPELHQWLLQFXLLOOLYHOORGHLGLVWXUELHOHWWURPDJQHWLFLQRQHPHVVL
GDJOLDSSDUDWLLQSURYDGHYHHVVHUHLQIHULRUHULVSHWWRDLOLPLWLGDFFHWWD]LRQH
GL DOPHQR G% 3XUWURSSR QHJOL DPELHQWL XUEDQL]]DWL q PROWR GLIILFLOH
WURYDUH XQDUHD OLEHUD GD SHUWXUED]LRQL HOHWWURPDJQHWLFKH SHU FXL GLYHQWD
TXDVLLPSRVVLELOHGLVSRUUHGLXQVLWRGLTXHVWRWLSR
OHYHQWXDOLWj GL QRQ SRWHU HIIHWWXDUH OH PLVXUH D FDXVD GL FRQGL]LRQL
PHWHRURORJLFKHDYYHUVH
/HFDPHUHVFKHUPDWHVHPLDQHFRLFKH
8QD YDOLGD DOWHUQDWLYD DOOXWLOL]]R GHL VLWL DOODSHUWR SHU OH PLVXUH GHPLVVLRQL
LUUDGLDWH q FRVWLWXLWD GDOOH FDPHUH VFKHUPDWH VHPLDQHFRLFKH &66$ GHVFULWWH
QHOODQRUPD$16,&HQHO&,635
8QDFDPHUDVHPLDQHFRLFDVFKHUPDWDqFRVWLWXLWDGDXQDFDPHUDVFKHUPDWDOHFXL
SDUHWL LQWHUQH HG LO VRIILWWR VRQR ULFRSHUWL GD PDWHULDOH DQHFRLFR FRQ SURSULHWj
DQHFRLFD QHOOD FDPHUD VHPLDQHFRLFD LO SDYLPHQWR q FRVWLWXLWR GD XQ SLDQR GL
PDVVD SHUIHWWDPHQWH FRQGXWWRUH /D FDPHUD VFKHUPDWD VHUYH DG LPSHGLUH DL
VHJQDOLHVWHUQLGLFRQWDPLQDUHODPELHQWHLQWHUQRPHQWUHLOPDWHULDOHDVVRUEHQWH
QRQSHUPHWWH ODULIOHVVLRQHGHOOHHPLVVLRQLGHOGLVSRVLWLYRLQSURYDVXOOH SDUHWL
SHULPHWUDOLHVXOVRIILWWR,OPDWHULDOHDQHFRLFRVLPXODLOVLWRLQFDPSRDSHUWR,O
IHQRPHQRGHOODULIOHVVLRQHSXzHGHYHDYYHQLUHVXOSLDQRGLPDVVDGHOODFDPHUD
,PDWHULDOLDQHFRLFLXWLOL]]DWLSRVVRQRHVVHUHGLWUHWLSL
x IHUULWL
x SLUDPLGL GLPDWHULDOHSROLXUHWDQLFRWUDGL]LRQDOH
x )HUUR6RUE
VXO TXDOH OH VLQJROH PDWWRQHOOH GL IHUULWH VRQR DVVHPEODWH PDQXDOPHQWH SHU
JDUDQWLUHDFFRSSLDPHQWLSUHFLVLWUDXQDSLDVWUHOODHODOWUD
)LJXUD3DQQHOORGLIHUULWH
/H SLDVWUHOOH GL IHUULWH SRVVLHGRQR XQHOHYDWD DWWHQXD]LRQH GHOOD UDGLD]LRQH D
UDGLRIUHTXHQ]D LQFLGHQWH LQ SDUWLFRODUH QHOOR VSHWWUR GL IUHTXHQ]D GD SRFKL
PHJDKHUW] VLQR ROWUH *+] H VRQR SHU ORUR QDWXUD QRQ LQILDPPDELOL
8QHVWHQVLRQHGLWDOH LQWHUYDOORGLIUHTXHQ]HILQRDLy *+]qSRVVLELOH
TXDORUDVLVRYUDSSRQJDDWDOLSDQQHOOLVHQ]DSUHJLXGL]LRSHUOHSUHVWD]LRQLGHO
GLHOHWWULFR WUDGL]LRQDOH VL FRPSRUWD LQ PRGR HFFHOOHQWH DOOH IUHTXHQ]H SL
HOHYDWH GRYH LO UDSSRUWR WUD OD OXQJKH]]D GHOOH SLUDPLGL H OH SUHVWD]LRQL q
)HUUR6RUE FRQVHQWH GL RYYLDUH DO PDJJLRUH LQJRPEUR GHL FODVVLFL PDWHULDOL
SROLXUHWDQLFLDOGHFUHVFHUHGHOODIUHTXHQ]DGLXWLOL]]R
,Q SDVVDWR TXDQGR L PDWHULDOL DVVRUEHQWL QRQ HUDQR PROWR HIILFDFL YHQLYDQR
PRWLYDWH LQ EDVH DG XQD DQDOLVL RWWLFRJHRPHWULFD GHOOH ULIOHVVLRQL
DOOLQWHUQRGHOODFDPHUDVWHVVD,QHQWUDPELLFDVLLOGLVHJQRqFRQFHSLWRLQPRGR
FKHLUDJJLFKHQRQLOOXPLQDQRGLUHWWDPHQWHOD]RQDXWLOHSRVVDQRDJLUHVXGLHVVD
VROWDQWR TXDQGR OD ORUR LQWHQVLWj VL VLD PROWR ULGRWWD LQ VHJXLWR D GLYHUVH
ULIOHVVLRQLVXFFHVVLYH
$WWXDOPHQWH SHUz OLPSLHJR GL PDWHULDOL DVVRUEHQWL SL HIILFDFL DQFKH SHU
DQJROL GLQFLGHQ]D ULVSHWWR DOOD QRUPDOH QRWHYROL UHDOL]]DWL FRQ XQD VWUXWWXUD
VXSHUILFLDOH D EXJQDWR SLUDPLGDOH DFXPLQDWR KD ULGRWWR GL PROWR OLPSRUWDQ]D
GHO SUREOHPD GHOOH ULIOHVVLRQL VSHFXODUL HG KD SRUWDWR LQ GHILQLWLYD
DOODEEDQGRQRGLWDOLFRQILJXUD]LRQLFKHFRPSRUWDYDQRFRQOHORURGLVFRQWLQXLWj
VWUXWWXUDOL
HIIHWWL
GLIIUDWWLYL
VIDYRUHYROL
GLYHQXWL
SUHYDOHQWL
)LJXUD &DPHUD DQHFRLFD D GLDIUDPPD SLDQWD 'HO WXWWR DQDORJD q OD
VH]LRQHORQJLWXGLQDOHYHUWLFDOH
)LJXUD&DPHUDDQHFRLFDDSDUHWLGHIOHWWULFLVH]LRQHWUDVYHUVDOHJHQHULFDH
/HUHDOL]]D]LRQLSLUHFHQWLVRQRSHUWDQWRFDUDWWHUL]]DWHGDXQDJHRPHWULDPROWR
&66$
$16,& H&,635
0DWHULDOHDQHFRLFR
3LDQRGLPDVVD
)LJXUD&DPHUDVFKHUPDWDVHPLDQHFRLFDUHWWDQJRODUHFRQFRQLDVVRUEHQWL
$WWHQXD]LRQHQRUPDOL]]DWDGHOVLWR
8QD FDPHUD DQHFRLFD q FDUDWWHUL]]DWD GD XQ SDUDPHWUR IRQGDPHQWDOH FKH
UDSSUHVHQWDXQLQGLFHGHOOHTXLYDOHQ]DGHOVLWRUHDOHULVSHWWRDGXQRLGHDOHFRQOH
GL XQD &66$ VL PLVXUDQR SHU PH]]R GHL YDORUL GHOO16$ QHOOD JDPPD GL
IUHTXHQ]H VXSHULRUL DG *+] OH SUHVWD]LRQL VL PLVXUDQR DWWUDYHUVR L YDORUL GL
)67/ )UHH 6LWH 7UDQVPLVVLRQ /RVV D YROWH ULIHULWD DQFKH FRPH 167/
1RUPDOLVHG6LWH7UDQVPLVVLRQ/RVV3HUGHILQLUHO16$qQHFHVVDULRGHILQLUH
LQQDQ]LWXWWRLOSDUDPHWUR
9O
95
6$
GHWWRDWWHQXD]LRQHGHOVLWR
$WWHQXD]LRQHGHOVLWR6$
9O
95
'LSROR
WUDVPLWWHQWH
'LSROR
ULFHYHQWH
)LJXUD'HILQL]LRQHGHOODWWHQXD]LRQHGHOVLWR6$
/DWWHQXD]LRQHGHOVLWRqGXQTXHGHILQLWDFRPHLOUDSSRUWRWUDODWHQVLRQH 9O DL
FDSL GL XQ GLSROR WUDVPLWWHQWH H OD WHQVLRQH 95 IRUQLWD GD XQ PLVXUDWRUH
FRQQHVVRDGXQDQWHQQDULFHYHQWHGLSRORULFHYHQWH
8WLOL]]DQGR LO IDWWRUH GL DQWHQQD $)5 VL ULFRUGD FKH LO IDWWRUH GDQWHQQD q
GHILQLWR FRPH LO UDSSRUWR WUD LO FDPSR HOHWWULFR LQFLGHQWH VXOOD VXSHUILFLH
GHOODQWHQQDGLPLVXUDHODWHQVLRQHPLVXUDWDDLPRUVHWWLGHOODQWHQQDXQLSRWHVL
IRQGDPHQWDOHSHUODPLVXUDGHOIDWWRUHGDQWHQQDFRQVLVWHQHOIDWWRFKHLOFDPSR
LQFLGHQWH GHYH HVVHUH SRODUL]]DWR LQ PRGR GD RWWHQHUH LO PDVVLPR VHJQDOH DL
95
(
$)5
PHQWUH 9O SXzHVVHUHHVSUHVVDQHOOLSRWHVLGLPDVVLPRWUDVIHULPHQWRGLSRWHQ]D
DWWLYDGDSDUWHGHOJHQHUDWRUHGLLQJUHVVRFRPH
9O
9
HVVHQGR 9 OD WHQVLRQH D YXRWR GHO JHQHUDWRUH HTXLYDOHQWH FRQQHVVR DO GLSROR
DFFRUGDWR /DWWHQXD]LRQH GHO VLWR DOORUD SXz HVVHUH HVSUHVVD SHU PH]]R GHOOD
UHOD]LRQH
6#
9 $(
(
5
)LVVDWDODOWH]]DGHOODQWHQQDWUDVPLWWHQWHODOWH]]DGHOODQWHQQDULFHYHQWHYLHQH
YDULDWD DO ILQH GL WURYDUH LO YDORUH PDVVLPR GHO FDPSR HOHWWULFR LQFLGHQWH ,O
YDORUH PDVVLPR GHO FDPSR HOHWWULFR VL KD TXDQGR ORQGD GLUHWWD q LQ IDVH FRQ
ORQGD ULIOHVVD GDO SLDQR GL PDVVD ,Q TXHVWH FRQGL]LRQL q SRVVLELOH FDOFRODUH
ODWWHQXD]LRQHGHOVLWRDWWUDYHUVRODVHJXHQWHUHOD]LRQH
6$
I ( ' PD[
0,685$'(//$77(18$=,21('(/6,72
7,32',&21),*85$=,21(
$)7
KW HP
*HQHUDWRUHGL
VHJQDOH
$)5
'
5
3LDQR
ULIOHWWHQWH
KU P
5LFHYLWRUH
(0,
)LJXUD7LSRGLFRQILJXUD]LRQHSHUODPLVXUDGHOO$WWHQXD]LRQHGHO6LWR
/DUHOD]LRQHSUHFHGHQWHHVSUHVVDLQGHFLEHOGLYHQWD
5# #(4 #(6 NQI
H ' & OCZ
FRQ $)5 H $)7 HVSUHVVH LQ G% I HVSUHVVD LQ 0+] H ( ' PD[ LQ G%9P
&RQRVFHQGR L YDORUL GL $)5 H $)7 q SRVVLELOH VYLQFRODUVL GDOOD WLSRORJLD
GHOODQWHQQDSHUFXLQRQqQHFHVVDULRXWLOL]]DUHGLSROLDFFRUGDWL
6LGHILQLVFHSRLDWWHQXD]LRQHQRUPDOL]]DWDGHOVLWRODJUDQGH]]D
6$
$) $)
5 7
16$
G%9P
0,685$'(//16$
7,32',&21),*85$=,21(32/$5,==$=,21(25,==217$/(
$QWHQQDDODUJDEDQGDRGLSRORDFFRUGDWR
P
$)7
KW HP
*HQHUDWRUHGL
VHJQDOH
KU
5
$)5
P
5LFHYLWRUH
(0,
)LJXUD7LSRGLFRQILJXUD]LRQHSHUODPLVXUDGHOO16$
'XUDQWH OD PLVXUD ODOWH]]D GHOODQWHQQD ULFHYHQWH YLHQH YDULDWD SHU WURYDUH OD
$WWHQXDWRUH
0LVXUDWRUH
9GLUHWWD
)LJXUD0LVXUDGHOODWHQVLRQHGLUHWWD
,OYDORUHGHOO16$SXzDOORUDHVVHUHFDOFRODWRFRPH
16$
GRYH WXWWL L WHUPLQL VRQR HVSUHVVL LQ GHFLEHO H '$)WRW q LO IDWWRUH GL PXWXD
LPSHGHQ]DWUDODQWHQQDULFHYHQWHHODQWHQQDWUDVPLWWHQWH
9DOLGD]LRQHGLXQD&66$0HWRGR9ROXPHWULFR
$IILQFKp XQD &66$ SRVVD HVVHUH XWLOL]]DWD SHUHIIHWWXDUH PLVXUH (0& UHODWLYH
DOOH HPLVVLRQL LUUDGLDWH GL XQ DSSDUDWR LQ SURYD GHYH HVVHUH YDOLGDWD
TXDOLILFDWD
8Q VLWR GL PLVXUD q DFFHWWDELOH ULVSHWWD FLRq OH QRUPH VH L YDORUL
GHOO$WWHQXD]LRQH 1RUPDOL]]DWD GHO 6LWR FRQ SRODUL]]D]LRQH RUL]]RQWDOH H
YHUWLFDOHVLGLVFRVWDQRULVSHWWRDLYDORULWHRULFLGHILQLWLGDOOHQRUPH(1
WROOHUDQ]DGL r G%FRPSUHQGHOHLQFHUWH]]HGHOODVWUXPHQWD]LRQHJOLHUURULGL
PLVXUD]LRQHHJOLHUURULGRYXWLDOOHDQRPDOLHGHOVLWR
8QEXRQVLWRGLPLVXUDqTXHOORFKHFRQWULEXLVFHDOODWROOHUDQ]DGL r G%FRQXQ
YDORUHQRQVXSHULRUHDG G%$16,&
/DQRUPDWLYDGLULIHULPHQWR&,635VWDELOLVFHFKHODYHULILFDGHOO16$GHYH
HVVHUH HIIHWWXDWD LQ XQ YROXPH 7DOH YROXPH UDSSUHVHQWD OD FRVLGGHWWD ]RQD GL
TXLHWH RYYHUR OD ]RQD LPSHUWXUEDWD VHQVLELOPHQWH SL SLFFROD GHOOLQWHUR VLWR
GRYH VXFFHVVLYDPHQWH GRYUj HVVHUH SRVL]LRQDWR ODSSDUDWR LQ SURYD SHU SRWHU
HIIHWWXDUHOHPLVXUHGHOOHVXHHPLVVLRQLLUUDGLDWHQHOSLHQRULVSHWWRGHOOHQRUPH
0,685$'(//16$&21,/0(72'292/80(75,&2
32/$5,==$=,21(25,==217$/((9(57,&$/(
$QWHQQHDODUJDEDQGD
$7
$5
P
P
P
P
P
'
)LJXUD0HWRGRYROXPHWULFR
,O PHWRGR YROXPHWULFR FRQVLVWH QHOOR VSRVWDUH ODQWHQQD WUDVPLWWHQWH LQ GLYHUVH
/DQWHQQDWUDVPLWWHQWHGHYHHVVHUHSRVWDLQDOPHQRFLQTXHSXQWL)LJXUD
,QRJQLSXQWRODPLVXUDGHYHHVVHUHHIIHWWXDWDVLDSHUXQDOWH]]DSDULDPVLD
PqSRVVLELOHXQDWHU]DPLVXUDSHUXQDOWH]]DSDULDPLQSRODUL]]D]LRQHVLD
RUL]]RQWDOHFKHYHUWLFDOH3HURJQLSRVL]LRQHHGDOWH]]DGHOODQWHQQDWUDVPLWWHQWH
H SHU HQWUDPEH OH SRODUL]]D]LRQL ODOWH]]D GHOODQWHQQD ULFHYHQWH GHYH HVVHUH
YDULDWDGDPDPSHUULFHUFDUHDGRJQLIUHTXHQ]DODPDVVLPDLQGLFD]LRQHGL
VHJQDOH VXOOR VWUXPHQWR ULFHYLWRUH PDVVLPR FDPSR LQ ULFH]LRQH FRQQHVVR D
TXHVWXOWLPD/DGLVWDQ]DGLPLVXUD'WUDOHGXHDQWHQQHGHYHHVVHUHPDQWHQXWD
QRUPH SUHYHGH GLVWDQ]H GL PLVXUD GL P R P LQ UHOD]LRQH DOOD FODVVH GL
DSSDUWHQHQ]DGHOVLVWHPDFKHVXFFHVVLYDPHQWHGRYUjHVVHUHSURYDWR
/DQGDPHQWRGHOO16$ULVXOWDGHFUHVFHQWHFRQODIUHTXHQ]D
,Q GHILQLWLYD ILVVDWD OD GLVWDQ]D GL PLVXUD VH QHOOD ]RQD GL TXLHWH SHU RJQL
IUHTXHQ]D GLQWHUHVVH OD GHYLD]LRQH LQ GHFLEHO GHOO16$ ULVSHWWR DO YDORUH
FRQIRUPLVXRJJHWWLOHFXLGLPHQVLRQLVRQRWDOLGDHVVHUHFRPSUHVHQHOYROXPH
GLSURYD
3URFHGXUDGLSURYDLQ&66$SHUHPLVVLRQLLUUDGLDWH
6SHFLILFDUH LQ PRGR FKLDUR FRPH VL GHEEDQR PLVXUDUH OH HPLVVLRQL GL XQ
GLVSRVLWLYR SHU SRWHUQH YHULILFDUH OD FRQIRUPLWj DL OLPLWL ILVVDWL q GL SDUL
LPSRUWDQ]D FKH FKLDULUH OHQWLWj GL WDOL OLPLWL RYYLR FKH VH OH SURFHGXUH
VHFRQGRFXL GHYRQRHVVHUHVYROWHOHPLVXUH QRQ VRQRILVVDWHLQPRGRXQLYRFR
PD VRQR ODVFLDWH DOOLQWHUSUHWD]LRQH GHO SHUVRQDOH FKH GHYH HVHJXLUH WDOL
RSHUD]LRQLDOORUDqSRVVLELOHRWWHQHUHSHUORVWHVVRDSSDUDWRLQVLHPLGLYHUVLGL
GDWLDOYDULDUHGHOVLWRGLPLVXUD
,Q RJQL QRUPDWLYD FKH SUHYHGD OLPLWL SHU OH HPLVVLRQL LUUDGLDWH (1
&,635 $16, &VRQRGHILQLWHLQPRGRFKLDURDQFKH OHUHJROHSHUOD
PLVXUD YHQJRQR FLRq LQGLFDWH OD SURFHGXUD SHU HVHJXLUH OD SURYD OD
VWUXPHQWD]LRQHGDLPSLHJDUHODPSLH]]DGLEDQGDGHJOLVWUXPHQWLOHDQWHQQHGL
PLVXUDHFRVuYLD
'HYLD]LRQH16$>G%@
/LPLWHVXSHULRUH
/LPLWHLQIHULRUH
)LJXUD,QYLOXSSRGHOULVXOWDWRGHOOHPLVXUH
I>0+]@
/D SURFHGXUD GL PLVXUD LQ &66$ GHOOH HPLVVLRQL LUUDGLDWH ULFKLHGH LO
SRVL]LRQDPHQWRGHOO(87(TXLSPHQW8QGHU7HVWVXGLXQDWDYRODURWDQWH QHO
YROXPH GL SURYD ]RQD GL TXLHWH SUHFHGHQWHPHQWH TXDOLILFDWR PHGLDQWH LO
PHWRGR YROXPHWULFR /(87 GHYH HVVHUH IRUQLWR GL WXWWL L FDYL
GHYHHVVHUHTXHOODFKHPDVVLPL]]DOHHPLVVLRQLLOSHUVRQDOHDGGHWWRDOODPLVXUD
GHYH GHWHUPLQDUH OD FRQILJXUD]LRQH FKH PDVVLPL]]D OH HPLVVLRQL ULFHUFDQGROD
0,685$',(0,66,21,,55$',$7(
(1&,635$16,&
%LFRQLFD
(TXLSPHQW8QGHU
7HVW
(87
/RJSHULRGLFD
3LDQRGLPDVVD
7DYRODURWDQWH
)LJXUD0LVXUDGLHPLVVLRQLLUUDGLDWH
1HO FRUVR GHOOD PLVXUD q SUHYLVWD OD URWD]LRQH GHOO(87 GD D WDOH
PRYLPHQWD]LRQH LGHQWLILFD LO YROXPH GL URWD]LRQH ULVSHWWR DO TXDOH YHQJRQR
SRVL]LRQDWHDPRPLQUHOD]LRQHDOODFODVVHGLDSSDUWHQHQ]DGHOO(87OH
DQWHQQHGLPLVXUD DQWHQQHULFHYHQWL
/DSURYDVLVYLOXSSDQHOODEDQGDGD0+]DG *+]LPSLHJDQGRGXHDQWHQQH
ULFHYHQWL XQDQWHQQD ELFRQLFD GD 0+] D 0+] HG XQDQWHQQD ORJ
ULFHYHQWLYLHQHYDULDWDGDPDPSHUULFHUFDUHDGRJQLIUHTXHQ]DLOYDORUH
PDVVLPRGHOFDPSRLUUDGLDWRGDOO(87/DULFHUFDGHOPDVVLPRFDPSRLUUDGLDWR
DYYLHQHQRQVRORYDULDQGROHDOWH]]HHOHSRODUL]]D]LRQLGHOOHDQWHQQHGLPLVXUD
PD DQFKH UXRWDQGR ODSSDUDWR PHGLDQWH OD WDYROD URWDQWH ,O ULVXOWDWR GL WXWWH
TXHVWH PLVXUH FRQVHQWH GL WUDFFLDUH LO GLDJUDPPD GL HPLVVLRQH GHOO(87 FKH
GRYUj HVVHUH FRQIURQWDWR FRQ OD PDVFKHUD SUHYLVWD GDOOH QRUPH DO ILQH GL
(0,/HYHO>G%9P@
0DVFKHUD
I>0+]@
)LJXUD'LDJUDPPDGLUDGLD]LRQHHPDVFKHUD
$WWXDOPHQWH L VLWL GL SURYD VRQR GRWDWL GL DSSDUHFFKLDWXUH FKH SHUPHWWRQR GL
DXWRPDWL]]DUH OLQWHUD SURFHGXUD GL PLVXUD VWUXPHQWL FRQWUROODWL GD XQ
FDOFRODWRUHVSRVWDQRYHUWLFDOPHQWHOHDQWHQQHQHFDPELDQRODSRODUL]]D]LRQHH
UHJLVWUDQR L GDWL $QFKH L JUDILFL GHGRWWL GDL GDWL ULOHYDWL GXUDQWH OD PLVXUD
YHQJRQRHVHJXLWLDXWRPDWLFDPHQWH7XWWRFLzYHORFL]]DQRWHYROPHQWHODUDFFROWD
GHL GDWL LQ SDUWLFRODUH YHQJRQR UHJLVWUDWH WXWWH TXHOOH IUHTXHQ]H SHU FXL OH
HPLVVLRQL VXSHUDQR LO OLPLWH ILVVDWR H SHU TXHVWH IUHTXHQ]H OD SRVL]LRQH
DQJRODUHGHOO(87HODSRVL]LRQHHODSRODUL]]D]LRQHGHOODQWHQQDGLPLVXUD
1HOODSUDWLFDOHPLVXUHYHQJRQRHIIHWWXDWHFRQGHLULOHYDWRULGLSLFFR HSRLQHL
SXQWL LQ FXL L OLYHOOL GL GLVWXUER VXSHUDQR L OLPLWL GL HPLVVLRQH GHILQLWL GDOOH
QRUPH OH PLVXUH YHQJRQR ULSHWXWH FRQ GHL ULOHYDWRUL GL TXDVL SLFFR FKH
ULFKLHGRQRXQWHPSRGLPLVXUDPROWRSLOXQJRULVSHWWRDLSULPL
6LWLGLPLVXUDHSURFHGXUHGLSURYDSHUOLPPXQLWjLUUDGLDWD
/RVFRSRGHOOHSURYHGLPPXQLWjLUUDGLDWDqTXHOORGLYHULILFDUHOLPPXQLWjGHOOH
DSSDUHFFKLDWXUHVLQJROLDSSDUDWLRVLVWHPLDLFDPSLHOHWWURPDJQHWLFLJHQHUDWLGD
TXDOXQTXH DOWUR GLVSRVLWLYR FKH HPHWWD HQHUJLD HOHWWURPDJQHWLFD LQ PRGR
FRQWLQXDWLYR 7DOL SURYH QRQ SRVVRQR HVVHUH HIIHWWXDWH LQ XQ VLWR DOODSHUWR LQ
TXDQWR FRPSRUWDQR LO SUREOHPD D OLYHOOR GL VLFXUH]]D GL LUUDGLDUH LQ FDPSR
OLEHUR HOHYDWL OLYHOOL GL FDPSR HOHWWURPDJQHWLFR WDOL GD GLVWXUEDUH ODPELHQWH
FLUFRVWDQWH/DQRUPDWLYDGLULIHULPHQWRqOD,(&ODTXDOHGHVFULYHFKHXQ
DPELHQWH q LGRQHR SHU HIIHWWXDUH PLVXUH GLPPXQLWj LUUDGLDWD VH VL ULHVFH D
UDJJLXQJHUHLQDVVHQ]DGHOORJJHWWRLQSURYDXQDFHUWDXQLIRUPLWjGLFDPSRVX
XQDVXSHUILFLHGLuP/XQLIRUPLWjLQJHQHUH y G%YLHQHULFKLHVWD
VX XQD PDWULFH GL SXQWL GLVWDQWL P OXQR GDOODOWUR HG LQ DOPHQR GL
TXHVWLSXQWLGHOODVXSHUILFLHFRPHPRVWUDWRLQ)LJXUD
P
P
P
3LDVWUHOOHGLIHUULWH
)LJXUD 6XSHUILFLH GL u P OXQJR L SXQWL GHOOD TXDOH GHYH HVLVWHUH
OXQLIRUPLWjGLFDPSR
8QDVLPLOHXQLIRUPLWjGLFDPSRVLULHVFHDGRWWHQHUHHVFOXVLYDPHQWHLQDPELHQWL
PROWR SDUWLFRODUL TXDOL OH FDPHUH VFKHUPDWH DQHFRLFKH R OH FDPHUH VFKHUPDWH
VHPLDQHFRLFKH GLVSRQHQGR VXO SLDQR ULIOHWWHQWH SDYLPHQWR GHO PDWHULDOH
DVVRUEHQWHLQSDUWLFRODUHGHOOHSLDVWUHOOH GLIHUULWH)LJXUD
P
P
3LDVWUHOOHGLIHUULWH
$QWHQQDWUDVPLWWHQWH
)LJXUD&RQILJXUD]LRQHGLPLVXUDGHOOXQLIRUPLWjGLFDPSR
1HOODFRQILJXUD]LRQHGLPLVXUDGHOOXQLIRUPLWjGLFDPSRODQWHQQDWUDVPLWWHQWH
ELFRQLFD SHU OLQWHUYDOOR GL IUHTXHQ]H y 0+] ORJSHULRGLFD SHU
OLQWHUYDOOR y *+]LQSRODUL]]D]LRQHRUL]]RQWDOHRYHUWLFDOHqSRVWDD
P GDOOD VXSHUILFLH PHQWUH OD VXSHUILFLH q SRVWD D FP GDO SDYLPHQWR 1HOOD
VXSHUILFLHYHQJRQRLQGLYLGXDWLLSXQWLLQFXLSRVL]LRQDUHOHVRQGHGLPLVXUDH
LO FRQIURQWR DYYLHQH FRQ LO SXQWR FHQWUDOH GHOOD VXSHUILFLH LO FDPSR LQ TXHVWL
SXQWL VL GHYH PDQWHQHUH LQ XQD IDVFLD GL XQLIRUPLWj GL y G% ULVSHWWR DO
YDORUHFHQWUDOH&LzVLJQLILFDFUHDUHGHOOHFRQGL]LRQLGLSURYDGRYHLOYDORUHGHO
FDPSR SXz HVVHUH DO PDVVLPR LO GRSSLR GL TXHOOR ULFKLHVWR ,QROWUH RFFRUUH
ULOHYDUHIUHTXHQ]DSHUIUHTXHQ]DODSRWHQ]DGDDSSOLFDUHLQDQWHQQDSHURWWHQHUH
OLQWHQVLWj GHO FDPSR YROXWD 6WDELOLWD OD VXSHUILFLH LQ FXL Fq XQLIRUPLWj GL
6L QRWL FKH OD SURFHGXUD GL FDOLEUD]LRQH GHO VLWR SHU YHULILFDUH OXQLIRUPLWj GL
FDPSR SHUODFRPSOHVVLWjHODGXUDWDQRQVLGHYHULSHWHUHDGRJQLVHVVLRQHGL
PLVXUDPDYDULSHWXWDDGLQWHUYDOOLGLPHVLRYROWHODQQR
&RPHJLjDFFHQQDWRLQSUHFHGHQ]DOHPRGDOLWjGLSURYDSHUOLPPXQLWj LUUDGLDWD
VRQR GHILQLWH QHOOD QRUPD GL EDVH ,(& R FRPH UHFHQWHPHQWH ULQRPLQDWD
,(& ,Q TXHVWR VWDQGDUG YHQJRQR GHILQLWL LO VHW XS GL SURYD
FRQILJXUD]LRQHGLSURYDOHSURFHGXUHGLPLVXUDHGLQROWUHLQDSSRVLWHQRUPH
GL SURGRWWR YHQJRQR GHILQLWL L SDUDPHWUL FKH GHYRQR HVVHUH PRQLWRUDWL SHU
/H SURYH GL LPPXQLWj LUUDGLDWD VHFRQGR OH SUHVFUL]LRQL GHOOH QXRYH HGL]LRQL
GHJOLVWDQGDUGVGHYRQRHVVHUHHIIHWWXDWHDSDUWLUHGD0+]ILQRDG*+]
)HQRPHQLIRQGDPHQWDOLGHOOD(0&
/D &RPSDWLELOLWj (OHWWURPDJQHWLFD VL RFFXSD FRPH VL q JLj DYXWR PRGR GL
VRWWROLQHDUHQHLSUHFHGHQWLFDSLWROLGLTXDWWURIHQRPHQLIRQGDPHQWDOL
HPLVVLRQLUDGLDWH
VXVFHWWLELOLWjUDGLDWD
HPLVVLRQLFRQGRWWH
VXVFHWWLELOLWjFRQGRWWD
FRVu FRPH LOOXVWUDWR LQ )LJXUD 8Q WLSLFR VLVWHPD HOHWWULFR HR HOHWWURQLFR
JHQHUDOPHQWHqFRVWLWXLWRGDXQRRSLVRWWRVLVWHPLLQWHUFRPXQLFDQWLSHUPH]]R
GLFDYLIDVFLFRQGXWWRUL/DSRWHQ]DQHFHVVDULDDOIXQ]LRQDPHQWRGHOVLVWHPDq
IRUQLWDGDOEORFFRDOLPHQWD]LRQHSHUPH]]RGRSSRUWXQLFDYL
&RPSRQHQWHJHQHUDWRUH
GLGLVWXUEL
$OLPHQWD]LRQH
D(PLVVLRQLUDGLDWH
&RPSRQHQWHSRWHQ]LDOPHQWH
VXVFHWWLELOH
$OLPHQWD]LRQH
E6XVFHWWLELOLWjUDGLDWD
&RPSRQHQWHJHQHUDWRUH
GLGLVWXUEL
$OLPHQWD]LRQH
F(PLVVLRQLFRQGRWWH
&RPSRQHQWHSRWHQ]LDOPHQWH
VXVFHWWLELOH
$OLPHQWD]LRQH
G6XVFHWWLELOLWjFRQGRWWD
)LJXUD6FKHPDWL]]D]LRQHGHLTXDWWURIHQRPHQLGLFXLWUDWWDOD(0&
x (PLVVLRQLUDGLDWH
/HHPLVVLRQLHOHWWURPDJQHWLFKHUDSSUHVHQWDQRLO IHQRPHQRGHOODJHQHUD]LRQHGL
FDPSLHOHWWURPDJQHWLFLDOOLQWHUQRGLXQDVRUJHQWH8QHPLVVLRQHVLGLFHUDGLDWD
VH VL SURSDJD DWWUDYHUVR ODULD ,Q GHWHUPLQDWH FRQGL]LRQL DOFXQH SDUWL GL XQ
VLVWHPDHOHWWULFRHRHOHWWURQLFRVLFRPSRUWDQRFRPHDQWHQQHLUUDGLDQWLDQFKHVH
TXHVWDQRQqODORURIXQ]LRQHXQFLUFXLWRHOHWWULFRSHUFRUVRGDFRUUHQWHYDULDELOH
XQ VRWWRVLVWHPD GD XQ FDYR FKH FROOHJD VRWWRVLVWHPL GLYHUVL RSSXUH GD XQ
FRPSRQHQWHHOHWWULFRHRHOHWWURQLFRORFDOL]]DWRDOOLQWHUQRGLXQFRQWHQLWRUHQRQ
PHWDOOLFRFRPHPRVWUDWRLQ)LJXUDD
IHQRPHQRGHPLVVLRQHGHOOHQHUJLDHOHWWURPDJQHWLFDDXPHQWDFRQ OHGLPHQVLRQL
GHOODVWUXWWXUDLUUDGLDQWH
8QRGHLFRQFHWWLSLLPSRUWDQWLFLUFDOHHPLVVLRQLUDGLDWHqTXHOORFKHFRLQYROJH
OHFRUUHQWLGLPRGRFRPXQH HOHFRUUHQWLGLPRGRGLIIHUHQ]LDOH6LFRQVLGHULXQD
FRSSLDGLFRQGXWWRULSDUDOOHOLSHUFRUVLULVSHWWLYDPHQWHGDOOHFRUUHQWLL HLFRPH
PRVWUDWR QHOOD )LJXUD 7DOL FRUUHQWL SRVVRQR HVVHUH VFRPSRVWH LQ GXH
L
L
)LJXUDFRSSLDGLFRQGXWWRULSDUDOOHOLSHUFRUVLGDFRUUHQWH
L
L&
L'
L
L&
L'
)LJXUD 'HFRPSRVL]LRQH GHOOH FRUUHQWL GL XQD OLQHD GL WUDVPLVVLRQH D GXH
ILOL
L'
L L
L& L L
/H FRUUHQWL GL PRGR GLIIHUHQ]LDOH L' VRQR XJXDOL LQ YDORUH DVVROXWR PD KDQQR
YHUVR RSSRVWR OXQJR L GXH ILOL (VVH UDSSUHVHQWDQR OH XQLFKH FRUUHQWL FKH
LGHDOPHQWH GRYUHEEHUR HVVHUH SUHVHQWL VXOOD VWUXWWXUD /H FRUUHQWL GL PRGR
FRPXQH L& VRQR XJXDOL LQ YDORUH DVVROXWR H KDQQR VWHVVR YHUVR OXQJR L GXH
FRQGXWWRULHVVHLGHDOPHQWHQRQGRYUHEEHURHVLVWHUH(VLVWRQRGLYHUVLIDWWRULFKH
SRVVRQRGDUHRULJLQHDFRUUHQWLLQGHVLGHUDWHGLPRGRFRPXQHFRPHODYLFLQDQ]D
DSLDQLGLPDVVDHDOWUHDVLPPHWULHVWUXWWXUDOL
, FDPSL HOHWWULFL JHQHUDWL GDOOH FRUUHQWL GL PRGR GLIIHUHQ]LDOH KDQQR YHUVR
RSSRVWR 7XWWDYLD QRQ VL DQQXOODQR YLFHQGHYROPHQWH SRLFKp L FRQGXWWRUL QRQ
VRQRVRYUDSSRVWLPDVLVRWWUDJJRQRGDQGRRULJLQHDGXQFDPSRHOHWWULFRUDGLDWR
FRPSOHVVLYR GL EDVVD LQWHQVLWj $O FRQWUDULR L FDPSL HOHWWULFL JHQHUDWL GDOOH
FRUUHQWLGL PRGR FRPXQH KDQQROR VWHVVR YHUVR HSHUWDQWR VL VRPPDQR GDQGR
FRVuXQFRQWULEXWRDOFDPSRWRWDOHEHQPDJJLRUHGLTXHOORIRUQLWRGDOOHFRUUHQWL
GLPRGRGLIIHUHQ]LDOH,QDOWUHSDUROHOHFRUUHQWLGLPRGRFRPXQHGHWHUPLQDQR
HPLVVLRQL UDGLDWH PROWR SL LQWHQVH GL TXHOOH JHQHUDWH GDOOH FRUUHQWL GL PRGR
x 6XVFHWWLELOLWjUDGLDWD
,OJUDGRGLVXVFHWWLYLWjGLXQVLVWHPDHOHWWULFRHOHWWURQLFRDGXQFDPSRLUUDGLDWR
GD XQ DOWUR VLVWHPD q XQ DVSHWWR GHOOD FRPSDWLELOLWj HOHWWURPDJQHWLFD FKH
SHUPHWWHGLFRVWUXLUHSURGRWWLGLTXDOLWjDIILGDELOLHGHIILFLHQWL
x (PLVVLRQLFRQGRWWH
8QHPLVVLRQHVLGLFHFRQGRWWDVHJHQHUDWDGDXQFHUWRVLVWHPDVLSURSDJDOXQJR
FRQGXWWRUL PHWDOOLFL FDYL GL DOLPHQWD]LRQH HOHWWULFD FDYL SHU L FROOHJDPHQWL GL
TXHVWDWLSRORJLDGDFFRSSLDPHQWRqSLHIILFLHQWHGLTXHOODFKHVLKDSHUHIIHWWR
GHOOD SURSDJD]LRQH LQ DULD GL FRQVHJXHQ]D FKL SURJHWWD VLVWHPL HOHWWULFL HR
LPSRUWDQWH FDSLUH FKH LO SUREOHPD GHOOLQWHUIHUHQ]D VSHVVR SXz DQGDUH EHQ
ROWUHLFRQILQLPRVWUDWLQHOOD)LJXUD3HUHVHPSLROHFRUUHQWLFKHIOXLVFRQR
LQ XQ FDYR GDOLPHQWD]LRQH VSHVVR YHQJRQR DQFKH LQLHWWDWH VXOOD UHWH GL
FRUUHQWH DOWHUQDWD (VVD TXLQGL UDSSUHVHQWD XQ JUDQGH VLVWHPD GL DQWHQQH GDO
TXDOH OH HPLVVLRQL FRQGRWWH VRQR LQ JUDGR GL LUUDGLDUH FRQ JUDQGH HIILFLHQ]D
FRQGRWWH SRVVRQR HVVHUH OD FDXVD GL HPLVVLRQL UDGLDWH H TXLQGL FDXVD
HPLVVLRQL FRQGRWWH KDQQR OR VFRSR GL OLPLWDUH OH LQWHUIHUHQ]H GHOOH HPLVVLRQL
UDGLDWH GRYXWH DOOH FRUUHQWL GL GLVWXUER SUHVHQWL VXOOD UHWH GL GLVWULEX]LRQH
GHOOHQHUJLDDFDXVDGHOODORURIXRULXVFLWDDWWUDYHUVRLFDYLGDOLPHQWD]LRQHGLXQ
GDWRVLVWHPD
6HXQVLVWHPDHOHWWULFRHOHWWURQLFRQRQULVSHWWDLOLPLWLQRUPDWLYLVXOOHHPLVVLRQL
FRQGRWWH LO VRGGLVIDFLPHQWR GHOOH QRUPH VXOOH HPLVVLRQL UDGLDWH q XQLQXWLOH
SUHFDX]LRQHLOFRQWHQLPHQWRGHOOHHPLVVLRQLFRQGRWWHKDODVWHVVDLPSRUWDQ]DGL
TXHOOHLUUDGLDWH
LPSRUWDQWL HFFH]LRQL FRPH OD GLVSRVL]LRQH GHL ILOL GHVWLQDWL D SRUWDUH VHJQDOL
GLJLWDOL GL WHPSRUL]]D]LRQH R GL GDWL YLFLQR DL ILOL GDOLPHQWD]LRQH FKH
FRPSRUWDQRODFFRSSLDPHQWRGHLVHJQDOLGLJLWDOLFRQLOFDYRGDOLPHQWD]LRQH
1HOODSUDWLFDQRQHVLVWHDOFXQSURGRWWRHOHWWURQLFRFKHVLDLQJUDGRGLVRGGLVIDUH
OHQRUPHVXOOHHPLVVLRQLFRQGRWWHVHQ]DGRYHUXWLOL]]DUHILOWULSRVWLVXOFRUGRQH
GDOLPHQWD]LRQHLQSURVVLPLWjGHOODVXDXVFLWDGDOSURGRWWR
x 6XVFHWWLELOLWjFRQGRWWD
/DVXVFHWWLELOLWjFRQGRWWDGLXQVLVWHPDqODVHQVLELOLWjGHOORVWHVVRDOOHHPLVVLRQL
FRQGRWWH FLRq DL GLVWXUEL HOHWWURPDJQHWLFL FKH VL SURSDJDQR DWWUDYHUVR L FDYL
FRPHVFKHPDWL]]DWRLQ)LJXUDG
,VLVWHPLHOHWWULFLHOHWWURQLFLSRVVRQRHVVHUHVXVFHWWLELOLDPROWHLQWHUIHUHQ]HFKH
VIUXWWDQR FRPH YLD GDFFHVVR L FDYL GDOLPHQWD]LRQH HR L FROOHJDPHQWL GL
FRQWUROOR H VHJQDOD]LRQH 8Q HVHPSLR RYYLR q TXHOOR GHL WUDQVLWRUL LQGRWWL GDL
IXOPLQLFKHFROSLVFRQR OHOLQHHGLWUDVPLVVLRQHGHOOHQHUJLDHOHWWULFDJHQHUDQGR
VRSSULPHUHOHPLVVLRQHDOODVRUJHQWH
UHQGHUHLOIHQRPHQRGLDFFRSSLDPHQWRLOPHQRHIILFLHQWHSRVVLELOH
/D SULPD OLQHD GL GLIHVD SHU FRPEDWWHUH OH LQWHUIHUHQ]H HOHWWURPDJQHWLFKH q
FRVWLWXLWDGDOVRSSULPHUHSHUTXDQWRVLDSRVVLELOHOHPLVVLRQHDOODVRUJHQWH,Q
SDUWLFRODUH VL ULFRUGD FKH UHVWULQJHQGR OR VSHWWUR GHOOH HPLVVLRQL VL ULGXFH GL
FRQVHJXHQ]D OHIILFLHQ]D GHO IHQRPHQR GDFFRSSLDPHQWR H TXLQGL DQFKH LO
OLYHOOR GHO VHJQDOH FDSWDWR DO ULFHYLWRUH HOHPHQWR VHQVLELOH 8Q PRGR GL
SURFHGHUH SXz HVVHUH TXHOOR GL DJJLXQJHUH DO VLVWHPD HPHWWLWRUH FRPSRQHQWL
FKHULGXFDQRLOOLYHOORGHOOHHPLVVLRQLUDGLDWHHFRQGRWWHDQFKHVHFLzFRPSRUWD
XQFRVWRDJJLXQWLYRFKHYDVRPPDWRDOFRVWRGLSURGX]LRQHGHOSURGRWWRVWHVVR
PRGR GD HYLWDUH OD SURSDJD]LRQH VX FDYL R LQ JHQHUDOH VX VWUXWWXUH FKH OH
LUUDGLHUHEEHURLQ PRGRPROWRHIILFLHQWH*OLLQGXWWRULLQYHFHYHQJRQRLPSLHJDWL
SHUVIUXWWDUHLOORURHIIHWWRGLEORFFRQHLFRQIURQWLGHOOHFRUUHQWLGLGLVWXUER
3UHFHGHQWHPHQWHqVWDWRHYLGHQ]LDWRFKHXQRGHLFRQFHWWLSLLPSRUWDQWLFLUFDOH
HPLVVLRQL LUUDGLDWH q TXHOOR FKH FRLQYROJH OH FRUUHQWL GL PRGR FRPXQH H OH
FRUUHQWLGLPRGRGLIIHUHQ]LDOH3HUULGXUUHLOOLYHOORGHOOLUUDGLD]LRQHGRYXWDDOOH
FRUUHQWL GL PRGR GLIIHUHQ]LDOH DG XQD IUHTXHQ]D GDWD q SRVVLELOH DGRWWDUH L
VHJXHQWLULPHGL
x ULGXUUHOLQWHQVLWjGHOODFRUUHQWH
x ULGXUUHODUHDGHOFLUFXLWR
PHQWUHSHUULGXUUHLOOLYHOORGLLUUDGLD]LRQHGRYXWDDOOHFRUUHQWLGLPRGRFRPXQH
DXQDIUHTXHQ]DGDWDqSRVVLELOHDGRWWDUHLVHJXHQWLULPHGL
x ULGXUUHOLQWHQVLWjGHOODFRUUHQWH
x ULGXUUHODOXQJKH]]DGHOODOLQHD
5HQGHUHLOIHQRPHQRGDFFRSSLDPHQWRLOPHQRHIILFLHQWHSRVVLELOH
3HUULGXUUHOHIILFLHQ]DGLXQIHQRPHQRGDFFRSSLDPHQWRVLSRVVRQRHYLGHQ]LDUH
GLYHUVLPHWRGLGLIRU]DEUXWDSULPRWUDTXHVWLqODVFKHUPDWXUD
FRPSOHWDPHQWHXQVLVWHPDHOHWWULFRHOHWWURQLFRRXQDVXDSDUWH,FRPSLWLGLXQR
VFKHUPR VRQR GXH FRVu FRPq LOOXVWUDWR QHOOD )LJXUD ,O SULPR FRPH
GHVFULWWR QHOOD )LJXUD D q GL LPSHGLUH DOOH HPLVVLRQL GHL GLVSRVLWLYL
HOHWWURQLFL GHOODSSDUHFFKLDWXUD R GL XQD VXD SDUWH GL LUUDGLDUVL DOOHVWHUQR GHO
VFKHUPR LOOXVWUDWR QHOOD )LJXUD E q GL LPSHGLUH DOOH HPLVVLRQL LUUDGLDWH
HVWHUQH DOODSSDUHFFKLDWXUD GL DFFRSSLDUVL FRQ L GLVSRVLWLYL HOHWWURQLFL LQWHUQL
FDXVDQGRLQWHUIHUHQ]HDOORURIXQ]LRQDPHQWR
8QR VFKHUPR q TXLQGL FRQFHWWXDOPHQWH XQD EDUULHUD DOOD WUDVPLVVLRQH GHL
FDPSL HOHWWURPDJQHWLFL 3XUWURSSR SHUz OD VFKHUPDWXUD q HIILFLHQWH VROR VH OR
VFKHUPR UDFFKLXGH FRPSOHWDPHQWH L GLVSRVLWLYL HOHWWURQLFL H QRQ SUHVHQWD YLH
GDFFHVVRYHUVROHVWHUQRFRPHDSHUWXUHJLXQWXUHIHVVXUHRFDYL4XDOVLDVLYLD
GDFFHVVRDWWUDYHUVRXQRVFKHUPRVHQRQDGHJXDWDPHQWHWUDWWDWDSXzULGXUUH
GUDVWLFDPHQWHOHIILFLHQ]DGHOORVWHVVR
$QWHQQD
$QWHQQD
6FKHUPR
6FKHUPR
)LJXUD,OOXVWUD]LRQHGHOOXWLOL]]RGLXQFRQWHQLWRUHVFKHUPDWR
DSHULPSHGLUHOXVFLWDGHOOHHPLVVLRQLLUUDGLDWH
ESHULPSHGLUHOLQJUHVVRGHOOHHPLVVLRQLLUUDGLDWH
,OIHQRPHQRGHOODFFRSSLDPHQWRHOHWWURPDJQHWLFRQRQYROXWRWUDILOLHSLVWHGHL
FLUFXLWLVWDPSDWLFKHVLWURYDQRYLFLQLWUDORURqGHQRPLQDWRGLDIRQLD/DGLDIRQLD
UDSSUHVHQWD XQ IHQRPHQR GL LQWHUIHUHQ]D LQWHUQD GL XQ VLVWHPD OD VRUJHQWH
VLYHULILFKLGLDIRQLDRFFRUUHODSUHVHQ]DGLDOPHQRWUHFRQGXWWRULLQXQDOLQHDGL
WUDVPLVVLRQHDGXHFRQGXWWRULQRQHVLVWHLOIHQRPHQRGHOODGLDIRQLD
/D GLDIRQLD SXz LQIOXHQ]DUH VLD OH HPLVVLRQL UDGLDWH HR FRQGRWWH GL XQD
DSSDUHFFKLDWXUDVLDODVXVFHWWLYLWjGLXQDSSDUDWRDOOHHPLVVLRQLGLXQDOWUR/H
HPLVVLRQLGLXQFHUWRVLVWHPDVLSRVVRQRDFFRSSLDUHVXOFDYRGDOLPHQWD]LRQHGL
XQVHFRQGRVLVWHPDGDFXLSRVVRQRXOWHULRUPHQWHDFFRSSLDUVLLQWHUQDPHQWHSHU
GLDIRQLDDTXDOFKHDOWURFDYRHFLzUDSSUHVHQWDXQDXPHQWRGHOODVXVFHWWLYLWjDO
VHJQDOH HVWHUQR GD SDUWH GHO VLVWHPD 3HU OLQHH VHQ]D SHUGLWH SHUIHWWDPHQWH
FRPSRQHQWLXQDGRYXWDDOODPXWXDLQGXWWDQ]DIUDLGXHFLUFXLWLDFFRSSLDPHQWR
LQGXWWLYRHODOWUDGRYXWDDOODPXWXD FDSDFLWjIUDLGXHFLUFXLWLDFFRSSLDPHQWR
,QSUHFHGHQ]DVLqLSRWL]]DWDXQDOLQHDVHQ]DSHUGLWHSHUIHWWDPHQWHFRQGXWWULFHH
FLUFRQGDWDGDXQPH]]RVHQ]DSHUGLWH/LSRWHVLGLXQPH]]RVHQ]DSHUGLWHqLQ
JHQHUH XQ LSRWHVL YDOLGD SHU IUHTXHQ]H VRWWR L *+] , FRQGXWWRUL QRQ SHUIHWWL
4XHVWRIHQRPHQRqGHWWRDFFRSSLDPHQWRWUDPLWHOLPSHGHQ]DGLPRGRFRPXQH H
SURGXFHDOOHEDVVHIUHTXHQ]HXQDGLDIRQLDGLIRQGRSUDWLFDPHQWHLQGLSHQGHQWH
GDOODIUHTXHQ]D/DFFRSSLDPHQWRWRWDOHqDSSURVVLPDWLYDPHQWHODVRPPDGHJOL
DFFRSSLDPHQWLLQGXWWLYRFDSDFLWLYRHWUDPLWHOLPSHGHQ]DGLPRGRFRPXQH
(VLVWRQRGXHPHWRGL FRPXQLSHUULGXUUHODGLDIRQLDVRVWLWXLUHLOFRQGXWWRUHGHO
FLUFXLWRJHQHUDWRUHHRGHOFLUFXLWRULFHYLWRUHFRQXQFRQGXWWRUHVFKHUPDWRRFRQ
XQR LQWUHFFLDWR 6H OR VFKHUPR q FROOHJDWR D PDVVD DG DOPHQR XQHVWUHPLWj LO
WHPSRGHOORVFKHUPR6RVWLWXHQGRLOILORGHOFLUFXLWRULFHYLWRUHFRQXQDFRSSLDGL
5LGXUUHODYXOQHUDELOLWjGHO ULFHYLWRUHQHLFRQIURQWLGHOOHHPLVVLRQLULVXOWDQHOOD
SUDWLFD PROWR GLIILFLOH GD UHDOL]]DUH SRLFKp VL ULVFKLD GL QRQ SUHVHUYDUH OH
IXQ]LRQLSURSULHGHOGLVSRVLWLYR6LSXzLQRJQLPRGRULFRUGDUHFRPHHVHPSLR
GHOOXWLOL]]R GL TXHVWD WHFQLFD OXVR GL FRGLFL LQ JUDGR GL FRUUHJJHUH JOL HUURUL
GRYXWLDGLQWHUIHUHQ]HLQXQULFHYLWRUH
)LJXUD6SHWWURGLIUHTXHQ]H
6RUJHQWLGLGLVWXUELHOHWWURPDJQHWLFL
/H VRUJHQWL GL GLVWXUEL HOHWWURPDJQHWLFL SRVVRQR HVVHUH QDWXUDOL DUWLILFLDOL
LQWHQ]LRQDOLRDUWLILFLDOLQRQLQWHQ]LRQDOL
625*(17,
',
',6785%,
(/(77520$*1(7,&,
6RUJHQWLQDWXUDOL
6RUJHQWLDUWLILFLDOL
LQWHQ]LRQDOL
6RUJHQWLDUWLILFLDOL
QRQLQWHQ]LRQDOL
)LJXUD6RUJHQWLGLGLVWXUELHOHWWURPDJQHWLFL
x 6RUJHQWLQDWXUDOLGLGLVWXUELHOHWWURPDJQHWLFL
/H VRUJHQWL QDWXUDOL SL FRPXQL GL GLVWXUEL HOHWWURPDJQHWLFL VRQR EUHYHPHQWH
FODVVLILFDWH
x 6RUJHQWLDUWLILFLDOLLQWHQ]LRQDOLGLGLVWXUELHOHWWURPDJQHWLFL
/H VRUJHQWL DUWLILFLDOL LQWHQ]LRQDOL GL GLVWXUEL HOHWWURPDJQHWLFL SL FRPXQL
QHOODPELHQWHHVWHUQRVRQR
x WHOHIRQLDFHOOXODUHHFRUGOHVV
x HPLVVLRQLUDGLRHUDGLRWHOHYLVLYH
x SRQWLUDGLR
x VLVWHPLGLUDGLRQDYLJD]LRQHUDGDUV
1HOOD WDEHOOD FKH VHJXH VRQR HOHQFDWH OH IUHTXHQ]H GHPLVVLRQH H OD SRWHQ]D
WLSLFDGXWLOL]]RGLWDOLVRUJHQWL
6RUJHQWLDUWLILFLDOLLQWHQ]LRQDOL
625*(17(
0+]
7HOHIRQR&RUGOHVV
&HOOXODUH7$&6
&HOOXODUH*60
&HOOXODUH'XDO%DQG
6WD]LRQHUDGLREDVH'(&7
6WD]LRQHUDGLRPRELOHILVVD7DFV
*60
7(/(3$66
6WD]LRQHUDGLRPRELOHILVVD*60
6WD]LRQHUDGLRPRELOHILVVD*60*60
6WD]LRQHUDGLRPRELOHILVVD7$&6*60
6WD]LRQHUDGLRPRELOHILVVD7$&6*60
:DONLH7DONLH
,PSLDQWRSHULOUDGLRDPDWRUH
6WD]LRQHUDGLR$0
2QGHOXQJKH
2QGHFRUWH
RQGHPHGLH
6WD]LRQHUDGLR)0
6WD]LRQH79DIUHTXHQ]D9+)
6WD]LRQH79DIUHTXHQ]D8+)
3RQWLUDGLR
SLXVDWH
3DUDEROHVDWHOOLWDULSHUODWUDVPLVVLRQHGD
WHUUDYHUVRLVDWHOOLWL
SLXVDWH
5DGDUFLYLOLSHULOFRQWUROORGHOWUDIILFR
PDULWWLPR
SLXVDWH
5DGDUFLYLOLSHULOFRQWUROORGHOWUDIILFR
DHUHR
5DGDUPLOLWDULSHUODGLIHVDDHUHD
GL
SRWHQ]DPHGLD
GL
SRWHQ]DPHGLD
GL
SRWHQ]DPHGLD
7DEHOODVRUJHQWLDUWLILFLDOLLQWHQ]LRQDOL
x 6WD]LRQLUDGLRSHUODWHOHIRQLDFHOOXODUHHPRELOH
6LVWHPD*60
SHU OD WUDVPLVVLRQH GLJLWDOH SHU OD WHOHIRQLD FHOOXODUH /D EDQGD GL IUHTXHQ]D
RFFXSDWD GD WDOH VLVWHPDYD GD 0+] D 0+] SHUOD WUDVPLVVLRQH GDOOD
WUDVPLVVLRQHGDWHUPLQDOHPRELOHDVWD]LRQHUDGLREDVHILVVD4XHVWLLQWHUYDOOLGL
IUHTXHQ]HVRQRVXGGLYLVLLQVHJPHQWLGLEDQGDFRQODUJKH]]DWLSLFDGLN+]
2JQXQRGLTXHVWLLQWHUYDOOLUDSSUHVHQWDXQFDQDOHSHUODWUDVPLVVLRQHGHLGDWL
3HU ULGXUUH OH LQWHUIHUHQ]H WUD L FDQDOL GL WUDVPLVVLRQH DGLDFHQWL OD SRWHQ]D GL
VHJQDOH FRQ OH LQIRUPD]LRQL GHOOLYHOOR H GHOOD TXDOLWj GHO VHJQDOH ULFHYXWR /D
VWD]LRQHUDGLREDVHFRPXQLFDDOFHOOXODUHLQIXQ]LRQHGLTXHVWHLQIRUPD]LRQLGL
GLPLQXLUH OD SRWHQ]D GL WUDVPLVVLRQH ROWUH FKH GLPLQXLUH OD SURSULD H GL
DXPHQWDUOD TXDQGR LO FHOOXODUH VL DOORQWDQD 4XHVWR FRQWUROOR GLQDPLFR GHOOD
SRWHQ]D VL WUDGXFH LQ XQD ULGX]LRQH GHO OLYHOOR GHOOD SRWHQ]D FRPSOHVVLYD
LUUDGLDWDGDOODVWD]LRQHEDVH8QXOWHULRUHFRQWUROORGHOODSRWHQ]DGLWUDVPLVVLRQH
q HIIHWWXDWD GDOOD PRGDOLWj GLVFRQWLQXD GHOOD WUDVPLVVLRQH WUD OD VWD]LRQH UDGLR
EDVHHGLOFHOOXODUH4XDQGROXWHQWHQRQSDUODODSRWHQ]DWUDVPHVVDGDOFHOOXODUH
GLPLQXLVFHVHQVLELOPHQWH
QXPHUR GL XWHQWL GD VHUYLUH GL FLDVFXQDUHD GDOOH LQWHUIHUHQ]H FRQ OH DOWUH
VWD]LRQLUDGLREDVHGHLGLYHUVLJHVWRULGDOORURJUDILDGHOOD]RQDHGDOODSUHVHQ]D
GLRVWDFROL
,O VLVWHPD *60 q LO QXRYR VWDQGDUG HXURSHR SHU OD WUDVPLVVLRQH GLJLWDOH
SHUODWHOHIRQLDFHOOXODUH/DEDQGDGLIUHTXHQ]DDVVHJQDWD DWDOHVLVWHPDYDGD
0+= D 0+] SHU OD WUDVPLVVLRQH GDOOD VWD]LRQH UDGLR EDVH ILVVD DO
WHUPLQDOHPRELOHHGD0+]D0+]SHUODWUDVPLVVLRQHGDWHUPLQDOH
PRELOH D VWD]LRQH UDGLR EDVH ILVVD $QFKH LQ TXHVWR FDVR TXHVWL LQWHUYDOOL GL
IUHTXHQ]H VRQR XWLOL]]DWL VXGGLYLGHQGROL LQ VHJPHQWL GL EDQGD FRQ ODUJKH]]D
WLSLFDGLN+]
/D SRWHQ]D PDVVLPD GL WUDVPLVVLRQH GHO VLQJROR FDQDOH GL XQD VWD]LRQH UDGLR
EDVHILVVDqGLFLUFD: PHQWUHODSRWHQ]DPDVVLPDGLWUDVPLVVLRQHGLXQ
WHUPLQDOH PRELOH YDULD GD : D : HG q VXGGLYLVD LQ TXDWWUR FODVVL GL
SRWHQ]D
6LVWHPD7$&6
,O VLVWHPD 7$&6 XWLOL]]D LO VLVWHPD GL WUDVPLVVLRQH DQDORJLFD D GLYLVLRQH GL
IUHTXHQ]D)'0$)UHTXHQFH'LYLVLRQ0XOWLSOH$FFHVV
/DEDQGDGLIUHTXHQ]DDVVHJQDWDDWDOHVLVWHPDYDGD0+]D0+]SHUOD
WUDVPLVVLRQHGDOODVWD]LRQHUDGLREDVHILVVDDOWHUPLQDOHPRELOHHGD0+]D
0+] SHU OD WUDVPLVVLRQH GD WHUPLQDOH PRELOH D VWD]LRQH UDGLR EDVH ILVVD
4XHVWLLQWHUYDOOLGLIUHTXHQ]DVRQRVXGGLYLVLLQVHJPHQWLGLEDQGDFRQODUJKH]]D
WLSLFD SDUL D N+] 2JQXQR GL TXHVWL LQWHUYDOOL UDSSUHVHQWD XQ FDQDOH SHU OD
WUDVPLVVLRQHGHLGDWL
/D SRWHQ]D PDVVLPD DOODQWHQQD GL WUDVPLVVLRQH GHO VLQJROR FDQDOH GL XQD
VWD]LRQH UDGLREDVH ILVVD q GL FLUFD : /D SRWHQ]D PDVVLPDGL WUDVPLVVLRQH
GHO WHUPLQDOH PRELOH YDULD GD : D : HG q VXGGLYLVD LQ TXDWWUR FODVVL
SRWHQ]D
6LVWHPD'(&7
/H VWD]LRQL ILVVH VRQR FRVWLWXLWH JHQHUDOPHQWH GD XQ SLFFROR FRQWHQLWRUH LQ
YHWURUHVLQD FRQWHQHQWH JOL DSSDUDWL GL ULFHWUDVPLVVLRQH FROOHJDWL DOOH DQWHQQH
PHGLDQWHFDYRGLWUDVPLVVLRQHRILVVDWHGLUHWWDPHQWHDOOHVWUHPLWjGHJOLVWHVVL
/HXQLWjPRELOLSURYYHGRQRSHULRGLFDPHQWHDORFDOL]]DUHODVWD]LRQH'(&7ILVVD
SLYLFLQD
/D SRWHQ]D QRPLQDOH WLSLFD GL WUDVPLVVLRQH GL RJQL VWD]LRQH ILVVD q SDUL D
x 6LVWHPLGLWUDVPLVVLRQHUDGLRWHOHYLVLYD
$QWHQQHUDGLRWHOHYLVLYH
, VLVWHPL GL WUDVPLVVLRQH UDGLRWHOHYLVLYD VRQR FRVWLWXLWL GD LPSLDQWL GL YDULD
JUDQGH]]DHSRWHQ]D/DSRWHQ]DSXzDQFKHDUULYDUHDFHQWLQDLDGLFKLORZDWWSHU
JOLLPSLDQWLGLWUDVPLVVLRQHDFRSHUWXUDQD]LRQDOHRLQWHUQD]LRQDOH
3HU LO VHUYL]LR UDGLRIRQLFR SRVVRQR HVVHUH XWLOL]]DWH OH VHJXHQWL EDQGH GL
IUHTXHQ]D
0+]
RQGHOXQJKH
0+]
0+]
RQGHPHGLH
RQGHFRUWH
0+]
$0
)0
,OVHUYL]LRWHOHYLVLYRqLQYHFHWUDVPHVVRQHOOHVHJXHQWLEDQGHGLIUHTXHQ]H
%DQGD,H ,,,
%DQGD,9H9
0+]
9+)
0+]
8+)
/D WUDVPLVVLRQH D IUHTXHQ]H DOOLQWHUQR GHOOH EDQGH /) H 0) GD N+] D
0+]DYYLHQHQHOOHRUHGLXUQHPHGLDQWHODQRUPDOHGLIIXVLRQHGLRQGHGLWHUUD
PHQWUH QHOOH RUH QRWWXUQH q SRVVLELOH VIUXWWDUH OD ULIOHVVLRQH GHOOH RQGH QHOOD
LRQRVIHUD ]RQD DOWD GHOODWPRVIHUD WHUUHVWUH SHU OD SURSDJD]LRQH D OXQJD
GLVWDQ]DDQFKH.PFRQXQDEDVVDDWWHQXD]LRQH
3HU JOLLPSLDQWLDEDVVHIUHTXHQ]HGLWUDVPLVVLRQHqLPSRUWDQWHFKHODVWD]LRQH
DEELD D GLVSRVL]LRQH GHO WHUUHQR OLEHUR GD RVWDFROL SHU DYHUH XQD EXRQD
SURSDJD]LRQHGHOOHRQGHGLWHUUD
3DUDEROHGLWUDVPLVVLRQHGDWLVDWHOOLWDUL
, VLVWHPL GL WUDVPLVVLRQH YLD VDWHOOLWH VRQR XVDWL SULQFLSDOPHQWH SHU OD
WUDVPLVVLRQH GL GDWL H GLPPDJLQL WHOHYLVLYH LQ GLJLWDOH LO WHOHULOHYDPHQWR GD
VDWHOOLWHHODJHVWLRQHGLVDWHOOLWLFRPPHUFLDOLHPLOLWDUL
/DEDQGDGLIUHTXHQ]HGLWUDVPLVVLRQHDGLVSRVL]LRQHqWUD0+]H*+]
/HEDQGHGLIUHTXHQ]DPDJJLRUPHQWHXWLOL]]DWHVRQR
*+]
%DQGD/
*+]
%DQGD.X
*+]
*+]
%DQGD&
%DQGD.D
ULIOHWWRUH SDUDERORLGH FLUFRODUH FRQ GLDPHWUR WDQWR SL HOHYDWR TXDQWR SL q
HOHYDWDODGLVWDQ]DGDFRSULUHILQRDOVDWHOOLWH,OLYHOOLGHLFDPSLHOHWWURPDJQHWLFL
VRQR PROWR EDVVL QHOOH DUHH DGLDFHQWL ODQWHQQD D FDXVD GHOODOWR JXDGDJQR H
GHOODOWDGLUHWWLYLWjGHOIDVFLRHPHVVR6RORLSXQWLSLYLFLQLDOODSDUDERODVRQR
FDUDWWHUL]]DWLGDLQWHQVLWjGHLFDPSLHOHYDWH
3RQWLUDGLR
,SRQWLUDGLRKDQQRORVFRSRGLFROOHJDUHGXHSXQWLORQWDQLWUDGLORURDGLVWDQ]D
YLVLYDHVHQ]DRVWDFROLLQWHUPHGL6RQRXWLOL]]DELOLLQDOWHUQDWLYDDOODSRVDGLFDYL
SHU OD WUDVPLVVLRQH GL GDWL H IRQLD ,Q JHQHUDOH L VLVWHPL VRQR XQLGLUH]LRQDOL
XQDQWHQQDWUDVPHWWHLVHJQDOLYHUVRODVHFRQGDDQWHQQDFKHKDLOVRORFRPSLWRGL
ULFHYHUHWDOLGDWL(VLVWRQRDQFKHVLVWHPLELGLUH]LRQDOLTXDOLDGHVHPSLRTXHOOL
XWLOL]]DWL SHU ODXWRPD]LRQH LO PRQLWRUDJJLR HG LO FRQWUROOR D GLVWDQ]D GHJOL
LPSLDQWL
3HUULGXUUHOHLQWHUIHUHQ]HGRYXWHDOODVWHVVDIUHTXHQ]DVLDGRWWDODFFRUJLPHQWR
GLSRODUL]]DUHGLYHUVDPHQWHOHRQGHLQWUDVPLVVLRQHDOOXQLFDDQWHQQDULFHYHQWHH
WUDVPLWWHQWHSHUSRWHUOHIDFLOPHQWHVHSDUDUH LQULFH]LRQH
, OLYHOOL GL SRWHQ]D LQ WUDVPLVVLRQH YDULDQR D VHFRQGD GHOOLPSLDQWR GD SRFKL
ZDWW DG DOFXQH FHQWLQDLD GL ZDWW FRPSOHVVLYL VXGGLYLVL LQ XQ R SL FDQDOL GL
WUDVPLVVLRQH,OLYHOOLGLFDPSRHOHWWURPDJQHWLFRVRQRLQJHQHUDOHEDVVLDFDXVD
VHUYLWDGDOIDVFLRHPHVVR/HLQWHQVLWjGHLFDPSLDXPHQWDQRVRORSHUJOLHGLILFL
,PSLDQWLSHUUDGLRDPDWRUL
6L WUDWWD GLPSLDQWL SHU OD WUDVPLVVLRQH DPDWRULDOH PHGLDQWH DSSDUDWL GL
WUDVPLVVLRQHGLSLFFRODSRWHQ]D/HOLFHQ]HVRQRGLWUHFODVVLFRUULVSRQGHQWLDOOH
*OL LPSLDQWL GHOOH VWD]LRQL GL UDGLRDPDWRUL SHU TXDQWR VL ULIHULVFH DOOH
/H EDQGH GL IUHTXHQ]D DVVHJQDWH SHU OHVHUFL]LR GL VWD]LRQL GL UDGLRDPDWRUH
QRQFKpOHFODVVLGLHPLVVLRQHSHUPHVVHVXFLDVFXQD%DQGDVRQROHVHJXHQWL
x 0+]
LQPRGXOD]LRQHGLDPSLH]]D
x 0+]
LQPRGXOD]LRQHGLDPSLH]]D
x 0+]
x 0+]
LQPRGXOD]LRQHGLDPSLH]]D
LQPRGXOD]LRQHGLDPSLH]]D
x 0+]
x 0+]
x 0+]
LQPRGXOD]LRQHGLDPSLH]]DRIUHTXHQ]D
LQPRGXOD]LRQHGLDPSLH]]DRIUHTXHQ]D
LQPRGXOD]LRQHGLDPSLH]]DRIUHTXHQ]DRGLLPSXOVL
5DGDU
/H IUHTXHQ]H QRUPDOPHQWH XWLOL]]DWH SHU L UDGDU GL FRQWUROOR DHUH QDYDOH
YHLFRODUH H GL GLIHVD DHUHD VRQR GHWHUPLQDWH GDOOD ULVROX]LRQH VSD]LDOH
GHOORJJHWWRGLFXL VLYXROHFRQRVFHUHODSRVL]LRQHHODYHORFLWj,UDGDUPLOLWDUL
D OD EDQGD ; 6+) GD D 0+] OD EDQGD - 6+) GD
D 0+] OD EDQGD . 6+) H (+) GD D 0+] H OD
EDQGD4(+)GDD0+]
3RLFKpOHGLPHQVLRQLGHOOHQDYLVRQRDEEDVWDQ]DHOHYDWHLUDGDUXWLOL]]DWLSHULO
FRQWUROORGHOODQDYLJD]LRQHPDULWWLPDFLYLOHHPHUFDQWLOHRSHUDQRJHQHUDOPHQWH
QHOOD EDQGD 6 D IUHTXHQ]H YDULDELOL GD D 0+] H QHOOD EDQGD ; D
IUHTXHQ]HYDULDELOLGDD0+]HGDD0+]
LPSXOVL GL EUHYH GXUDWD H SHUWDQWR OD SRWHQ]D PHGLD LUUDGLDWD GD XQ UDGDU LQ
,UDGDUXWLOL]]DWLSHUODPHWHRURORJLDVRQRLQJHQHUDOHXWLOL]]DWLDIUHTXHQ]HSL
EDVVHHGLQSDUWLFRODUHQHOODEDQGD39+)GDD0+]QHOODEDQGD/
8+)GDD0+]HQHOODEDQGD;6+)GDD0+]
6RUJHQWL
HOHWWURPDJQHWLFL
DUWLILFLDOL
QRQ
LQWHQ]LRQDOL
GL
GLVWXUEL
4XDOXQTXH FLUFXLWR HOHWWULFR SHUFRUVR GD FRUUHQWH YDULDELOH QHO WHPSR HPHWWH
x VLVWHPLHOHWWURPHFFDQLFL
x DOLPHQWDWRULDFRPPXWD]LRQH
x EUXVFDLQWHUUX]LRQHGLFRUUHQWLVXFDULFKLLQGXWWLYL
x FLUFXLWLGLFORFNDOODWWLYLWjGHL%86HGHOOHVFKHGHGLJLWDOL
x VFDULFKHQHLJDV
x OLQHHGLWUDVSRUWRGHOOHQHUJLDHOHWWULFD
,QJHQHUHOHQWLWjGHOGLVWXUERDUWLILFLDOHFUHVFH FRQODUDSLGLWj GHOODYDULD]LRQH
GHOODFRUUHQWHRGHOODWHQVLRQHFKHORKDJHQHUDWR/HQRUPHSUHYHGRQRXQDVHULH
GLSURYHVLDSHUYHULILFDUHOHQWLWjGHLGLVWXUELDUWLILFLDOLHPHVVLVLDSHUWHVWDUHOD
VXVFHWWLELOLWjGHJOLDSSDUDWLHGHLVLVWHPLDOOHGLYHUVHWLSRORJLHGLGLVWXUER7UDOH
HOHWWURPDJQHWLFKHGLIRUWHLQWHQVLWjFUHDWHGDOODVHSDUD]LRQHHGDOPRYLPHQWRGL
FDULFKHGXUDQWHXQHVSORVLRQHQXFOHDUH1(03
x 6LVWHPLHOHWWURPHFFDQLFL
0RWRULLQFRUUHQWHFRQWLQXD
FROOHWWRUHFRVWLWXLWRGDODPHOOHPHWDOOLFKHHOHWWULFDPHQWHLVRODWHFKHFRQVHQWH
GLWUDVIHULUHFRQODXVLOLRGLRSSRUWXQHVSD]]ROHGLFDUERQHVWULVFLDQWLVXHVVROD
FRUUHQWHFRQWLQXDDRSSRUWXQLDYYROJLPHQWLGHOURWRUH
,O SULQFLSLR GL IXQ]LRQDPHQWR GL WDOL PDFFKLQH VL EDVD VXOOD]LRQH
HOHWWURGLQDPLFDFKHVLVYLOXSSDWUDJOLDYYROJLPHQWLVWDWRULFLHURWRULFLHQWUDPEH
SHUFRUVL GD FRUUHQWH FRQWLQXD SURYHQLHQWH GD XQD VRUJHQWH HVWHUQD RULJLQDQGR
XQD FRSSLD PRWULFH $ RJQL FRQQHVVLRQH R LQWHUUX]LRQH WUD OH VSD]]ROH H LO
FROOHWWRUHVLJHQHUDQRDUFKLHOHWWULFLGRYXWLDOIDWWRFKHODFRUUHQWHFRQWLQXDFKH
VLQWHQGHWUDVIHULUHDJOLDYYROJLPHQWLGHOURWRUHYLHQHSHULRGLFDPHQWHLQWHUURWWD
4XHVWR IHQRPHQR JHQHUD VHJQDOL FRQ FRPSRQHQWL VSHWWUDOL D IUHTXHQ]H PROWR
HOHYDWHSHUFXLVLSRVVRQRDYHUHSUREOHPLGLHPLVVLRQLUDGLDWHQHOODEDQGDSUHVD
LQFRQVLGHUD]LRQHGDOODQRUPDWLYDHFKHYDGD0+]D*+]
8QDOWUDVRUJHQWHGLUXPRUHFRQFRPSRQHQWLVSHWWUDOLDHOHYDWHIUHTXHQ]HFKHq
/D FRUUHQWH FKH YLHQH IRUQLWD DO PRWRUH GD WDOH FLUFXLWR SXU GRYHQGR HVVHUH
LGHDOPHQWH FRVWDQWH VROLWDPHQWH FRQWLHQH LPSXOVL FRQ WHPSL GL VDOLWD PROWR
EUHYLGRYXWLDOOHFRQWLQXHLQWHUUX]LRQLFKHODFRUUHQWHFKHSHUFRUUHLOFLUFXLWRGL
D]LRQDPHQWRHJOLDYYROJLPHQWLVXOURWRUHVXELVFHSHURSHUDGHOFROOHWWRUH7DOL
LPSXOVL UDJJLXQJRQR LO WHODLR GHO PRWRUH H OH ORUR FRPSRQHQWL D IUHTXHQ]H
HVWUHPDPHQWH HOHYDWHVRQRLQ JUDGR GL DFFRSSLDUVL FRQ DOWUH SDUWL GHOVLVWHPD
JHQHUDQGR FRVu SUREOHPL GHPLVVLRQL UDGLDWH ,QROWUH ODUHD GHO FLUFXLWR
WHODLRGHOPRWRUHWHQGHDGHVVHUHSLXWWRVWRJUDQGHHODWHQGHQ]DGLXQFLUFXLWRDG
LUUDGLDUH ULVXOWD HVVHUH GLUHWWDPHQWH SURSRU]LRQDOH DOODUHD GHO FLUFXLWR VWHVVR
,QIDWWL PDJJLRUH q ODUHD GHVFULWWD GDOOD FRUUHQWH QHO VXR SHUFRUVR FKLXVR
PDJJLRULVRQRLOLYHOOLGHOOHHPLVVLRQLUDGLDWH
0RWRULLQFRUUHQWHDOWHUQDWD
/DVVHQ]DGHOOHVSD]]ROHHGHOFRQVHJXHQWHIHQRPHQRGLDUFRHOHWWULFRWLSLFRGHL
PRWRULDFROOHWWRUHUHQGRQRLPRWRULLQFRUUHQWHDOWHUQDWDSRWHQ]LDOPHQWHPHQR
SRLFKpLOURWRUHHORVWDWRUHGLTXHVWRWLSRGLPRWRUHVRQRFRVWLWXLWLGDLQGXWWRUL
WUD ORUR PROWR UDYYLFLQDWL VL JHQHUDQR WUD TXHVWH SDUWL FDSDFLWj SDUDVVLWH
GHOHYDWRYDORUH4XLQGLQHOFDVRLQFXLLOWHODLRGHOPRWRUHVLDFROOHJDWRDGDOWUH
SDUWLPHFFDQLFKHGHOVLVWHPDLQFXLVLWURYDDGRSHUDUHHVLVWHODSRVVLELOLWjFKH
FRUUHQWLGLPRGRFRPXQHSUHVHQWLVXOODUHWHGLDOLPHQWD]LRQHUDJJLXQJDQRWXWWH
OHSDUWLGHOVLVWHPDHYLFHYHUVD3HUHVHPSLRVHVRQRSUHVHQWLGLVWXUELDGHOHYDWD
IUHTXHQ]DVXOODFRUUHQWHVLQXVRLGDOHLQLQJUHVVRORVWDWRUHqDQFRUDWRVXOWHODLR
DOORUD q PROWR SUREDELOH FKH WDOL GLVWXUEL VL WUDVIHULVFDQR DO WHODLR GRYH
OHIILFLHQ]DGLLUUDGLD]LRQHqVLFXUDPHQWHVXSHULRUH
,QWHUUXWWRULGLWLSRHOHWWURPHFFDQLFR
/D FDXVD SULQFLSDOH GLQWHUIHUHQ]D q ODUFR HOHWWULFR FKH VL IRUPD LQ
FRUULVSRQGHQ]D GHL VXL FRQWDWWL OD IRUPD GRQGD GHOODUFR SXz FRQWHQHUH
FRPSRQHQWLVSHWWUDOLGLJUDQGHDPSLH]]DDIUHTXHQ]HHVWUHPDPHQWHHOHYDWH
x 'LVSRVLWLYLGLJLWDOL
,OFUHVFHQWHVXFFHVVRGHLFLUFXLWLGLJLWDOLqGRYXWRVLDDOOHORURVHPSUHPDJJLRUL
SRWHQ]LDOLWj GL HODERUD]LRQH GHL GDWL VLD DOOLQWULQVHFD LPPXQLWj DL GLVWXUEL
1RQRVWDQWHWDOLFDUDWWHULVWLFKHLGLVSRVLWLYLGLJLWDOLVRQRVRJJHWWL DSUREOHPLGL
FRPSDWLELOLWjHOHWWURPDJQHWLFD
,Q TXHVWD FDWHJRULD GL FLUFXLWL L GDWL YHQJRQR UDSSUHVHQWDWL WUDVPHVVL HG
HODERUDWL VRWWRIRUPD GL LPSXOVL OH FXL WUDQVL]LRQL WHPSL GL VDOLWD H GL GLVFHVD
VRQR HVWUHPDPHQWH EUHYL GHOORUGLQH GL QV $ WUDQVL]LRQL FRVu UDSLGH
,O FRQWHQXWR LQ IUHTXHQ]D R VSHWWUR GHL VHJQDOL SUHVHQWL LQ XQ VLVWHPD
HOHWWURQLFR q IRUVH ODVSHWWR SL LPSRUWDQWH GHOOD FDSDFLWj GHO VLVWHPD QRQ
VROWDQWRGLVRGGLVIDUHOHQRUPHPDDQFKHGLHVVHUHFRPSDWLELOHFRQDOWULVLVWHPL
HOHWWURQLFL , VHJQDOL SL LPSRUWDQWL FKH FRQWULEXLVFRQR GLUHWWDPHQWH DOOH
HPLVVLRQL UDGLDWH H FRQGRWWH GHL VLVWHPL HOHWWURQLFL GLJLWDOL VRQR VHJQDOL
SHULRGLFL 4XHVWL WLSL GL IRUPH GRQGD VRQR UDSSUHVHQWDWLYL GHL VHJQDOL GL
WHPSRUL]]D]LRQHSHUHVHPSLRLOFORFNGLXQFRPSXWHUHGHOOHVHTXHQ]HGLGDWL
QHFHVVDULSHULOFRUUHWWRIXQ]LRQDPHQWRGHOVLVWHPD
x &RQGXWWRUL
6L GLPHQWLFD VSHVVR GL FRQVLGHUDUH L FRQGXWWRUL GL XQ VLVWHPD FDYL H SLVWH GHL
FLUFXLWLVWDPSDWLFRPHFRPSRQHQWLGHOVLVWHPDVWHVVR(VVLSRVVRQRWUDVSRUWDUH
VHJQDOLGLSRWHQ]DHLQIRUPDWLYL
/HUURUHIUHTXHQWHFKHVLFRPPHWWHqVXSSRUUHFKHLFDYLWUDVSRUWLQRVRORVHJQDOL
LQWHQ]LRQDOL ,O FRPSRUWDPHQWR GL TXHVWL HOHPHQWL QHOOLQWHUYDOOR GL IUHTXHQ]H
UHJRODPHQWDWR GDOOH QRUPH q WXWWDOWUR FKH LGHDOH VLD SHU TXDQWR ULJXDUGD OH
HPLVVLRQL UDGLDWH 0+] *+] VLD SHU TXHOOH FRQGRWWH N+]
SHU LO WHRUHPD GL UHFLSURFLWj OD ORUR VXVFHWWLYLWj DXPHQWD DQFKHVVD FRQ OD
OXQJKH]]D
x $OLPHQWDWRULDFRPPXWD]LRQH
GLVWULEXLWD GDOOD UHWH GL DOLPHQWD]LRQH FRPPHUFLDOH QHL OLYHOOL GL WHQVLRQH
FRQWLQXD ULFKLHVWD GDLYDULFRPSRQHQWL GLXQDDSSDUHFFKLDWXUDH QHOPDQWHQHUOL
FRVWDQWLDOYDULDUHGHOOHFRQGL]LRQLGLFDULFR$OFXQLDOLPHQWDWRULFRPHTXHOOLD
IUHTXHQ]HHUDSSUHVHQWDQRODSULQFLSDOHIRQWHGLGLVWXUERHPLVVLRQHFRQGRWWDH
LUUDGLDWD GL XQ DOLPHQWDWRUH D FRPPXWD]LRQH 8Q DOWUR LQFRQYHQLHQWH GHJOL
DOLPHQWDWRUL D FRPPXWD]LRQH ULJXDUGD OH DUPRQLFKH GHO VHJQDOH GL
x /LQHHGLWUDVSRUWRGHOOHQHUJLDHOHWWULFD
,Q,WDOLDLOWUDVSRUWRGHOOHQHUJLDHOHWWULFDDYYLHQHDWHQVLRQHDOWHUQDWDHPHGLDQWH
OLQHH DHUHH OHQHUJLD YLHQH WUDVSRUWDWD DOOD IUHTXHQ]D QRPLQDOH GL +]
DWWUDYHUVR WHUQH GL FRQGXWWRUL QXGL LQ DOOXPLQLRDFFLDLR VRVWHQXWL GD WUDOLFFL
PHWDOOLFL
/H GLVWULEX]LRQL GHO FDPSR HOHWWULFR H GHO FDPSR PDJQHWLFR QHOOR VSD]LR
FLUFRVWDQWH OD OLQHD HOHWWULFD QRQ VRQR FRUUHODWH WUD ORUR HVVHQGR D EDVVH
IUHTXHQ]HHDVVXPRQRYDORULGLYHUVLLQIXQ]LRQHGHOOHFDUDWWHULVWLFKHGHOODOLQHD
/LQWHQVLWj GHO FDPSR HOHWWULFR GLSHQGH SULQFLSDOPHQWH GDOOD WHQVLRQH SUHVHQWH
QHO FRQGXWWRUH HOHWWULFR FKH OR JHQHUD DXPHQWD DOODXPHQWDUH GHOOD WHQVLRQH
QRPLQDOHGHOODOLQHDHVLPDQWLHQHVRVWDQ]LDOPHQWHFRVWDQWHQHOWHPSR,OYDORUH
GHO FDPSR HOHWWULFR LQ XQ SXQWR DGLDFHQWH DOOD OLQHD GLSHQGH SULQFLSDOPHQWH
GDOOD GLVWDQ]D LQ FXL HVVR VL WURYD OLQWHQVLWj GLPLQXLVFH FRQ OHJJH TXDGUDWLFD
FLRqUDGGRSSLDQGRODGLVWDQ]DLOYDORUHGHOFDPSRHOHWWULFRVLULGXFHGLYROWH
GHOODFRUUHQWHFKHSHUFRUUHLOFRQGXWWRUH3HUWDQWRGXUDQWHODJLRUQDWDLOFDPSR
PDJQHWLFR YDULD FRQVLGHUHYROPHQWH LQ UHOD]LRQH DOOD SDUWLFRODUH ULFKLHVWD
GHQHUJLDHOHWWULFDQHOOD]RQDVHUYLWDGDOOHOHWWURGRWWR ,QJHQHUDOHLOYDORUHGHO
FDPSR PDJQHWLFR UDJJLXQJH LO PLQLPR GXUDQWH OH RUH QRWWXUQH TXDQGR OD
ULFKLHVWDGHQHUJLDUDJJLXQJHLYDORULSLEDVVL
,OFDPSRHOHWWULFRVRVWHQXWRGDOOHOLQHHHOHWWULFKHqIRUWHPHQWHLQIOXHQ]DWRGDJOL
RVWDFROLHGLQSDUWLFRODUHGDOOHPDVVHPHWDOOLFKHSUHVHQWLQHOOD]RQDGLQIOXHQ]D
VXIILFLHQWH XQD ILQHVWUD FKLXVD R XQD SDUHWH LQ PXUDWXUD SHU DWWHQXDUH GL XQ
QRWHYROPHQWH LQIHULRUH 6ROR JOL RVWDFROL FRQ HOHYDWD PDVVD HG LQ SDUWLFRODUH L
PDWHULDOL PDJQHWL]]DELOL IHUUR SRVVRQR VH RSSRUWXQDPHQWH VDJRPDWL ULGXUUH
OLQWHQVLWjGHOFDPSRPDJQHWLFR
/D FRHVLVWHQ]D GL UHWL GL WUDVSRUWR GHOOHQHUJLD H UHWL GL WHOHFRPXQLFD]LRQH
WLSLFDPHQWH SDUDOOHOH DOOH SULPH Gj RULJLQH D SUREOHPL GL FRPSDWLELOLWj
HOHWWURPDJQHWLFDGLYDULRJHQHUH'DOSXQWRGL YLVWDILVLFRORULJLQHGHLSUREOHPL
(0& ULVLHGH QHOODFFRSSLDPHQWR LQGXWWLYR FDSDFLWLYR H UHVLVWLYR FKH VL
UHDOL]]DWUDLGXHWLSLGLUHWL
x ,QWHUIHUHQ]HLUUDGLDWHQHOFDVR GLXQDQHOOR
L
K
,OFDPSR(qSURSRU]LRQDOHDOODUHDGHOODQHOOR
qSURSRU]LRQDOHDOODFRUUHQWH,HDOTXDGUDWR
GHOODIUHTXHQ]DHGHFUHVFHFRQODGLVWDQ]DU
)LJXUD&LUFXLWRSHUFRUVRGDFRUUHQWH
4XDOXQTXHFLUFXLWRSHUFRUVRGDXQDFRUUHQWHYDULDELOHQHOWHPSRLUUDGLDVHJQDOL
HOHWWURPDJQHWLFL 4XDQWR YLHQH DIIHUPDWR H PRVWUDWR QHOOD )LJXUD YDOH LQ
FRQGL]LRQLGLFDPSRORQWDQRFLRqSHUXQPLVXUDWRUHSRVWRDGXQDGLVWDQ]DGDO
FLUFXLWRLUUDGLDQWHVXIILFLHQWHPHQWHJUDQGHULVSHWWRDOODOXQJKH]]DGRQGDHGDOOH
GLPHQVLRQL OLQHDUL GHO FLUFXLWR ,Q FDVR FRQWUDULR LO FDPSR LUUDGLDWR GLSHQGH
DQFKH GDOOLPSHGHQ]D GHO FLUFXLWR LUUDGLDQWH HG q YDOXWDELOH FRQ UHOD]LRQL SL
FRPSOHVVH 3HU YDOXWDUH LO FDPSR LUUDGLDWR RFFRUUH LQ RJQL FDVR FRQRVFHUH OR
VSHWWURGLIUHTXHQ]DGHOVHJQDOHFKHqSUHVHQWHQHOFLUFXLWRHOLUUDGLD]LRQHVDUj
WDQWRSLHIILFDFHTXDQWRSLORVSHWWURFRQWHUUjIUHTXHQ]HHOHYDWH
x 'LSRORHOHWWULFR
+
)LJXUD'LSRORHOHWWULFR
8QDOWURPHFFDQLVPRGLHPLVVLRQHqGLVHJXLWRULDVVXQWR
6H GXH FRQGXWWRUL R XQ FRQGXWWRUH ULVSHWWR DG XQDPSLD VXSHUILFLH PHWDOOLFD
VRQRPDQWHQXWLDGXQDGLIIHUHQ]DGLSRWHQ]LDOHFKHYDULDQHOWHPSRQHOORVSD]LR
FLUFRVWDQWH VL FUHD XQ FDPSR HOHWWULFR FKH YDULD DQFKHVVR QHO WHPSR H FKH VL
FRQVLGHUDWLD96HLQIDWWLLOSLDQRGL9GLXQDVFKHGDQRQqHTXLSRWHQ]LDOH
FRQ TXHOOR GL XQDOWUD VFKHGD R FRQ LO FRQWHQLWRUH PHWDOOLFR GHOODSSDUDWR VL
FUHDQR GHL GLSROL HOHWWULFL FKH SXUWURSSR VRQR PROWR HIILFDFL QHOOLUUDGLDUH OR
VSD]LRFLUFRVWDQWH4XHVWRWLSRGHPLVVLRQHPROWRIUHTXHQWHQHOOHUHDOL]]D]LRQL
SUDWLFKHqXQRGHLPHFFDQLVPLGLHPLVVLRQHGLPRGRFRPXQH7XWWLLFLUFXLWLH
L GLSROL SRVVRQR GXDOPHQWH IXQ]LRQDUH DQFKH FRQ DOWUHWWDQWD HIILFDFLD GD
DQWHQQHULFHYHQWLHTXLQGLHVVHUHFDXVDGLVXVFHWWLELOLWjDLGLVWXUELLUUDGLDWL
x 3UREOHPLGL*URXQGLQJ
9
0DVVH
7HUUD
)LJXUD*URXQGLQJ
3XUWURSSRQHOODSUDWLFDFRPXQHVLqVROLWLFKLDPDUHFRQLOQRPHGLPDVVDRGL
4XHVWRULIHULPHQWRqFRVWLWXLWRGDXQDUHWHGLFRQGXWWRULFKHVLGLIIRQGHLQWXWWR
ODSSDUDWR H FKH GRYUHEEH HVVHUH HTXLSRWHQ]LDOH 3XUWURSSR OH FDGXWH GL
SRWHQ]LDOHGRYXWHDOOLPSHGHQ]DGHLFRQGXWWRULHDOOHFRUUHQWLFKHOLSHUFRUURQR
UHQGRQRQRQHTXLSRWHQ]LDOHLOULIHULPHQWR
7HUUD 7XWWHOHPDVVHDFFHVVLELOLGDXQXWHQWHSHUUDJLRQLGLVLFXUH]]DGHYRQR
HVVHUHULIHULWHDOODWHUUDGHOOHGLILFLRRGHOOLPSLDQWR
,Q RJQL DSSDUDWR SRL QRQ HVLVWH LQ JHQHUH XQ VROR ULIHULPHQWR D 9 PD SL
DOLPHQWD]LRQLHTXLQGLGLYHUVLVLVWHPLGLULIHULPHQWR,VLVWHPLGLULIHULPHQWRD
9HODORURLQWHUFRQQHVVLRQHGHYRQRHVVHUHUHDOL]]DWLLQPRGRGDHVVHUHTXDQWR
SL HTXLSRWHQ]LDOL SRVVLELOH SHU HYLWDUH GD XQ ODWR HUURUL QHOOD WUDVPLVVLRQH GL
FKLHGHUVLGLFDVRLQFDVRVHFRQYLHQHFKHOHPDVVHVLDQRFRQQHVVHDOOR9HQHO
FDVRLQTXDOLSXQWLHVHLOFROOHJDPHQWRGHEED HVVHUHLQFRQWLQXDRWUDPLWHXQ
FRQGHQVDWRUH/DSUHVHQ]DVLPEROLFDGHOOLQWHUUXWWRUHLQ)LJXUDYXROHSURSULR
LQGLFDUH TXHVWR GLOHPPD ,Q RJQL FDVR DQFKH VH VL ODVFLDQR PDVVH IORWWDQWL
RFFRUUH ULFRUGDUH FKH GDWD OHVWHQVLRQH GHOOH VXSHUILFL LQWHUHVVDWH YL VDUj XQD
FDSDFLWjSDUDVVLWDQRQWUDVFXUDELOHDOOHDOWHIUHTXHQ]HWUDPDVVHH9
/DVFHOWDGHOODPLJOLRUUHDOL]]D]LRQHGHOJURXQGLQJqIRQGDPHQWDOHSHUTXDQWR
ULJXDUGDLOFRPSRUWDPHQWRGLVLVWHPLHGDSSDUDWLDOO(0&
x 9LHGDFFRSSLDPHQWRWUDDSSDUDWRHDPELHQWH(0
'LVWXUELFRQGRWWLVXOODUHWH
5HWH
9
9
7HUUD
)LJXUD'LVWXUELFRQGRWWLVXOODUHWH
6LSUHQGRQRRUDLQHVDPHLSULQFLSDOLPHFFDQLVPLGLDFFRSSLDPHQWRWUDDPELHQWH
HVLVWHPDLSRWL]]DQGRGLDYHUHGXHDSSDUDWLRGXHSDUWLGHOORVWHVVRDSSDUDWR
FKH GHYRQR VFDPELDUVL LQIRUPD]LRQL 1HOOD )LJXUD VRQR HYLGHQ]LDWL LQ
PRGR VFKHPDWLFR LO ULIHULPHQWR GL WHQVLRQH OH PDVVH H OD WHUUD QRQFKp OH
FRQQHVVLRQL
*OL DSSDUDWL H L VLVWHPL VH QRQ DOLPHQWDWL GD EDWWHULD LQWHUQD ULFHYRQR
ODOLPHQWD]LRQHGDXQDIRQWHHVWHUQDGLSRWHQ]DFKHVHUYHDQFKHDJOLXWLOL]]DWRUL
'DXQODWRGXUDQWHLOVXRIXQ]LRQDPHQWRODSSDUDWRQRQGHYHHPHWWHUHVXTXHVWL
FRQGXWWRULVHJQDOLQRQYROXWLGLHQWLWjVXSHULRUHDTXDQWRDPPHVVRGDOOHQRUPH
GDOODOWURSXULQSUHVHQ]DGLGLVWXUELFRQGRWWL VXL FDYLGLDOLPHQWD]LRQHGRYXWL
'LVWXUELFRQGRWWLVXOODWHUUD
5HWH
9
9
7HUUD
)LJXUD'LVWXUELFRQGRWWLVXOODWHUUD
6XOOLPSLDQWRGLWHUUDFLUFRODQRFRUUHQWLGRYXWHDOOHHPLVVLRQLGLPRGRFRPXQH
GL WXWWL JOL DSSDUDWL FRQQHVVL DOOR VWHVVR LPSLDQWR 3RLFKp OLPSHGHQ]D GHL
FRQGXWWRULGLWHUUDQRQqQXOODPDqVLJQLILFDWLYDVRSUDWWXWWRDOOHDOWHIUHTXHQ]H
XQWUDWWRGLFRQGXWWRUHSUHVHQWDXQLQGXWWDQ]DVWLPDELOHLQFLUFDQ+SHURJQL
GHJOL DSSDUDWL FKH GHYRQR VFDPELDUVL VHJQDOL FRQ SRVVLELOL HUURUL R GLDIRQLH
4XHVWRHIIHWWRqPDJJLRUPHQWHVHQWLWRVHOHPDVVHVRQRFRQQHVVHDLULIHULPHQWL
GLWHQVLRQHDWHQVLRQHQXOOD,VHJQDOLFRQGRWWLVXOODWHUUDVRQRGHWWLVHJQDOLGL
PRGRFRPXQH
'LVWXUELFRQGRWWLVXOOHLQWHUFRQQHVVLRQL
5HWH
9
9
7HUUD
)LJXUD 'LVWXUELFRQGRWWLVXOOHLQWHUFRQQHVVLRQL
6XOOH OLQHH GL LQWHUFRQQHVVLRQH YLDJJLDQR L VHJQDOL FKH JOL DSSDUDWL GHYRQR
VFDPELDUVL VLD VRWWR IRUPD GL LQIRUPD]LRQH VLD GL UHJROD]LRQH GL SRWHQ]D
3XUWURSSR SHUz SRVVRQR HVVHUH SUHVHQWL DQFKH VHJQDOL QRQ YROXWL H TXLQGL
GLVWXUELGRYXWLD
x DFFRSSLDPHQWL SDUDVVLWL GL WLSR LQGXWWLYR R FDSDFLWLYR FRQ OH OLQHH GL
FRQQHVVLRQHGL DOWUL VLVWHPLR DSSDUDWL FKH YLDJJLDQR QHOOH YLFLQDQ]H H FKH
VRQRVHGLGLFRUUHQWLRGLWHQVLRQLIRUWHPHQWHYDULDELOLQHOWHPSR
,QWURGXFHQGR ILOWUL SDVVDEDVVR DOOLQJUHVVR GL RJQL DSSDUDWR FKH OLPLWDQR OD
EDQGD SDVVDQWH D TXHOOD VWUHWWDPHQWH QHFHVVDULD SHU LO VHJQDOH XWLOH VL ULGXFH
IRUWHPHQWH OHQWLWj GL WXWWL L GLVWXUEL FKH KDQQR FRPSRQHQWL LQ IUHTXHQ]D DO GL
IXRULGHOODEDQGDSDVVDQWHGHOILOWUR
'LVWXUELLUUDGLDWLGLPRGRGLIIHUHQ]LDOH
5HWH
&DPSR(0
9
9
7HUUD
)LJXUD'LVWXUELLUUDGLDWLGLPRGRGLIIHUHQ]LDOH
,GLVWXUELHOHWWURPDJQHWLFLSUHVHQWLQHOORVSD]LRFLUFRVWDQWHSRVVRQRDFFRSSLDUVL
FRQOHOLQHHGLLQWHUFRQQHVVLRQHFKHIXQ]LRQDQRGDDQWHQQHHWUDGXFRQRTXHVWL
VHJQDOLLQHTXLYDOHQWLWHQVLRQLFKHSUHVHQWDQGRVLFRPHPRGRGLIIHUHQ]LDOHVRQR
GHO WXWWR LQGLVWLQJXLELOL GDL VHJQDOL XWLOL H TXLQGL SRVVRQR DOWHUDUH LO
IXQ]LRQDPHQWRGHJOLDSSDUDWL
FUHVFHFRQODIUHTXHQ]DHFRQODUHDGHOODVSLUDqSRVVLELOHULGXUUHGUDVWLFDPHQWH
TXHVWRWLSRGLDFFRSSLDPHQWRUDOOHQWDQGRLIURQWLGLFRPPXWD]LRQHHVRSUDWXWWR
LQWUHFFLDQGRWUDORURLILOLGLFRQQHVVLRQH
'LVWXUELLUUDGLDWLGLPRGRFRPXQH
5HWH
&DPSR(0
9
9
7HUUD
)LJXUD'LVWXUELLUUDGLDWLGLPRGRFRPXQH
(VLVWHSHUz XQ DOWURDQHOORLQ JHQHUHGDUHD PROWRSLJUDQGH GHLSUHFHGHQWL
FRVWLWXLWR GDOOD OLQHD GL FRQQHVVLRQH GHO ULIHULPHQWR GL WHQVLRQH D 9 H GDOOH
PDVVHHGDOODWHUUD8QFDPSRHOHWWURPDJQHWLFRGLGLVWXUERSXzFRQFDWHQDUVLFRQ
WDOHFLUFXLWRLQGXFHQGRXQVHJQDOHHOHWWULFRFKHVLULWURYHUjFRPHPRGRFRPXQH
WUD L GXH ULIHULPHQWL GL WHQVLRQH GHJOL DSSDUDWL FKH GHYRQR VFDPELDUVL
LQIRUPD]LRQL
'XDOPHQWH LQ SUHVHQ]D GL XQD FRUUHQWH GL PRGR FRPXQH FKH FLUFROL
VXOOLPSLDQWRGLWHUUDODQHOORGLFXLVRSUDSXzGLYHQLUHXQDQWHQQDWUDVPLWWHQWH
FKHHPHWWHVHJQDOLLUUDGLDWL
4XHVWR WLSR GL DFFRSSLDPHQWR D FDXVD GHOOD QRWHYROH DUHD GHOODQHOOR q LQ
JHQHUH PROWR HIILFDFH VRSUDWWXWWR DOOH IUHTXHQ]H PHQR HOHYDWH HG q XQD GHOOH
FDXVHSLLPSRUWDQWLVLDGLHPLVVLRQLFKHGLVXVFHWWLELOLWj
,QFRQFOXVLRQHSHUTXDQWRULJXDUGDOHHPLVVLRQLLULVFKLPDJJLRULVLKDQQRSHU
JOLDSSDUDWLFKHSUHVHQWDQRWHQVLRQLHFRUUHQWLFRQHOHYDWHYHORFLWjGLYDULD]LRQH
QHO WHPSR , ULVFKL FUHVFRQR FRQ LO FUHVFHUH GHOODUHD GHL FLUFXLWL LQWHUHVVDWL GD
TXHVWLVHJQDOL,QVHGHGLSURJHWWRqQHFHVVDULRUDOOHQWDUHSHUTXDQWR FRQVHQWLWR
L IURQWL GRQGD H UHQGHUH PLQLPD ODUHD GHL FLUFXLWL SL VXVFHWWLELOL H SL
HPLWWHQWL DGRWWDQGR OD WHFQRORJLD SL RSSRUWXQD SHU OD UHDOL]]D]LRQH GHOOH
VFKHGHHGHOOHLQWHUFRQQHVVLRQL
3HU TXDQWR ULJXDUGD OLPPXQLWj L FLUFXLWL DQDORJLFL VRQR LQ JHQHUH L SL
VXVFHWWLELOL
/DVFHOWDGHOODILORVRILDGLJURXQGLQJ qIRQGDPHQWDOH
6RORTXDQGRLSURYYHGLPHQWL GLWLSRSURJHWWXDOHVLULYHODQRLQVXIILFLHQWLRFFRUUH
ULFRUUHUHDWHFQLFKHGLVFKHUPDWXUD/XVRGHJOLVFKHUPLqLQJHQHUHFRVWRVRGL
GLIILFLOHDSSOLFD]LRQHHGqHIILFDFHVRORVHDFFRPSDJQDWRGDDGHJXDWRILOWUDJJLR
VXWXWWLLUHRIRULFKHHQWUDQRQHOORVFKHUPRVLULFRUGLLQIDWWLODVWUHWWDUHOD]LRQH
WUDVHJQDOLFRQGRWWLHVHJQDOLLUUDGLDWL
2FFRUUHDIIURQWDUHLOSUREOHPD(0&DOODWWRGHOOLPSRVWD]LRQHHGHOSURJHWWRGL
XQQXRYRDSSDUDWRTXDQGRVLKDLOPDJJLRUQXPHURGLJUDGLGLOLEHUWj,FRVWL
GLLQWHUYHQWLDSRVWHULRULSRVVRQRGLYHQWDUHSURLELWLYL,Q$]LHQGDRFFRUUHFKHOH
WHPDWLFKH (0& VLDQR EHQ SUHVHQWL QRQ VROR DL SURJHWWLVWL PD DQFKH D FKL
LQJHJQHUL]]DHUHDOL]]DLOSURGRWWR