TOUR 8T

TRAVEL AGENCY OPERATIONS

Week 1
Definition, Function, Characteristics and Organization of a Travel Agencies / Travel
Management Companies
The Traditional Way
A travel agency in its traditional role as agents for principals and travel services
providers is defined as follows:
A commercial enterprise where a traveler can secure information and expertise, get
impartial counseling and make arrangements to travel by air, sea or land to any point in
the world.

The travel agency acts as a middleman between the vendor and the vendee. The
vendee communicates with the middlemen and the middlemen communicate
with the vendor and vice-versa.
As a middleman, the Agency collects an agents commission from the vendor.
This commission is normally defined as rate-minus.
The Agency is allowed to unilaterally mark up the net cost given by the vendor.
This is known as the net-plus. the best price driven

Vendor

Middleman

Vendee

The New Trends

Global Distribution Systems (GDS) perform electronic marketing as well as

sales functions for various travel services suppliers
Advent of internet as a source of information, e-rates and online bookings and
confirmations directly with the vendors

The New Way

Travel Management Company

Acts as a partner to both the vendor and the vendee

Proactive provides the individual traveler with the most suitable suppliers
based on the vendees needs, convenience and price
Examines and evaluates vendees preferences and budgets and determines the
best travel arrangement
Manages all of the vendees travel process from the negotiation stage to the post
travel review for a professional fee described as cost-plus the best travel
solution

Vendor

Vendee

TMC

TMC is defined as a commercial enterprise where a traveler may secure information,

receive travel advice and make arrangements to travel by air, sea or land to any point
in the world for a professional fee.

Functions of a Travel Agency / TMC

1. Provide information and expertise.
2. Recommend destinations, products and services best suited to the needs of the
client
3. Provide assistance in securing travel documents
4. Process travel arrangements
5. Assist in cases of refunds and cancellations
Sales and Revenues of Travel Agency / TMC
1. Professional or handling fee (TMC cost plus)
2. Fixed commission on regular fares (rate minus) or a reasonable mark-up on net
fares (net plus)
3. Ancillary services
4. Incentives and rebates
Characteristics of Travel Agent / TMC
1.
2.
3.
4.

Retailer
Acts as a counselor to the end-user and an agent for the supplier
Derives revenues from a pre-determined fixed commission or professional fee
Charges fees for ancillary services

Organizational Structure, Departmental Functions and Job Descriptions

A. Administration
1. General Administration legal aspects of the organization, purchase and
maintenance, insurance, formulation of company policies & SOPS
2. Personnel Section hiring policies and compensation schemes
3. Accounting Section handles all records including permits, licenses and
responsible for the custody of accountable forms
4. Finance Section acts as a custodian of all money collected and disbursed
B. Operations the Core of the TA / TMC business
1. Counter-counseling
2. Reservations
3. Fare Calculation
4. Ticketing
5. Documentation
C. Marketing & Sales generate targeted maximum sales for the organization in
order to meet the targeted figures.
Setting up a Travel Agency / TMC
A. Identify the type of ownership
1. Sole / Single Proprietorship owned by a single individual
2. Partnership owned by at least 2 individuals
3. Corporation it requires a minimum of 5 investors
B. Secure all the requirements needed
1. Sole Proprietorship
1.1. DTI Trade Registration for Trade Name Registration, TIN of owner,
Bank Certificate for companys capitalization
1.2. LGU DTI Certificate, Application form, Resume of Owner, List of
employees, All clearances and permits
2. Partnership
2.1. SEC Articles of Partnership, Bank Certificate
2.2. DTI Registration - Articles of Partnership, Bank Certificate
2.3. LGU SEC approved partnership document, -same as SP3. Corporation
3.1. SEC Articles of Incorporation, By-laws, Bank Certificate,
Incorporators resumes
3.2. DTI Registration same as SEC
3.3. LGU - same
**DOT Accreditation for TMCs/TAs is optional while an LGU license is a must DOT
Accreditation is a certificate issued by the DOT that the holder has complied with the
DOTs minimum standards in the operation of the establishment concerned, which
shall ensure the comfort and convenience of the tourist.

TRAVEL AGENCY OPERATIONS

Week 2
Phonetic Alphabet, International and Local City / Airport Codes, Airline Codes

Phonetic Alphabet
Different names for the same spelling alphabet. The International Civil Aviation
Organization's alphabet is the widely used alphabet of code words by pilots, air traffic
controllers and airline customer service agents in the airline industry.
In the world of aviation, there is a different way of learning your ABC's. The ICAO
Alphabet is not only used by the military, but also by airline employees. It is a great
way to make sure you are understood (since a B, P, T, and V sound hauntingly similar
when spoken), and an appropriate introduction to airline lingo.

A - Alpha
B - Bravo
C - Charlie
D - Delta
E - Echo
F - Foxtrot
G - Golf
H - Hotel
I - India
J - Juliet
K - Kilo
L - Lima

M - Mike
N - November
O - Oscar
P - Papa
Q - Quebec
R - Romeo
S - Sierra
T - Tango
U - Uniform
V - Victor
W - Whiskey
X - X-ray

Y - Yankee
Z - Zulu

International Air Transport Associations (IATA)

IATA - The International Air Transport Association - was founded in Havana,
Cuba, in April 1945. It is the prime vehicle for inter-airline cooperation in promoting
safe, reliable, secure and economical air services - for the benefit of the world's
consumers. The international scheduled air transport industry is now more than 100
times larger than it was in 1945. Few industries can match the dynamism of that
growth, which would have been much less spectacular without the standards,
practices and procedures developed within IATA.
At its founding, IATA had 57 Members from 31 nations, mostly in Europe and
North America. Today it has over 270 Members from more than 140 nations in every
part of the globe.
The modern IATA is the successor to the International Air Traffic Association
founded in The Hague in 1919 - the year of the worlds first international scheduled
services.

This was reflected in the 1945 Articles of Association and a much more precise
definition of IATA's aims than had existed before 1939.
To promote safe, regular and economical air transport for the benefit of the
peoples of the world, to foster air commerce, and to study the problems connected
therewith;
To provide means for collaboration among the air transport enterprises engaged
directly or indirectly in international air transport service;
To cooperate with the newly created International Civil Aviation Organization
(ICAO - the specialized United Nations agency for civil aviation) and other international
organizations.

INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION (IATA) TRAFFIC CONFERENCE

AREA
This IATA Traffic Conference Area was conceptualized to easily divide the world into
only 3 areas. This is used mainly for airline purposes especially in determining the
RATE or PRICE of a ticket. Price of a ticket in the same TC area is usually related to
each other.
AIRLINE /CITY /AIRPORT CODES
AREA 1 NORTH / CENTRAL / SOUTH AMERICA

Country
Canada

State / Capital City

Ottawa
Charlottetown
Edmonton
Halifax
Montreal
Ontario
Quebec
Toronto
Vancouver
Winnipeg

Greenland

Nuuk

Airport
Code
YOW
YYG
YEG
YHZ
YMQ
ONT
YQB
YYZ
YVR
YWG

GOH

Country
United States of
America

State / Capital City

Washington DC
Washington Dulles Apt
Alabama Montgomery
Alaska Juneau
Arizona Phoenix
Arkansas Little Rock
California Sacramento
Los Angeles
San Diego
San Francisco
Colorado Denver
Florida Miami
Tampa
Orlando
Orlando International Airport
Georgia Atlanta
Hawaii Honolulu
Idaho Boise
Illinois Springfield
Chicago
Chicago O Hare Intl. Apt.
Indiana Indianapolis
Iowa Des Moines
Kansas Topeka
Louisiana Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Maine Augusta
Massachusetts Boston
Michigan Lansing
Minnesota Minneapolis St. Paul
Mississippi Jackson
Missouri Kansas City Intl. Apt.
St. Louis
Montana Helena
Nebraska Lincoln
New Mexico Sta. Fe
New York New York City
Newark Intl. Apt.
Albany

Airport
Code
WAS
IAD
MGM
JNU
PHX
LIT
SMF
LAX
SAN
SFO
DEN
MIA
TPA
ORL
MCO
ATL
HNL
BOI
SPI
CHI
ORD
IND
DSM
TOP
BTR
MSY
AUG
BOS
LAN
MSP
JAN
MCI
STL
HLN
LNK
SAF
NYC
EWR
ALB

Country
United States of
America

North Carolina Raleigh

North Dakota Bismarck
Ohio Columbus
Cincinnati
Oregon Portland
Pennsylvania Harrisburg
Pittsburg
Philadelphia
Rhode Island Providence
South Carolina Columbia
South Dakota Pierre
Tennessee Nashville
Memphis
Texas Austin
Dallas Forth Worth
Houston
Utah Salt Lake City
Virginia Richmond
Washington State Seattle
West Virginia Charleston
Wisconsin Madison
Wyoming Cheyenne

Airport
Code
RDU
BIS
CMH
CVG
PDX
HAR
PIT
PHL
PVD
CAE
PIR
BNA
MEM
AUS
DFW
HOU
SLC
RIC
SEA
CRW
MSN
CYS

Argentina
Brazil

Buenos Aires
Brasilia
Sao Paolo
Rio de Janeiro
La Paz
Santiago
Concepcion
Bogota
Quito
Cayenne
Georgetown
Mexico City
Managua
Asuncion
Lima

BUE
BSB
SAO
GIG
LPB
SCL
CCP
BOG
UIO
CAU
GEO
MEX
MGA
ASU
LIM

Bolivia
Chile
Columbia
Ecuador
French Guiana
Guyana
Mexico
Nicaragua
Paraguay
Peru

State / Capital City

Country
Uruguay
Venezuela
Antigua & Barbuda
Barbados
Belize
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
El Salvador
Grenada
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Nicaragua
Panama
St. Kitts & Nevis
Trinidad & Tobago
The Bahamas

State / Capital City

Montevideo
Caracas
St. Johns
Bridgetown
Belize City
San Jose
Havana
Roseau
Sto. Domingo
San Salvador
Georgetown
Guatemala City
Port-au-prince
Tegucigalpa
Kingston
Managua
Panama City
Basseterre
Port of Spain
Nassau

AREA 2 EUROPE / MIDDLE EAST/ AFRICA

Airport
Code
MVD
CCS
ANU
BGI
BZE
SJO
HAV
DCF
SDQ
SAL
GND
GUA
PAP
TGU
KIN
MGA
PTY
SKB
NOS
NAS

Country
EUROPE
Albania
Andorra
Armenia
Austria

Belarus
Belgium
Boznia-Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
England
Estonia
Finland
France

Georgia
Germany

Gibraltar
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy

Latvia
Lithuania
Luxemburg
Macedonia
Netherlands
Northern Ireland
Norway
Poland
Portugal

State / Capital City

Tirana
Andorra la Vella
Yerevan
Vienna
Graz
Linz
Minsk
Brussels
Antwerp
Sarajevo
Sofia
Zagreb
Prague
Copenhagen
London
Tallinn
Helsinki
Paris
Charles de Gaulle Intl. Apt.
Lyon
Marseille
Nice
Monte Carlo
Tbilisi
Berlin
Cologne
Frankfurt
Hamburg
Munich
Gibraltar
Athens
Budapest
Reykjavik
Dublin
Rome
Leonardo da Vinci Fiumicino Apt.
Milan
Naples
Venice
Riga
Vilnius
Luxemburg
Skopje
Amsterdam
Rotterdam
Belfast
Oslo
Warsaw
Lisbon

Airport
Code
TIA
ALV
EVN
VIE
GRZ
LNZ
MSQ
BRU
ANR
SJJ
SOF
ZAG
PRG
CPH
LON
TLL
HEL
PAR
CDG
LYS
MRS
NCE
MCM
TBS
BER
CGN
FRA
HAM
MUC
GIB
ATH
BUD
REK
DUB
ROM
FCO
MXP
NAP
VCE
RIX
VNO
LUX
SKP
AMS
RTM
BFS
OSL
WAW
LIS

AREA 3 ASIA / AUSTRALIA

Country
ASIA
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Brunei
Myanmar
China

India

Indonesia
Japan

Cambodia
North Korea
South Korea
Laos
Malaysia
Mongolia
Nepal
Pakistan
Philippines

Singapore
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Vietnam
AUSTRALIA
Australia

Guam
New Caledonia
New Zealand

State / Capital City

Airport
Code

Kabul
Dhaka
Bandar Seri Begawan
Napyidaw
Beijing Intl. Apt.
Guangzhou
Shanghai
Hong Kong
Macau
New Delhi
Bombay
Calcutta
Jakarta
Tokyo
Tokyo Narita Intl. Apt.
Tokyo Haneda Intl. Apt.
Osaka
Phnom Penh
Pyongyang
Seoul
Vientiane
Kuala Lumpur
Ulan Bator
Kathmandu
Karachi
Lahore
Manila
Cebu
Davao
Kalibo
Puerto Princesa
Tagbilran
Singapore City
Colombo
Taipei
Hanoi
Ho Chi Minh

KBL
DAC
BWN
NYT
PEK
CAN
SHA
HKG
MFM
DEL
BOM
CCU
JKT
TYO
NRT
HND
OSA
PNH
FNJ
SEL
VTE
KUL
ULN
KTM
KHI
LHE
MNL
CEB
DVO
KLO
PPS
TAG
SIN
CMB
TPE
HAN
SGN

Canberra
Brisbane
Melbourne
Perth
Sydney
Agana
Noumea
Auckland
Christchurch

CBR
BNE
MEL
PER
SYD
GUM
NOU
AKL
CHC

AIRLINE CODES
The airline codes, however, is a two (2) letter code to specify the airline. It is also useful
in ticketing and in airline operations.
International Airlines
American Airlines - AA
Portugalia - NI
Air Canada - AC
Northwest Airlines - NW
Air France - AF
Air Macau - NX
Air India - AI
Air New Zealand - NZ
Finnair - AY
Air Nauru - ON
Alitalia - AZ
African Intercontinental - OY
British Airways - BA
Asiana Airlines - OZ
Royal Brunei - BI
Air Fiji - PC
EVA Airways - BR
Pakistan International - PK
China Airlines - CI
Philippine Airlines - PR
Continental - CO
Air Nuigini - PX
Continental Micronesia - CS
Quantas Airways - QF
Cathay Pacific - CX
Air Malawi - QM
Delta Airlines - DL
Qatar Airways - Q7
Emirates - EK
VARIG - RG
Garuda Indonesia - GA
Royal Jordanian - RJ
Gulf Air - GF
South African Airways -SA
Jetstar Airways JQ
Tiger Airways TR

Hawaiian Airlines - HA
Swissair- SR
Iran Air - IR
Singapore Airlines - SQ
IBERIA - IB
Saudi Arabian Airlines - SV
Istanbul Airlines - IL
Thai International Airways - TG
Air Greece - JG
Turkish Airlines - TK
Japan Airlines - JL
United Airlines - UA
Brasil Central - JJ
Air UK - UK
Dragonair - KA
Air Zimbabwe - UM
Korean Air - KE
Bahamasair - UP
KLM Royal Dutch - KL
Vietnam Airlines - VN
Air Malta - KM
Air Tahiti - VT
Kuwait Airways - KU
Nigeria Airways - WT
LAN Chile - LA
Oman Air - WY
Lufthansa - LH
EL Al Israel Airlines - LY
Malaysia Airlines - MH
MI - Silk Air
MK - Air Mauritius
MS - Egyptair
PACO - Pacific Air
MX - Mexicana

Domestic
2P Pal Express
5J - Cebu Pacific
Z2 - Zest Air
DG Seair

THE TRAVEL MANAGEMENT CYCLE

Week 3 - 4

The Operations Department cycle is divided into 5 (1) Counter-counseling (2) Reservations (3) Fare
Calculation (4) Ticketing (5) Documentation

The players of the Travel Operations Department are: the Manager, the Travel Supervisor and the
Documentation Supervisor, the Travel Counselors or Counter Staff, the Reservations & Ticketing
Officers and the Liaison Officer.
Counter counseling aims to conclude counter sales, which are transactions captured by the travel
counselors or counter staff.

These transactions are the result of providing information and

recommending suitable and attractive products. Effective counter counseling leads to counter sales.
It includes suggesting itineraries and insuring proper travel documentation.
FLIGHT ITINERARY PLANNING
The process by which cities to be visited are arranged in the desired sequence to conform with the
passengers desired travel plans, starting from the point of origin or destinations to be visited in the
desired sequence.
1. Identify the city-pairs involved (origin destination). Ex. Roundtrip journey has 2 city pairs
2. Select the suitable flights between the city-pairs on the basis of schedule (ETA/ETD) and
frequency (day of the week)
**Knowledge of world geo, airline flight geo and how to use a map is important. (Map directions N (12)
E (3) S (6) W (9). It is also important to determine the scale. Scale is the proportional difference
between the actual size of the area and the size of a map.
Rules in Itinerary Planning
1. Avoid crisscrossing
2. Avoid backtracking
3. The less carriers the better more to do with competitive airfares than anything else.
**Simplest way select a direct non-stop flight
**If there is no direct flight, select a hub or transfer airport. In choosing a hub, take into account the
safety of the passengers.

Basic Tools for Flight Itinerary Planning

1. OAG Flight Planner

2. Individual flight schedules in the travel portals
3. Global city pair availability in the GDS

Types of Journey
1. One-way (OW)
2. Round Trip (RT)
3. Circle Trip (CT) within a region
4. Round-the-World (RW) travel within 3 continents
5. Open Jaw one sector is not part of the ticket
24-Hour Time and Time Zones
The arrival/departure times of the airlines are always expressed in local time. These are given in the
24-hour system (military time). Ex. 6:00 AM is 0600H
Every 15 degrees of longitudes represent 1 hour time difference. The starting reference longitude is
the Greenwich Prime Meridian (0 degree @ 1200H) This is also known as Zulu Time in the airline
industry. There are 12 time zones east and 12 time zones in west of GMT.
E.g.

Manila
USA LAX

GMT+8
GMT-8

When GMT is 1200H

When GMT is 1200H

Local time in MNL is 2000H

Local time in LAX is 0400H

OAG FLIGHT PLANNER

The basis for all electronic and automated flight information gathering systems being used today by both consumers and travel management
companies is the Official Airline Guides (OAG). The information in an OAG Flight Planner is presented in an alphabetically, easy-to-use
from/to (city-pair) style. The FROM is each DEPARTURE city, while the TO each ARRIVAL city, showing which airline fly the route between.
1. DEPARTURE CITY the English spelling of the city of departure, its airline code and time variation from Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
2. AIRPORT (APT) Airport names, code, distance and directions from city center o highlights airport at multi airports cities.
3. ARRIVAL CITY Cities served from the point of departure by through or connecting flights. If the city of arrival has more than one
airport, the name and code of each is given.
4. FLIGHT INFORMATION Flights are shown in order of departure time. Through-flights are listed before connecting flights. Some cities
are served by connecting flights only.
5. KEYS TO THROUGH-FLIGHT INFORMATION
6. VALIDITY Flight information is valid between the dates shown. Through and connecting flights operating for shorter periods are
indicated by the first/last date of operation
7. DAYS OF OPERATION
8. DEPARTURE AND ARRIVAL TIMES. Bold type is used for departure time from the city of origin and arrival time at the final
destination. Arrival and departure time at transfer connection airports are not shown. The following symbols are used where arrivals is on a
day different from that of departure.
* - following day

S fourth day

++ - third day

- previous day

9. FLIGHT NUMBER The 2-letter airline code is used, followed by flight number.
10. AIRCRAFT TYPE
11. CLASS Class of service offered
12. STOPS The number of intermediate stops on each flight.
13. TRANSFER CONNECTION INFORMATION
14. FLIGHT NUMBER The flight operating from city of departure to first transfer airport.
15. TRANSFER CONNECTION AIRPORT
16. FLIGHT NUMBER The flight operating from the transfer airport to the city of arrival or the next transfer airport.
Partial Codes of Aircraft Type
AB3 Airbus Industries A300

310 Airbus Industries A310

73S - Boeing 737 - 200

BEC Beechcraft
BNI PB Norman Islander
B11- British Aerospace BAC 111
CNA Cessna

320 Airbus Industries A320i 00/200

733 - Boeing 737 - 300
330 - Airbus Industries A330
747 - Boeing 747
72S Boeing 727-200
744 - Boeing 747 - 400
727 Boeing 727
767 - Boeing 767

Fare Class / Type Codes

First Class

R
P
F
A

Economy / Coach Class

Supersonic
First Class Premium
First Class
First Class Discounted

Business Class
J
Business Class Premium
C
Business Class
D / I / C Business Class Discounted

W Economy / Coach Premium

S Economy / Coach
Y Economy / Coach Discounted

BOOKING CARD FOR TRAVEL

Week 5

The Booking Card is the working form of the Operations Department - Travel. It is a complete record
of all requirements of the passenger and provides a history of actions taken, confirmation, option
dates and other relevant information. One must write in block letters to properly fill out and
accomplish this form. Following the guidelines below:
1. DATE. Write the date the card is issued.
2. REFERENCE NUMBER. Write the assigned reference number / code for the transaction. Some do not write
anything in this box unless a deposit payment has been made.
3. NAME(s). Write the passengers family name, followed by a slash, then first name and title. Write age of
children.
4. HOME ADDRESS, PHONE NUMBER, E-MAIL.
5. COMPANY NAME, ADDRESS AND CONTACT PERSON. For corporate travel
6. FLIGHT ITINERARY. This is the flight scheduled requested or best suited to the clients itinerary.
6.1. Date. Date of Travel Write the day and month in 3 letters ex. 05JUL
6.2. From. Write the point of origin
6.3. To. Write the destination point. Last box is last destination point.
6.4. Flight Number. Alphanumeric airline code and flight number
6.5. Class. Booking class code requested
6.6. ETD. Estimated Time of Departure from the origin city
6.7. ETA. Estimated Time of Arrival at the destination city
6.8. Status. Write the status as per airline reservations / GDS
6.9. Option. Time and date of the cut-off time to issue the ticket
6.10. PNR. Passengers Number Record as per airline reservations staff / GDS monitor
6.11. Fare. Write the sector fare = return, circle, open jaw fare
**Types of Journey

1. OW one-way
2. RT roundtrip

3. CT - Circle Trip
4. OJ open jaw, a sector is not part of a ticket

6.12. Total Airfare per Passenger. Total airfare x number of passengers

6.13. Number of Passengers
6.14. Total Amount Due for Airfares
7. HOTEL ACCOMMODATIONS. A list of hotel requirements including number of rooms and applicable room
rates.
7.1. City. City where the hotel is located.
7.2. Arr. Arrival/ check-in date.
7.3. Dep. Departure / check-out date.
7.4. Hotel Name.
7.5. Type. Type of room required (SGL, TWN, DBL)
7.6. Rate. Per night room rate.
7.7. Number. Indicate number of rooms required.
7.8. Nights. Indicate number of nights required.
7.9. Total. Room type rate x number of nights per city.
7.10. Total Hotel Accommodations
8. SIGHTSEEING TOURS.
8.1.
8.2.
8.3.
8.4.
8.5.
8.6.
8.7.
8.8.
8.9.

City. City where the tour is requested.

Date. Date of the tour.
Sightseeing Tour Name. Tour title
Hours. # of hours (> 8H = full day)
AM-PM. Or EV for evening
PP Rate. Rate per passenger
No. of Pax.
Total. Total sightseeing cost per destination
Total Sightseeing Tours

9. PREPARED BY. Write your name (as Travel Counselor)

10. SUMMARY. Total the airfare, the hotel accommodations and the sightseeing tours to determine the value
of the transaction.
BOOKING CARD FOR TRAVEL
Date (1) 07 AUG
Passenger/s Name/s (3)

Reference Number: N/A BONUS

Home
Address
(4)
#3060

INTERIOR

CORDELLERA ST NEWYORK, CUBAO QC

1.AQUINO/BERNADETTE KRIS/MS
2.YAPJR/JAMES BIMBY MSTR (CHD)

Contact#: BONUS
Email Address: BKRISAQUINO@GMAIL.COM

12

Company Name (5) ABS- CBN CORP.

Phone # 921-3566

Company Address: #02 MO. IGNACIA ST DILIMAN QC

Fax #581-3217

Company Contact Person DARLA ALVAREZ

Email: BKRISAQUINO@GMAIL.COM/ BONUS
Flight Itinerary Details (6)
Date

From

To

Flight #

Class

ETD

ETA

Status

Option

Fare

05SEP

MNL

SIN

PR3041

1300H

1430

CONFIRMED

N/A BONUS

RT

07SEP

SIN

MNL

PR3150

1100H

1230

CONFIRMED

N/ABONUS

RT

Record Locator: ENW001/ BONUS

Airfare: 210$ X 2 = 420USD X 43.00PHP= PHP18,060.
Phil. Travel Tax: P1,260. X 2 = P3,240.00
TOTAL AIRFARE: PHP 21,300.00
Hotel Accommodation
City
Arr
Dep
Hotel Name
SINGAPORE,

05SEP

07SEP

RAFFLES HOTEL, SINGAPORE

Type
DBL

Rate

Number

105 USD

Nights
2

SINGAPORE/
SIN

TOTAL HOTEL ACCOMODATION:PHP 4,515.00 X 2 NIGHTS

TOTAL TRANSACTION VALUE: PHP 9,030.00

City
SIN

Date
06 SEP

SIN
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL

06 SEP

Sightseeing Tours
Sightseeing Tour Name
Hours
Time
LEGO LAND

3H

TWIN TOWER

AIR FARE:
HOTEL ACCOMMODATIONS:
SIGHTSEEING TOURS:
TRASACTION VALUE:

PM

2H

PP Rate
55USD

PM

10USD

#of Pax
2

Total
110 USD

20 USD

PHP21,300.00
PHP9,030.00
PHP 5,590.00
PHP 35,920.00

PREPARED BY: _____NAME OF STUDENT_______________

DATE: ___________07 AUG_________________

RESERVATIONS
Week 6-7

RESERVATIONS advanced requests for available space and services at sometime in the
future.

CONFIRMATION - a written advice by a supplier that a reservation has been accepted and
will be honored, thus the term confirmed reservations.
3 METHODS:
1. Manual Reservations direct contact with the suppliers staff by mobile or regular
phone.
2. Electronic Reservations through the suppliers e-mail address or interactive website
that accepts reservations and provides confirmations.
3. Automated Reservations through a global distribution system wherein the supplier is
a member that provides availability and accepts reservations.
FLIGHT RESERVATIONS
Manual Reservations are the traditional way of placing reservation before the advent of
e-commerce and internet. This method involves direct contact with the suppliers staff by
mobile or regular phone.
When making reservations with a scheduled airline carrier or an airline, provide the
following information:
1. Sector / Leg Required Sectors being traveled, that is point of origin to point of
destination.
2. Date of Travel
3. Flight Number / Class
4. Passenger (s) Name, Number of Pax, Adult, Children with age, seats being reserved
After

providing

the

above

TRANSACTION/RESERVATION

information,
STATUS

the

(confirmed,

airline

will

waitlisted,

give

unable);

you

the

the

PNR

(PASSENGER NAME RECORD); which is a code of reference for the transaction, and the
TICKETING OPTION , which is the date and time when the ticket(s) has to be
purchased/issued in order not to lose the reservation.
Electronic Reservations were introduced by the use of email correspondence and involve
writing to the email address of the supplier and receiving a reply form a department or
individual.

Another way is through an interactive website where no human contact is

involved. Fields or boxes in the screen are filled out with the necessary details and the site

either accepts or rejects the request.

Confirmations are provided for confirmed

reservations.
Automated Reservations are made through a global distribution system wherein the
supplier is a member. Unlike electronic reservations where fields or boxes in the screen
are filled out with the necessary details, this method provides the availability of a service
first, allowing the client to make a choice. After the selection is made and inputted, the
system provides confirmations.
AMADEUS AUTOMATED RESERVATIONS SYSTEM
Amadeus Air provides airline schedules for more than 780 airlines and availability
information for flights that have seats available for sale on more than 460 airlines. The
Amadeus system stores over 500,000 city pairs and 3.9 million routings worldwide, offering
a wide range of direct flights and over 6 million connecting flight options.
Availability Display
The Amadeus availability shows all the flights with at least one seat available for sale or
waitlist for all airlines, which have sales agreement with Amadeus.
Flight Type:
1. Non-stop a flight that operates between 2 cities and does not make any stops.
2. Direct an online flight that operates between 2 cities and make a stop in 1 or more
cities en route.
3. Connecting a flight that operates between 2 cities and makes a change online or
interline in one or more cities en route.
4. Change of Equipment / Gauge an online flight that operates between 2 cities with
a change of aircraft at any international city.

AMADEUS SYSTEM ENTRIES / TRANSACTION COMMANDS:

1. City Pair Availability AN20DECHKGSIN where AN is the transaction code for

neutral availability.

AN10DECMNLHKG/ACX/CQ*20DECHKGSIN/ASQ/CH
**AMADEUS AVAILABILITY AN ** HKG HONG KONG.HK 103 SA 10DEC 0000
**HOTEL NIKKO HONGKONG OFFERS SUPERB PROMOTIONAL RATES**
FROM 988 HKD VALID UNTIL 31 DEC 03 SEE> HANKHKG0001/SR-PRO
1 CX 904 Y

/MNL 1 HKG 0700 0855 E0/330

1:55

2 CX 900 Y

/MNL 1 HKG 1155 1405 E0/343

2:10

3 CX 918 Y

/MNL 1 HKG 1735 1935 E0/330

2:00

4 CX 902 Y

/MNL 1 HKG 2010 2210 E0/330

2:00

**AMADEUS AVAILABILITY AN ** SIN SINGAPORE.SG 106 TU 20DEC 0000

BEGIN WITH THE BEST BIZ AT RITZ CARLTON MILLENIA TU 151USD
WORLDS FAVORITE HOTEL BY EUROMONEY *TO BOOK>HARSINSIN
11 SQ 001 Y /HKG SIN 2 0800

1135 E0.744 3:35

12 SQ 859 Y /HKG SIN 2 1330

1705 E0.773 3:35

13 SQ 865 Y /HKG SIN 2 1830

2205 E0.772 3:35

2. Dual City-Pair Availability AN23SEPMNLHKG*26SEPHKGSIN

AN23SEPMNLHKG/ACX/CQ*26SEPHKGSIN/ASQ/CH
**AMADEUS AVAILABILITY AN ** HKG HONG KONG.HK 103 TU 23SEP 0000
**HOTEL NIKKO HONGKONG OFFERS SUPERB PROMOTIONAL RATES**
FROM 988 HKD VALID UNTIL 31 DEC 03 SEE> HANKHKG0001/SR-PRO
1 CX 904 Q9 /MNL 1 HKG 0700 0855 E0/330

1:55

2 CX 900 Q9 /MNL 1 HKG 1155 1405 E0/343

2:10

3 CX 918 Q9 /MNL 1 HKG 1735 1935 E0/330

2:00

4 CX 902 Q9 /MNL 1 HKG 2010 2210 E0/330

2:00

**AMADEUS AVAILABILITY AN ** SIN SINGAPORE.SG 106 FR 26SEP 0000

BEGIN WITH THE BEST BIZ AT RITZ CARLTON MILLENIA TU 151USD
WORLDS FAVORITE HOTEL BY EUROMONEY *TO BOOK>HARSINSIN
11 SQ 001 H9

/HKG SIN 2 0800

1135 E0.744 3:35

12 SQ 859 H9

/HKG SIN 2 1330

1705 E0.773 3:35

13 SQ 865 H9

/HKG SIN 2 1830

2205 E0.772 3:35

3. Schedule Display a schedule display contains flights for all airlines that submit
schedule data to Amadeus irrespective of the availability status of their flights.
SN11JYNMNLBKK where SN is the transaction command for neutral
schedule
Entry
AN11JUNSFOLGA/AUA
SN08FEBGUMHNL/CB

To display a schedule for

A specific carrier
A specific booking class

SN21APRPARTPE/XHKG

A specific connecting point

SN19OCTCDGLHR0900

Flights departing one hour before the time

specified
Airlines does not have an availability and
sales agreement with Amadeus

SN15SEPMNLCEB/AYY

4. Timetable Display timetable display contains flights of all airlines between a

specific city pair for one-week period. This display shows you the frequency of flights
between 2 airports and indicates which airlines operate on a particular day of the
week. The display contains flights of airlines that participate in Amadeus.
TN12AUGMNLSIN where TN is the transaction command for neutral
timetable
5. Flight Information provides users with information on the operation of a specific
flight and date as provided by the respective airlines.
There are 2 ways of checking the flight information:
A. Using a follow-up entry from an availability display
DO1 where DO is the transaction code for flight information; 1 flight line
number from an availability display.
B. By displaying the flight number and date
DOCX751/10AUG/HKGBOM

6. Airline Access Levels offers airlines several types of availability and schedule
displays and for booking seats.

Access Level Indicator Table

Indicator
/
.
*
(Blank)
A.

Access Type
Full Amadeus Access
Amadeus Access Sell
Amadeus Direct Access
Standard Access

Full Amadeus Access

This Access offers the highest level of connectivity with actual seat availability and
immediate confirmation. This allows an airline to keep its availability displays in
Amadeus synchronized with those of its own system. Schedule changes are immediate.

B. Amadeus Access Sell

This access offers a fully secure sale for each seat. When a request for a seat is made,
Amadeus checks the flight in the airlines own inventory system.
C.

Amadeus Direct Access

Offers a real-time link to the airlines own inventory system to display an accurate
availability at the time the request is made. The link is created through the use of any
of the direct access entries to be able to enter the Direct Access Mode.
Entering the Direct Access mode from the neutral availability display:
ACL 4 where AC is the Availability change command; L4 is the line identifier and line
number from the avail display.
Entering the Direct Access mode without the availability display:
15JAD20SEPMNLHKG where 1 is the Direct Access Transaction code; 5J is the Airline
Code; AD is the Availability command; and 20SEP is the Details of the
flight.

D.

Standard Access

Standard access offers flight availability and schedules that are updated once a week
by tape and are updated by standard AIRIMP messages. When a seat is booked, a
teletype message is generated to the airline at end transaction. Upon end transaction,
am HK status may still be rejected by the airline within 12 hours. Beyond this, if seats
remain unchanged, they are assumed to be confirmed.

7.

Amadeus Passenger Name Record (PNR) Mandatory Elements A Passenger Name

Record (PNR) contains the details of a passengers reservation and other information
related to a passengers trip. PNRs can also contain information to assist airline
personnel with passenger handling. The items of information that make up PNR are
called elements. A PNR can contain a maximum of 999 elements. These PNR
elements can either be mandatory or optional.
The mandatory elements are:
Letter
S
M
A
R
T

Definition
Segment
Name
Contact
Received From
Ticketing

Transaction Command
SS
NM
AP
RF
TK

Unique Features of the Amadeus PNR:

1. All elements are numbered consecutively, making modifications easier.
2. All names are displayed individually, even though two passengers may have the
same family name.
3. All names are displayed in alphabetical order by family name, regardless of the
way they were entered during PNR creation.
8. Segment Element can be a flight, hotel car, or cruise element. A PNR can contain 1
up to 99 segments. In a PNR, the segment follows the name, and is numbered
consecutively.
You can enter a flight segment using:

A short sell entry from an availability display

A long sell entry that includes all the flight details

A. Short Sell Entry

When you have an availability display on your screen, you can make a short sell
segment entry from the display.
To sell one Y class seat for CX flight 912, enter:
SS1Y4 where SS is the Segment sell transaction code; 1 the number of seats;
Y is the Class of service; and 4 the Availability line number.

B. Long Sell Entry When you know all the details for a specific flight, you can book
a seat using a long sell entry. A long sell entry does not refer to an availability
display.
To make a long sell, enter:
SSLH745C28DECMNLFRA1 where SS is the Segment sell transaction code;
the LH745 the Airline code and flight number; C is the Class of service;
28DEC the Departure date, DDMMM; MNLFRA is the Origin and Destination
airport codes; and 1 is the number of seats required.
To help differentiate between the levels of participation used when making a
segment sell, Amadeus displays anyone of the following status codes upon
selling:
Status
DK

Explanation
Sold and confirmed via Amadeus Full Access / and Access

LK
SS
NN
DW / LL

Sell
Sold
Sold
Sold
Sold

and confirmed from Direct Access mode

from Standard Access 12 hours waiting time
but status on request
but status on waitlist

C. Waitlist Segment When a class of service in the availability display shows a

status 0 or L, you may waitlist a passenger on a flight.
Entry: SS2F3/PE where SS2F3 is the short sell entry and /PE is the Slash,
followed by the priority waitlist code (airline specific).
D. Arrival Unknown Segment is an information segment you enter in the PNR to
maintain segment continuity. ARNK (arrival not known) is used when a passenger

uses another form of transportation between cities or airports within the

itinerary.
Entry: SIARNK where SI is the transaction code and ARNK is the arrival
unknown indicator.
E. Open Flight Segments When the passenger does not know the exact time or
date of travel, you can enter an open segment in the itinerary. Open segments
maintain segment continuity, and can be used for pricing and ticketing. To create
an open segment, enter:
SOAFC8AUGCDGMNL where SO is the segment open transaction code; AF the
airline code; C is the class of service code; 8AUG the fictitious date, DDMMM;
and CDGMNL is the origin and destination airport/city code.
F. Ghost Segments You use ghost segments to be able to produce a quotation for
an itinerary without actually booking any segments.

Ghost segments may be used with all airlines, including system user
airlines.

Information is never sent to the relevant airline.

Ghost segments cannot be used for ticketing.

When entering a ghost segment, you must include the PNR record locator, when
booked in another system.
SS1Y1/GK/KLC897 or SSAA1197Y28JANMIAIAHGK1/KLC897 wherein SS is the
transaction code; AA1197 the flight number; Y is the class of service; 28JAN the date
of travel; MIAIAH is the origin and destination airport/city code GK status (GK
confirmed ghost segment / GL waitlist ghost segment / GN need ghost segment); 1
the number of seat; and /KLC897 is the record locator outside of Amadeus.
9. Name Element A passenger name consists of the family name, given name, and
title. You can enter up to 9 names in PNR. A name can contain up to 60 characters.
The acceptable titles are:
Title
MR or MS
MSTR or MIST

Explanation
12 years or older
2 up to 11 years

Additional Info
CHD

INF

1 month to 23 months old

INF

A. Single Family Name Element

NM1PEREZ/TIMOTHY MR where NM is the name element transaction code; 1
the number of passenger with the same family name, occupying seats; and
PEREZ/TIMOTHY MR is the passenger family name, given name separated by a
slash, and title.

Here are some of the examples of different possible name element entries:
Entry
NM2REYES /HANS MR/HEIDI MS

Requests
More than one passenger with the same

NM1BRADLEY/MICHAEL MSTR(CHD)
NM1TAN/SUSAN

family name
Child name
Infant associated with an adult with the

MS(INF/LISAMARIE)

same family name

NM1LIM/JANET

*No spaces inside the parentheses

Infant associated to an adult with a

MS(INFVALDEZ/IRENE)
NM1LIM/JANET/ROWENA
MS(IDPTA356)
NM1GOMEZ/ARTHUR

different family name

Adult name with passenger ID code

MSTR(CHD) Child name with passenger ID code

(IDRTT124)
The system automatically:

Numbers that name element.

Places the name in alphabetical order by family name, regardless of how

you entered them.

Creates an OSI element when entering a child or infant name. The OSI
element appears in the PNR for the child, but not for the infant. In both
cases, the OSI is transmitted to the appropriate airlines.

10.Contact Element is used to store contact information of a travel agency and their
passengers in the PNR. With the exception of a transaction code, the contact element
is free-flow text. A PNR can contain up to 127 contact elements, each with a
maximum of 90 characters.
APMNL ABCDTRAVEL 8406589JOHN-A where AP is the contact transaction code;
MNL the city code; ABC TRAVEL is the Agency name; 8406589 the telephone
number; JOHN is the Agent name; and A the dash, followed by the location
indicator (A:Agency, B:Business, H:Home, F:Fax, Hotel:Hotel, E:Email, M:Mobile)
Sample Entries:
Entry
AP MNL 8187867-H/P1
AP MNL FAIRWAYS INC 9954678-B/P1

Description
Home contact
Business
contact

APE-TSMITH@SUNLIFE.COM

association
Email address of the passenger

with

passenger

11.Received From Element identifies the person making or modifying a reservation.

You can enter a maximum of 69 characters. During PNR creation the received from
element is displayed as the second line in the PNR. After you end transaction, the
received from element is moved to the PNR history.
RFMARY where RF is the received from transaction code and MARY is the reference
person.
12.Ticketing Element indicates the type of ticketing arrangement made to provide
tickets to a passenger.
TKTL19MAY where TK is the ticketing element transaction code; TL the ticketing
arrangement indicator; and 19MAY is the Date, DDMMM.
Ticketing arrangement indicators:
Option
Time Limit

Indicator
TL

Indicates
Deadline
ticket

to

Queue placement
purchase Queue 8, category 1

Ticketed

OK

Ticket is issued

No

queue

placement
13.End Transaction When you have entered the five mandatory elements, SMART, you
must end transaction to file the record in the system. Below is a PNR during
creation:
RP/MNL1A0980
RFMARIE
1. SANTIAGO/JUAN MR
2 CX 904 Y 29MAR 1 MNLHKG HK1

1 0700 0855 330 E 0 B

SEE RTSVC
3 AP MNL ABC TRAVEL 8749876 MARIE-A
4 AP MNL 6785643-B
5 TK TL19MAR/MNL1A0980

System Response:
RP/MNL1A0980
RFMARIE
1.SANTIAGO/JUAN MR
2 CX 904 Y 29MAR 1 MNLHKG HK1 1 0700 0855 330 E 0 B
SEE RTSVC
3 AP MNL ABC TRAVEL 8749876 MARIE-A
4 AP MNL 6785643-B
5 TK TL19MAR/MNL1A0980
>ET
END OF TRANSACTION COMPLETE YQDE4R
The system response is END OF TRANSACTION COMPLETE, followed by a unique
6-character Amadeus record locator. You use the record locator to retrieve the PNR
after it has been filed in the system.

14.PNR Retrieval You can retrieve a PNR using the record locator or details of a flight
for a current date or future date. To retrieve a PNR by a record locator, enter:
RTYQEPYT wherein RT is the retrieval transaction code and YQEPYT is the record

FORMS IN RESERVATIONS
WEEK 8

BOOKING ORDER is the working paper of the reservations sections of travel agencies and
tour operators. A document issued by them requesting services for the traveler named in
the document from the supplier. It goes hand-in-hand with the Tour Voucher.
The Booking Order is sent direct to the supplier of services, while the Tour Voucher is
handcarried by the traveler and surrendered to the supplier in exchange of services.
BOOKING ORDER

Reference No. 00001

Suppliers Name: SOFITEL PHILIPPINE PLAZA

Date: AUG20
Phone Number: 922-0001

Suppliers Address: ROXAS, BOULEVARD

Fax Number:

Suppliers
Contact
Person:
Email:YFERRERAS@SOFITEL.COM
Passenger/s Name/s:
Party of:
MENDEZ, FRANCES/MS
JOI TRAVEL &
TOURS

Arrival Date: AUG21

Departure Date: AUG23

MS

YHANA

Please reserve the following rooms for _2____

night/s
___SWB
___TWB/xbed
__/_TWB
___ Quad
___DBL

Arrival By: PR003

Departure By: AA005

Please provide the following meals on

following dates:
ABF - __________ LNC - ______AUG21____
CBF - __________ DNR - _______AUG22___
Applicable Contract Rates: 200$
Form of Payment: VISA CARD
Remarks:FULLY PAID

the

FERRERAS

ETA: 1200
ETD:1200

Please also provide the following:

WINE, AS WELCOME DRINKS.
FRAPPE, CHEESE BURGER, 2PC CHKN
JOY.
Tour Voucher Number:143000-1
Prepared by: REGINE BRAVO-AGENT JOIT&T

TOUR VOUCHER- A document issued by the travel counselor of a travel agency or the
reservations staff of a tour operator specifying services to be provided to the bearer. This is
surrendered to the supplier in exchange for the services stipulated in the Tour voucher.

Reference No.
Passenger/s Name/s:
MENDEZ/FRANCES/MS

TOUR VOUCHER
Order/Voucher No.
Date:
Party of JOI TT

Suppliers Name: JOI TRAVEL & TOURS

Suppliers Address:
333 SUMULONG HI WAY, ANTIPOLO

Adult/s:
____1______
Children: __________
Phone Number:298-3343
Fax Number:
Email:

Please provide captioned client/s with the following services:

SPA
LAUNDRY
IRON CLOTHES
Per Reservations Request of:
WELCOME DRINKS
AWAY FROM SMOKING AREA
NEARBY BAY VIEW

Remarks: OK

As confirmed by:
AGENT REGINE BRAVO

Prepared by:
REGINE BRAVO- AGENT

Approved by:
MARKFERNANDEZ
OPERATIONS MANAGER

Purchase Order - A document issued by a travel agency requesting an IATA accredited

travel agency or an airline / transportation company to issue corresponding tickets in favor
of the passenger/s named in the document.
Reference No.1234
FOR: JOI TT

Date:20AUG

Order No.0001

PASSENGER/S NAME/S:
MENDEZ FRANCES/MS

Party of:
JOI TT

FLIGHT SCHEDULE:
ETA
ETD

PNR: AGENT REGINE007

OPTION: OK

Remarks: NEARBY WINDOW SEAT

VALUE BREAKDOWN:
A. Airfare in US Dollars: ___100________ x __1________ person/s = 100USD
B. Total in PHP: ________4,000_________ x _____1_____ person/s = 4,000.
C. Philippine Travel Tax: PHP 1620
x ___1_______ person/s =
D. Other charges (if any) TERMINAL FEE: 550PHP
TOTAL AMOUNT DUE IN PHP: 6,170.00
Prepared by: RB
Approved By: MARK FERNANDEZ

FARE CALCULATION, AIRLINE TICKETING & DOCUMENTATION

WEEK 9
Fare Calculation the amount to be charged for an air journey. A fare is the amount
charged by a carrier of a passenger and his allowable free baggage, and is the current fare
which a carrier in the publication it normally uses to publish fares holds out to the public
as being applicable to the class of service to be furnished.
Ways to calculate fares in PH:
1. Rate Sheets provided by the respective airlines
2. Passenger Air Tariff a 2-book set which gives the applicable air fares on the various
sectors
3. GDS FQD (Fare Quotation Display)
4. Airlines Rate Desk
Information in the Passenger Air Tariff
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Headline/Sideline Cities
Fare
Fare type: Y, F, J
Carrier code
MPM Maximum Permitted Mileage
Global Indicator global routing direction applicable to the fare
AP via Atlantic and Pacific
AT across Atlantic
CT circle trip fare
DO domestic
EH Eastern Hemisphere
EM via Europe-Middle East
EU via Europe
FE Far East
ME Middle East
PA via Pacific
PO Polar Route
RW round the world
SP via South Pole
WH Western Hemisphere
7. Rule

8. NUC Neutral Units of Construction equivalent to the Local Currency Fare

9. Local Currency
10.Route Reference

Amadeus Fare Quote Display

1. International Fare Display to request a fare display between 2 cities: FQDMNLHKG
2. Pricing
Prices an itinerary and stores the response FXP
Prices an itinerary without storing the response FXX
Airline Ticketing only after the reservations have been processed and confirmed and the
applicable airfares calculated, can the Ticketing Officer issue an air ticket. The issuance of
air ticket is the final step in processing a passengers air travel requirements. It represents
a contract between a passenger and a carrier and represents a passengers payment to the
travel agent.
1. Paper Ticket totally phased out in December 1, 2007
2. Electronic Air Ticket transacted trough ticketing models provided b the CRS, a provider
that record and control most air travel transactions.
Amadeus Electronic Ticketing
Allows the sale of air transportation without issuing printed paper tickets; it also allows
passengers to check in and board flights without holding printed tickets.
To issue a ticket TTP/PT for paper ticket and TTP/ET for electronic ticket
The systems response upon issuing paper ticket: OK PROCESSED and upon issuing
electronic ticket OK ETICKET

Advantages
For customers: stress free ticketing; no last
minute queues
For airlines: saving of money for ticket
printing and processing
For travel agent: will allow them to explore

Disadvantages
Possibility of technology crash
Less portable than paper ticket
Security issues in self check-in kiosks

greater opportunities to manage corporate

travel experience

Documentation - refers to the process of legally securing the necessary travel papers for
prospective passengers. These are documents required for: leaving the country of origin,
transit countries, entry to and exit from the destination country, reenter to the country of
origin.
Citizen or National a person who possesses the nationality of a country
Alien a person living in a country where he or she is not a citizen
Immigrant a person who legally enters a country with the purpose of establishing
permanent residence
Tourist a person who temporarily visits a country for at least 24 hours
Transit Passengers a person passing through a country without leaving the international
transit area
Travel Documents:
A. Essential documents from NSO
B. Passport
C. Visa
D. BI clearances
Responsibilities:
1. Checks the authenticity of all public documents submitted
2. Insures that the documents filed are released on time
3. Determines what visas and other documents are required for travel.
4. Checks all relevant support papers for travel documents application
5. Arranges and coordinates appointments and visits to various consulates and government
offices
Types of Passport
1. Regular Passports (Maroon) - A regular passport is issued to any citizen of the
Philippines applying for a Philippine passport. It is the most common type of
passport issued and is used for all travel by Philippine citizens and non-official travel

by Philippine government officials. Since September 17, 2007, all new Philippine
passports have been issued with maroon covers.
2. Diplomatic (Blue) - A diplomatic passport is issued to members of the Philippine
diplomatic service, members of the Cabinet, service attachs of other government
agencies assigned to Philippine diplomatic posts abroad and Philippine delegates to
international and regional organizations. It is the first of two passports issued to the
President of the Philippines and the Presidential family. This passport has a dark
blue cover and extends to the bearer the privilege of diplomatic immunity.
3. Official (Red) - An official passport is issued to members of the Philippine
government for use on official business, as well as employees of Philippine diplomatic
posts abroad who are not members of the diplomatic service. It is the second of two
passports issued to the President and the Presidential family. As such, this passport
does not extend the privilege of diplomatic immunity. Government officials are
prohibited from using official passports for non-official business, and as such also
have regular passports.
4. Seafarer's Identification and Record Book (Light Blue) - The Seafarer's Identification
and Record Book (SIRB) is issued to Filipinos who work as crewmembers on foreignregistered ships, as well as Philippine-registered ships with a weight over 35 gross
tons. As this is issued by the MARINA and not the DFA, this type is unavailable
outside the Philippines. There are special requirements for this type of passport,
including certification by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) and other
agencies.
Visa Types
By Purpose

Transit visa, for passing through the country to a destination outside that country.
Validity of transit visas are usually limited by short terms such as several hours to
10 days depending on the size of the country and/or the circumstances of a
particular transit itinerary.
o Airside transit visa, required by some countries for passing through their
airports even without going through passport control.

Short-stay visa, for short visits to the host country. Many countries differentiate
between different reasons for these visits, such as:
o

Private visa, for private visits by invitation of residents of the country.

Tourist visa, for a limited period of leisure travel, no business activities

allowed.

Visa for medical reasons, for undertaking diagnostics or a course of treatment

in the host country's hospitals.

Business visa, for engaging in commerce in the country. These visas generally
preclude permanent employment, for which a work visa would be required.

Working holiday visa, for individuals traveling between nations offering a

working holiday program, allowing young people to undertake temporary work
while traveling.

Long-stay visa, valid for longer but still finite stays:

o

Student visa, which allows its holder to study at an institution of higher

learning in the issuing country.

Temporary worker visa, for approved employment in the host country.

These are generally more difficult to obtain but valid for longer periods
of time than a business visa. Examples of these are the United States'
H-1B and L-1 visas. Depending on a particular country, the status of
temporary worker may or may not evolve into the status of permanent
resident or to naturalization.

Journalist visa, which some countries require of people in that

occupation when traveling for their respective news organizations.
Countries which insist on this include Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Saudi
Arabia, the United States (I-visa) and Zimbabwe.

Residence visa, granted to people obtaining long-term residence in the

host country. In some countries, long-term residence is a necessary
step to obtain the status of a permanent resident.

Immigrant visa, granted for those intending to immigrate to the issuing

country (obtain the status of a permanent resident with a prospect of possible
naturalization in the future):
o

Spousal visa or partner visa

Marriage visa

Pensioner visa (also known as retiree visa or retirement visa

Official visa is granted to officials doing job for their governments or otherwise
representing their countries in the host country, such as the personnel of
diplomatic missions.
o

Diplomatic visa

Courtesy visa issued to representatives of foreign governments or

international organizations who do not qualify for diplomatic status

By method of issuance:

On-arrival visa (also known as Visa On Arrival, VOA), granted at a port of

entry.
Electronic visa. The visa is stored in a computer and is electronically tied to
the passport number

Schengen Visa covers most of the European Union, plus several other
adjacent countries. The visa allows a tourist or visitor access to the area
covered by the agreement (known as the Schengen Area or Schengenland,
currently consisting of 26 countries).

Central American Single Visa (Visa nica Centro Americana) was

implemented by the CA-4 agreement between Guatemala, El Salvador,
Honduras, and Nicaragua. It is required for citizens of all other countries,
eliminating the need for separate entry visas for each of the countries.

ASEAN Visa

Some popular countries where Filipinos can enter temporarily without a visa:
ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)

Brunei Darussalam - 14 days

Cambodia - 21 days

Indonesia - 30 days

Laos - 30 days

Malaysia - 30 days (sufficient fund must be at least 500USD)

Singapore - 30 days

Thailand - 30 days

Vietnam - 21 days

Non- ASEAN

Taiwan - 30 days if holding a valid visa for Australia, Canada, Japan, New
Zealand, Schengen countries, United Kingdom or United States.
Georgia 90 days visa issued upon arrival, 360 days visa free to those who
have temporary residence of Qatar, Oman, Bahrain and Kuwait

Hong Kong - 14 days

India - 30 days visa issued upon arrival

Israel - 90 days (3 months)

South Korea (if arriving at Jeju Island only) - 30 days

Macau - 30 days

Maldives - 30 days visa issued upon arrival, extension of maximum 90 days is

possible by paying MVR 750

Mongolia - 21 days

Nepal - 15/30/90 days visa issued upon arrival for around US$25/40/100

Sri Lanka - 30 days visa obtain upon arrival if holding Electronic Travel
Authorization (ETA).

EUROPE

Kosovo - 90 days

OCENIA

Cook Islands - 31 days

Fiji - 120 days Visitor's Permit issued upon arrival and can be extended

Micronesia - 30 days

Palau - 30 days visa issued upon arrival, additional USD 50 for extension

NORTH AMERICA

Costa Rica - 30 days Visitor's Permit issued upon arrival

Dominica - 21 days

Haiti - 90 days

Nicaragua - 90 days visa issued upon arrival

Saint Lucia 6 weeks Visitor's Permit issued upon arrival

SOUTH AMERICA

Bolivia - 90 days

Brazil - 90 days

Colombia - 90 days

Ecuador - 90 days

Peru - 183 days

Suriname - 90 days

AFRICA

Kenya - 90 days visa issued upon arrival for US$50

Madagascar - 90 days visa issued upon arrival for MGA140,000

Morocco - 90 days

Seychelles 1 month Visitors Permit issued upon arrival if holding return

ticket, sufficient funds (minimum USD150 per day of stay, and proof of
accommodation)