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API STANDARD 670

When specied, acceleration shall be monitored from the

same transducer in a frequency range from 10 hertz to 5 kilohertz; amplitude from 0 to 100 meters per second squared
true peak (0 to 10 gs true peak).
Equipment operating at shaft speeds from 750 rpm down to
300 rpm should be monitored in a frequency range from 5
hertz to 1,000 hertz.
5.4.5.6 When specied, a casing vibration monitor system
shall include one or more of the following options:
a. Monitor and display of single channel acceleration or
velocity.
b. Monitor and display two channels in either acceleration or
velocity.
c. Monitor and display alternate lter or frequency ranges.
d. Monitor and display unltered overall vibration (see note
2 following 5.4.5.1).
e. Monitor and display in true root mean square (rms).
f. Monitor and display in true peak.
g. Alternate full-scale ranges.
h. Dual voting logic.
5.4.6 Temperature Monitoring
5.4.6.1 The full-scale range for temperature monitoring
shall be available in either SI (0C to 150C) or U.S. Customary Units (0F to 300F) as specied, with a minimum resolution of one (1) degree independent of engineering units.
When thermocouples are used, temperature monitor systems
shall be designed to be suitable for grounded thermocouples.
5.4.6.2 A fault in the temperature monitor or its associated
transducers shall initiate the circuit-fault status alarm. Downscale failure (that is, a failure in the zero direction) shall be
standard.
5.4.6.3 Temperature monitoring shall include the capability of displaying all monitored values. Unless otherwise specied, the display shall include automatic capability to display
the highest temperature.
5.4.6.4 The temperature monitoring shutdown (danger)
function shall be eld changeable to allow either of the following two possible congurations:

5.4.7 Speed Indicating Tachometer

5.4.7.1 When specied, a speed indicating tachometer shall
be provided. It shall have the ability to record and store the
highest measured rotational speed (rpm), known as peak speed.
5.4.7.2 When specied, controlled access reset capability
for the peak speed function shall be available both locally and
remotely. A speed indicating tachometer shall not be used for
overspeed protection.
5.4.7.3 The system shall accept transducer inputs from
either standard probes or magnetic speed sensors.
5.4.8 Electronic Overspeed Detection
5.4.8.1 When specied, an electronic overspeed detection
system shall be supplied.
Note: The electronic overspeed detection system is only one component in a complete overspeed protection system. This standard does
not address these other components such as solenoids, interposing
relays, trip valves, and so forth. Refer to the machinery standard for
the machine in question (such as API 612) for details pertaining to
these other components of the overspeed protection system.

5.4.8.2 The electronic overspeed detection system shall be

dedicated to the overspeed detection function only. It shall be
separate from and independent of all other control or protective systems such that its ability to detect an overspeed event
and activate its output relays does not depend in any way
upon the correct operation of these other systems and does
not depend on these other systems to trip the machine.
Note: The intent of this paragraph is to prevent the electronic overspeed detection system hardware from being combined with hardware from other systems or from using other interposing control or
automation systems between the electronic overspeed detection system and the other components of the overspeed protection system
(such as interposing relays or solenoids).

This requirement for complete segregation of the electronic

overspeed detection system from other systems includes not
only the hardware for process control and machine control
systems, but also the hardware used for other machinery protection functions described in this standard such as radial
vibration, axial position, temperature, and so forth.

a. Any individual sensor must reach or violate the shutdown

(danger) setpoint.
b. Dual voting logic between predetermined pairs of sensors
must reach or violate the shutdown (danger) setpoint.

5.4.8.3 When digital or analog communication interfaces

are provided, they shall not form part of the overspeed protection system and shall not affect its operation in any way.

Dual voting logic shall be standard when two sensors are

installed in the load zone of the bearing. Single violations (OR
logic) shall be standard for all other sensor congurations.

Note: The intent of this paragraph is to allow status and other data
from the electronic overspeed detection system to be shared with
process control, machine control, emergency shutdown, or other
control and automation systems via digital or other interfaces.

Copyright American Petroleum Institute

Provided by IHS under license with API
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

Not for Resale

MACHINERY PROTECTION SYSTEMS

5.4.8.4 The electronic overspeed detection system shall

satisfy the following requirements:
a. The system shall be based on three independent measuring
circuits and two-out-of-three voting logic.
b. Unless otherwise specied, the system shall sense an overspeed event and change the state of its output relays within 40
milliseconds when provided with a minimum input signal frequency of 300 Hz. Response time must consider complete
system dynamics (see note) as outlined in ASME PTC 20.21965 Section 7.
Note: 40 millisecond response time may not be adequate in all cases
to keep the rotor speed from exceeding the maximum allowed for
the machine. Give consideration to the following:
1. The electronic overspeed detection system is only one part of the
total overspeed protection system. Total system response time is
affected by, but not limited to, the rotor acceleration rate, the electronic overspeed detection system, the trip valve(s), the electrohydraulic solenoid valves, the entrained potential energy downstream of the trip valve(s) and in the machine, and (where applicable) the extraction check valve(s).
2. To achieve proper electronic overspeed detection system
response time, a minimum number of events per unit time is
required. This is dependent on the method of speed sensing
employed and could, for example, be affected by the number of teeth
on the speed sensing surface, the tooth prole, and the shaft rotational speed (refer to Appendix J).
3. The use of intrinsic safety barriers to meet hazardous area classication requirements may introduce signal delays that preclude the
system from meeting acceptable response time criteria. Care should
be taken to consider these effects when designing the electronic
overspeed detection system and choosing components. Alternative
methods should be considered as required to meet the area classication requirements.

c. An overspeed condition sensed by any one circuit shall

initiate an alarm.
d. An overspeed condition sensed by two out of three circuits
shall initiate a shutdown.
e. Failure of a speed sensor, power supply, or logic device in
any circuit shall initiate an alarm only.
f. Failure of a speed sensor, power supply, or logic device in
two out of three circuits shall initiate a shutdown.
g. Items c, d, e, and f shall require manual reset.
h. All settings incorporated in the overspeed circuits shall be
eld changeable and shall be protected through controlled
access.
i. Each overspeed circuit shall accept inputs from a frequency generator for verifying the trip speed setting.
j. Each overspeed circuit shall provide an output for speed
readout.
k. The speed sensors used as inputs to the electronic overspeed
detection system shall not be shared with any other system.

Copyright American Petroleum Institute

Provided by IHS under license with API
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

23

l. A peak hold feature with controlled access reset shall be

provided to indicate the maximum speed reached since last
reset.
Note: Depending on system design, it may be necessary to reset the
peak hold feature after testing to ensure that maximum rotor speed
reached during an actual overspeed event is captured.

m. Activation of online testing functions shall only be permitted through controlled access.
n. The system shall be provided with fully redundant power
supplies in accordance with 5.4.1.7.i.
Note: These power supplies should be energized by the purchasers
independent and uninterruptible instrument branch power circuits.

o. The electronic overspeed detection system shall accept

speed sensor inputs from either magnetic speed sensors or
proximity probes (see 6.1.6). Unless otherwise specied, the
inputs shall be congured to accept passive magnetic speed
sensors.
5.5 WIRING AND CONDUITS
5.5.1 General
Installation shall be in accordance with the following:
a. Wiring and conduits shall comply with the electrical practices specied in NFPA 70 (see Figures 10, 11, 12, C-1, and
C-2).
b. All conduit, signal and power cable, and monitor system
components shall be located in well-ventilated areas away
from hot spots such as piping, machinery components, and
vessels.
c. Machinery protection system components shall not be
covered by insulation or obstructed by items such as machinery covers, conduits, and piping.
d. All conduits, armored cable, and similar components
shall be located to permit disassembly and repair of equipment without causing damage to the electrical installation.
e. Signal and power wiring shall be segregated according to
good instrument installation practices (see 5.5.2.4).
f. Signal wiring shall not be run in conduits or trays containing circuits of more than 30 volts of either alternating or
direct current.
g. Signal wiring shall be shielded, twisted pair, or shielded
triad to minimize susceptibility to electromagnetic or radio
frequency interference.
5.5.2 Conduit Runs To Panels
5.5.2.1 Conduits shall be:
a. Weatherproof and of suitable size to meet NFPA 70 requirements for the size and number of signal cables to be installed.
b. Supplied with a drain installed at each conduit low point.

Not for Resale