CE 6451 Fluid mechanics & Machinery

Important Questions
Part A
1. Write the Bernoullis equation of motion for real fluids.
2. Differentiate between laminar and turbulent flow.
3. Define eddy viscosity
4. What is Dupuits equation?
5. Mention the general characteristics of laminar flow.
6. Define dimensional homogeneity.
7. What is moment of momentum equation?
8. State the limitations of dimensional analysis.
9. mDefine boundary layer thickness
10.Mention the general characteristics of laminar flow.
11.Define Slip of reciprocating pump. When the negative slip does occur?
12.What is an air vessel? What is the purpose of an air vessel fitted in the pump?
13.Define the volumetric efficiency of the turbine.
14.What is mixed flow turbine? Give examples.
15.What are the functions of draft tube? List the most commonly used draft
tubes.
16. What are the advantages of dimensional and model analysis?
17.Define Similitude.
18.Explain the cavitation problem in Centrifugal pumps.
19.Define slip of the reciprocating pump.
20. Define the volumetric efficiency of the turbine.
21.Differentiate between turbines and pumps.
22.What are the functions of draft tube? List the most commonly used draft
tubes.
23. What are the advantages of dimensional and model analysis?
Part B
1. If the velocity distribution of a fluid flow over a flat plate is given by u =
ay2 + by + c with the vertex 0.2m from the plate, where the velocity is
1.2m/s. Calculate the velocity gradients and shear stresses at a distance of
0m, 0.1m and 0.2m from the plate, if the viscosity of the plate is 0.85
Ns/m2.
2. With basic assumptions derive the Bernoullis Equation from the Eulers
Equation.

3. A pipe 200mm long slopes down at 1 in 100 and tapers from 600 mm
diameter at the higher end to 300mm at the lower end and carries
100liters/sec. of oil having specific gravity 0.8. If the pressure gauge at the
higher end reads 60kN/m2, determine the velocities at the two ends and also
the pressure at the lower end. Neglect all losses.
4. Water flow at the rate of 200liters/sec upwards through a tapered vertical
pipe. The diameter at the bottom is 240mm and at the top 200mm and the
length is 5m. The pressure at the bottom is 8 bar, and the pressure at the top
side is 7.3bar. Determine the head loss through the pipe. Express it as a
function of exit velocity head.
5. Derive the expression for shear stress and velocity distribution for the flow
through circular pipe and using that derive the Hagen Poiseuille formula.
6. The velocity distribution in the boundary layer is given by u/U =y/, where
u is the velocity at a distance y from the plate u = U at y = =, being
boundary layer thickness. Find the displacement thickness, momentum
thickness and energy thickness
7. Three pipes of 400 mm, 200 mm and 300 mm diameters have lengths of
400 m, 200 m, and 300 m respectively. They are connected in series to
make a compound pipe. The ends of the compound pipe are connected with
two tanks whose difference of water levels is 16 m. If the coefficient of
friction for these pipes is same and equal to 0.005, determine the discharge
through the compound pipe neglecting first the minor losses and then
include them.
8. A pipe line of 0.6 m diameter is 1.5 km long. To increase the discharge,
another line of the same diameter is introduced parallel to the first in the
second half of the length. Neglecting minor losses, find the increase in
discharge if Darcys friction factor is 0.04. The head at the inlet is 300mm.
9. Using Buckinghams method of dimensional analysis obtain an
expression for the drag force R on a partially submerged body moving with
a relative velocity V in a fluid: the other variables being the linear
dimension L, height of surface roughness K, fluid density and the
gravitational acceleration g.
10.(i)Explain similitude with types of similarities. (ii) Discuss on the
applications of dimensionless parameters.

11.Using Buckinghams theorem, show that the velocity through a circular

orifice is given by

V = 2 gH

D
,
H VH

. Where H=Head causing flow,

D=Diameter of the orifice, =Co-efficient of viscosity, =Mass density &

g=Acceleration due gravity.
12.The centrifugal pump has the following characteristics. Outer diameter of
impeller = 800 mm; width of the impeller vane at outlet = 100 mm. angle of
the impeller vanes at outlet = 40.The impeller runs at 550 rpm and delivers
0.98 m3/s under an effective head of 35 m. A 500 kW motor is used to drive
the pump. Find the manometric, mechanical and overall efficiencies of the
pump. Assume water enters the impeller vanes radially at inlet.
13.Explain the working principle with the main components of a centrifugal
pump.(6) (ii) The internal and external diameters of the impeller of a
centrifugal pump are 300mm and 600mm respectively. The pump is running
at 1000 rpm. The vane angles of the impeller at the inlet and outlet are
20and 30 respectively. The water enters the impeller radially and velocity
of flow is constant. Determine the work done by the impeller per unit
weight of water. Sketch the velocity triangle.(7)
14.Explain the working principle of a Reciprocating pump with a neat sketch.
(6) (ii) A single acting reciprocating pump running at 60 rpm delivers 0.02
m3/s of water. The diameter of the piston is 250 mm and stroke length 450
mm. Determine (1) theoretical discharge of the pump, (2) co efficient of
discharge (3) slip of pump and (4) % slip of the pum
(7)
15. Design a Pelton wheel for a head of 400m, when running at 750 rpm. The
Pelton wheel develops 12,110 kW shaft power. The ratio of jet diameter to
the wheel is 1/6. The overall efficiency, o = 0.86, co efficient of velocity
Cv = 0.985 and speed ratio, = 0.45.
16.A Francis turbine with an overall efficiency of 70% is required to produce
147.5 kW. It is working under a head of 8m, the peripheral velocity =
0.302gH and the radial velocity of flow at inlet is 0.962gH. The wheel
runs at 200 rpm and the hydraulic losses in the turbine are 20% of the
available energy. Assume radial discharge, determine (i) guide blade
angle, (ii) wheel vane angle at inlet, (iii) diameter of the wheel at the inlet
and (iv) width of the wheel at the inlet. Draw the suitable velocity triangle.

17.Draw the inlet and outlet velocity triangles for a Pelton turbine and indicate
the direction of various velocity components. Also obtain an expression for
the work done per second by water on the runner of the Pelton wheel.
18.The hub of a Kaplan turbine working under a head of 12 m, is 0.35 times
the diameter of the runner. The turbine is running at 100 rpm. If the vane
angle of the extreme edge of the runner at outlet is 15 and flow ratio is 0.6,
find the diameter of the runner, the diameter of the boss and the discharge
through the runner. The velocity of the whirl at the outlet is given as zero.
Part C
1. With a neat sketch explain the formation of various boundary layer, when
there is a flow over a flat plate. Also obtain the relations for (i) Displacement
thickness (ii) Momentum thickness (iii) Energy thickness.
2. The ratio of lengths of a submarine and its model is 30:1. The speed of the
prototype is 10 m/s. The model is to be tested in a wind tunnel. Find the
speed of air in the wind tunnel. Also determine the ratio of drag between the
model and prototype. Take values of kinematic viscosities of sea water and
air as 0.012 stokes and 0.016 stokes respectively. The density of sea water
and air is given as 1030 kg/m3 and 1.24 kg/m3 respectively. (N/D - 2015)
Answer: Refer Dr.R.K. Bansal Book page no: 585. Edition: 2012.