CNC PROGRAMMING FOR BEGAINER Part 1

1. 1. CNC Machines What is a CNC Machine? CNC : Computerised Numerical

Control Conventionally, an operator decides and adjusts various machines
parameters like feed , depth of cut etc depending on type of job , and
controls the slide movements by hand. In a CNC Machine functions and slide
movements are controlled by motors using computer programs.
2. 2. Definition of Numerical Control M/C E.I.A : -(Electronic Ind. Association)
defines NC Control as A system in which actions are controlled by direct
insertion of numerical data or at least some portion of this data. In simpler
language NC means control by number. The input information's for controlling
the machine tool motions is provided through punched paper tape or
Magnetic tapes in a coded language. E.I.A -Electronic Ind. Association. ISO
-International standard Organization. ASCII -American standard code for
Information Interchange.
3. 3. CNC :-Computerised Numerical Control Computerised Numerical Control is
a numerical control system that utilizes a dedicated stored programmed.
Computer is used to perform some or all basic function. Numerical control is a
programmable automation in which process is controlled by Numbers,
Letters, and symbols. (Computer +NC= CNC). Some of the typical function of
CNC M/C are:Machine Tool Control. In Process Compensation. Graphics.
Diagnostics. Number of CNC M/C Axis : 2,3,4,-------------------24axis.
4. 4. DNC :- Direct Numerical Control. Direct Numerical Control is a
manufacturing system in which number of M/C are controlled by a computer
through direct connection and in real time. One computer can be used to
control 100 separate machines and it is designed to provide instructions to
each M/C tool on demand.
5. 5. Benefits of DNC 1. NC. Without punched tapes. 2. Greater computation &
Flexibility. 3. Convenient storage of NC Part Programme in computer file.
(General format of Programme as C.L. file.) 4. Data collection function like
shop floor Control etc.(Processing & Reporting of shop performance.) 5. Direct
conversion of data from CAD to NC Programme. 6. Increases Productivity. 7.
Save time. 8. Post Processing.
6. 6. CNC Machines- Advantages/Disadvantages Advantages:
High Repeatability and Precision e.g. Aircraft parts Volume of production is
very high Complex contours/surfaces need to be machined. E.g. Turbines
Flexibility in job change, automatic tool settings, less scrap More safe, higher
productivity, better quality Less paper work, faster prototype production,
reduction in lead times Disadvantages: Costly setup, skilled operators
Computers, programming knowledge required Maintenance is difficult
7. 7. Conditions Suitable for Introducing CNC M/C. Labour cost of the
component--------------- High. Size of batches ----------------------------------- Small.
Repetation of batches-------------------------- Often. Complexity of the
operation Carried out-- High. Number of operation per Component------ Many.

Time lag between operation ------------------ Low. Ratio of cutting time to non
cutting time ---Low. Variety of Components to be produced ---- More. Design
changes------------------------------------ Frequent. Non uniform cutting conditions
-------------- Required. Cost of special tooling involved--------------- High. Skill
required by the operator ---------------- High. Set-up time /Inspection
time----------------- Low. Number of dimensions to be maintained-- Many
Precision involved in the components------ High.
8. 8. MACHINE TYPES 1. Group 1: -M/C Tools with rotating tool i.e. Milling M/C,
Drilling M/C, Boring M/C , Tapping M/C 2. Group 2: -M/C Tool with Rotating
work piece i.e. Lathe. 3. Group 3: -Non Rotating work Piece and non rotating
tool i.e. Shaper, Planer, EDM, Wire cut. 4. Group: -Other than above Z
Categories i.e. NC Drafting.
9. 9. Classification of Controllers 1. Point to Point type (P-Type) A. )Only
Positioning. B.) No Control over Feed speed. C.) Semi Automatic Drilling M/C
Spot Welding M/C etc. 2. Position Control (2PL) 3. 2L/3L Controllers. 4.
Continuous Control (C-Type Controllers) A.) 2CLa.) 2 Axis Controllers. b.)
Simultaneous Control of two Axis + Feed control of one Axis. c.) Can make 2D Fig. Like Circle, Arc Ellipse. B.) 3C a.) 3 Axis Simultaneous b.) Can do
interpolation in 3 Dimensions C.) Can Produce Sphere D.) Most Suitable for
Production Operations
10. 10. Motion and coordinate system for NC machine Z-axis: Always aligned with
the spindle that imparts cutting power. This spindle might rotate the workpiece as in a lathe, it might rotate a tool as in a milling machine. It is
perpendicular to work-holding surface if there is no such spindle. Positive
motion in z axis tends to increase the separation between the work-piece and
the tool X axis: Positioning the moving element, parallel to the work-holding
surface, horizontal (if possible). On machines with rotating work-pieces, it is
radial and parallel to the cross-slide On machines with rotating tools, 1.If the
Z-axis is horizontal, the positive x motion is to the right when looking from
the spindle to the work-piece. 2. If the z axis in vertical, the positive x axis is
to the right when looking from the spindle to the column On machines with
non-rotating workpieces and non-rotating tools, the x axis is parallel to and
directed toward the principal cutting direction Y-axis: be in such a direction as
to complete a right-handed Cartesian coordinate system
11. 11. What , if you have Multi spindle M/C Select principle spindle as Primary
Z axis and other slides/quills are termed as secondary tertiary motion axis.
Axis Rotator Axis A,B,C Principal: Second: Tertiary: X,Y,Z U,V,W P,Q,R Fanuc
used: - U,V,W to designates Incremental Movement in X,Y,Z direction.
X,Y,Z is used to designates Absolutes Motion.
12. 12. Axes convention
13. 13. Axes convention The tool can be moved to any position in a 3 dimensional
cartesian co-ordinate system. The Z axis is along the spindle axis. The X and
Y axes are perpendicular to Z. VMC (Vertical Machining Center)

14. 14. HMC (Horizontal Machining Center)

15. 15. Open Loop Control System A Control system in which the final output
value is not directly measured and checked against the desired value is know
as open loop control system. In open loop control system, there is no
feedback device to measure the actual position of tool slide or work table.
Hence it can not be compared & verified with Positional value given in
command. Closed Loop Control System A control system in which the
displacement of machine slide is balanced signal received from feed back
devices is known as closed loop control system. There are two input signals to
drive a motor. One is command signal due to which the servo motor is driven.
As soon as the displacement takes another signal is generated by the position
sensor known as transducer to know that whether the position has-been
achieved or not. This actual position signal is feed to the comparator device,
which compares it with command signal and produces an electrical signal
proportional to the difference between the two. This signal is feed to the
servo motor through an amplifier to move the machine slide in a direction to
reduce the difference. This loop is followed again and again till the difference
between the two signals (input and feedback) becomes of zero amplitude.
16. 16. Open-loop Control Stepper motor is used, having a predefined amount
of revolution. Current pulses are send from MCU to individual motors.
Movement/rotation depends on number of pulses send. Advantages:
Position is maintained just by keeping track of number of revolutions. Can
produce a movement of 1/1000th of an inch, for a single pulse. Cheap and
less complex. Easy to maintain. Drawback: Assumption: Motor movement
is precise, i.e. motor is moving the exact amount depending on the number of
pulses. No way to correct errors, because no feedback. This control is not
suitable for large machines requiring greater power because of limitation of
stepper motor to generate high torque.
17. 17. Closed-loop Control Direct current (DC) motors are used. Can
generate high levels of torque. Can be reversed. Unlike stepper motors, it
cannot achieve very precise movement. Separate positions sensors are
required. Position information is fed back as a signal to the controller.
Major advantage: because of feed back and servo motors Types of NC
control systems reversible feature, errors can be corrected, by comparing
with target position. Thus formed a closed loop. Higher accuracy than
open loop systems because of feed back. Applications: Larger NC
machines because of higher loads. For greater accuracy, any kind of load.
Expensive and complex.
18. 18. What the Programmer has to do to make Part Programming 1. Study the
relevant component drawing thoroughly. 2. Identify the type of material to be
machined. 3. Determine the specifications & function of M/C to be used. 4.
Decide the dimension and mode: -metric or inch. 5. Decide the coordinate
system: -Absolute or Incremental. 6. Identify the plane of cutting. 7.
Determine the cutting parameters for the job/tool combination. 8. Decide the
feed rate programming: -MM/MIN or M/Rev. 9. Check the tooling required.

10.Establish the sequence of machining operations. 11.Identify whether use

of special features like Subroutines, Mirror, Imaging etc. is required or not.
12.Decide the mode of storing the part program once it is completed.
19. 19. CRT Key Board Operator Paned Console Interface Taper Redder Punch
Tape Central Processing Unit CPU X Axis Servo Amplifier Servo Motor Encoder
Y Axis Servo Amplifier Servo Motor Encoder Z Axis Servo Amplifier Servo
Motor Encoder
20. 20. Detail Drawing Producing Planning Component Size Type of Machining
Required Form in which stock material is supplied Machining type (Machine
Setting) Process Operation schedule and time estimation Work holding and
location Speeds and feeds CNC Machining program Program Proving
Component production Tooling type
21. 21. Coordinates System Incremental Coordinate System Absolute Coordinate
System
22. 22. Absolute and Incremental co-ordinates In the absolute programming, the
end point of a motion is programmed with reference to the program zero
point. In incremental programming, the end point is specified with reference
to the current tool position. Absolute traverse to N1, then to N2 X20.0 Z50.0
X50.0 Z30.0 Absolute traverse to N1, incremental to N2 X20.0 Z50.0 U30.0
W-20.0
23. 23. A X2.000 Y2.000 B X1.000 Y-2.000
24. 24. G90 ABSOLUTE POSITION COMMAND When using a G90 absolute position
command, each dimension or move is referenced from a fixed point, known
as ABSOLUTE ZERO (part zero). Absolute zero is usually set at the corner
edge of a part, or at the center of a square or round part, or an existing bore.
ABSOLUTE ZERO is where the dimensions of a part program are defined from.
Absolute dimensions are referenced from a known point on the part, and can
be any point the operator chooses, such as the upper-left corner, center of a
round part, or an existing bore. G91 INCREMENTAL POSITION COMMAND This
code is modal and changes the way axis motion commands are interpreted.
G91 makes all subsequent commands incremental.
25. 25. What is the value in X and Y for each hole in absolute G90 positioning
when each move is defined from a single fixed part zero point of an X0 Y0
origin point. PT1 = X______ Y______ PT2 = X______ Y______ PT3 = X______
Y______ PT4 = X______ Y______ From PT8 to PT9 = X______ PT5 = X______
Y______ From PT9 to PT10 = X______ PT6 = X______ Y______ PT7 = X______
Y______ From PT10 to PT11 = X______ PT8 = X______ Y______ From PT11 to
PT12 = X______ Y______ Y______ Y______ Y______ From PT12 to PT13 = X______
Y______ From PT13 to PT14 = X______ Y______ What is the value for each hole
in INCREMENTAL G91 positioning when each move is defined from the
previous position and the zero point shifts with the new position.

26. 26. Fixed zero V/S Floting zero Fixed zero: -Origin is always located at some
position on M/C table (usually at south west corner/Lower left-hand) of the
tables & all tool location are defined W.R.T. this zero Floting Zero: Very
common with CNC M/C used now a days. Operator gas lobeity to set zero
point at any convenient position on M/C table The Coordinate system is
knows as work coordinate system (WCS)
27. 27. Part Programme The coded instructions or commands listed in a logical
sequence to have a machine tool perform a specific tasks or a series of tasks
in order to produce a finished product in the minimum amount of time.
Programming Format % N G X,Y,Z U,V,W P,Q,R I,J,K A,B,C R F S T/D M EOB
Programme Number. Sequence Number (Block Identification Number).
Preparatory functions (G00 to G99). This prepares the M/C for next operation.
Primary motion Dimension in the X,Y,Z direction respectively. Secondary
motion Dimension in the X,Y,Z direction respectively. Tertiary motion
Dimension in the X,Y,Z direction respectively. Distance to the are center or
thread leads parallel to X,Y,Z respectively. Angular Dimension around in the
X,Y,Z direction respectively. Parameters. Feedrate. Spindle Speed/Cutting
Speed. Tool number. Miscellaneous function (Machine Codes) End of Block.
28. 28. PART PROGRAMMING FOR CNC The transfer of an engineering blueprint of
a product to a part program can be performed manually using a calculator or
with the assistance of a computer language. A part programmer must have
an extensive knowledge of the machining processes and the capabilities of
the machine tools . In this section, we describe how the part programmers
execute manually the part programs. First, the machining parameters are
determined . Second, the optimal sequence of operations is evaluated . Third,
the tool path is calculated . Fourth, a program is written. Each line of the
program, referred to as a block, contains the required data for transfer from
one point to the next. A typical line for a program is given below. N100 G91 X
-5.0 Y7 .0 F100 S200 T01 M03 (EOB)
29. 29. DEFINITIONS WITHIN THE FORMAT 1. CHARACTER : A single alphanumeric
character value or the "+" and "-" sign. 2. WORD : A series of characters
defining a single function such as a, "X" displacement, an "F" feedrate, or G
and M codes. A letter is the first character of a word for each of the different
commands. There may be a distance and direction defined for a word in a
program. The distance and direction in a word is made up of a value, with a
plus (+) or minus (-) sign. A plus (+) value is recognized if no sign is given in
a word. 3. BLOCK : Series of words defining a single instruction. An instruction
may consist of a single linear motion, a circular motion or canned cycle, plus
additional information such as a feedrate or miscellaneous command (Mcodes). 4. POSITIVE SIGNS : If the value following an address letter command
such as A, B, C, I, J, K, R, U, V, W, X, Y, Z, is positive, the plus sign need not be
programmed in. If it has a minus value it must be programmed in with a
minus (-) sign. 5. LEADING ZERO'S : If the digits proceeding a number are
zero, they need not be programmed in. The control will automatically enter in

the leading zero's. EXAMPLE: G0 for G00 and M1 for M01, Trailing zeros must
be programmed: M30 not M3, G70 not G7.
30. 30. 6. MODAL COMMANDS : Codes that are active for more than the line in
which they are issued are called MODAL commands. Rapid traverse, feedrate
moves, and canned cycles are all examples of modal commands. A NONMODAL command which once called, are effective only in the calling block,
and are then immediately forgotten by the control. 7. PREPARATORY
FUNCTIONS : "G" codes use the information contained on the line to make the
machine tool do specific operations, such as : 1.) Move the tool at rapid
traverse. 2.) Move the tool at a feedrate along a straight line. 3.) Move the
tool along an arc at a feedrate in a clockwise direction. 4.) Move the tool
along an arc at a feedrate in a counterclockwise direction. 5.) Move the tool
through a series of repetitive operations controlled by "fixed cycles" such as,
spot drilling, drilling, boring, and tapping. 8. MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS :
"M" codes are effective or cause an action to occur at the end of the block,
and only one M code is allowed in each block of a program. 9. SEQUENCE
NUMBERS : N1 thru N99999 in a program are only used to locate and identify
a line or block and its relative position within a CNC program. A program can
be with or without SEQUENCE NUMBERS. The only function of SEQUENCE
NUMBERS is to locate a certain block or line within a CNC program.
31. 31. Programming Key Letters O - Program number
(Used for program identification) N - Sequence number (Used for line
identification) G - Preparatory function X - X axis designation Y - Y axis
designation Z - Z axis designation R - Radius designation F Feed rate
designation S - Spindle speed designation H - Tool length offset designation D
- Tool radius offset designation T - Tool Designation M - Miscellaneous function
32. 32. List of G-codes G-code Function G00 Positioning rapid traverse G01 Linear
interpolation (feed) G02 Circular interpolation CW G03 Circular interpolation
CCW G04 Dwell G20 Inch unit G21 Metric unit G28 Automatic zero return G40
Tool nose radius compensation cancel G41 Tool nose radius compensation left
G42 Tool nose radius compensation right G43 Tool length compensation G54
Work co-ordinate system 1 selection G55 Work co-ordinate system 2 selection
G56 Work co-ordinate system 3 selection G57 Work co-ordinate system 4
selection G58 Work co-ordinate system 5 selection G59 Work co-ordinate
system 6 selection
33. 33. G80 G81 G82 G83 G84 G85 G86 G87 G90 G91 G94 G95 G98 G99 Canned
cycle cancel Drilling cycle Drilling cycle with dwell Peck drilling cycle / deep
drill Tapping cycle Boring / Reaming cycle Boring cycle Back boring cycle
Absolute command Incremental command Feed per minute Feed per
revolution Return to initial point in canned cycle Return to R point in canned
cycle
34. 34. List of M codes M codes vary from machine to machine depending on the
functions available on it. They are decided by the manufacturer of the
machine. The M codes listed below are the common ones. M-codes M00 M01

M02 M03 M04 M05 M06 M07 M08 M09 M30 M98 M99 Function Optional
program stop automatic Optional program stop request Program end Spindle
ON clock wise (CW) Spindle ON counter clock wise (CCW) Spindle stop Tool
change Mist coolant ON (coolant 1 ON) Flood coolant ON (coolant 2 ON)
Coolant OFF End of program, Reset to start Sub program call Sub program
end
35. 35. History of CNC The word address format Each line of program == 1 block
Each block is composed of several instructions, or (words) Sequence and
format of words: N3 G2 sequence no X+1.4 Y+1.4 Z+1.4 I1.4 J1.4 K1.4
destination coordinates dist to center of circle preparatory function F3.2 S4
T4 M2 tool feed rate spindle speed miscellaneous function
36. 36. ABSOLUTE PRESET G92 USED TO SHOW CURRENT TOOL POSTION W.R.T.
ZERO AT THE TIME OF STARTING M/C. ONCE THE CUTTER POSITION IS
DEFINED USING G92 M/C WILL DRAW ITS CO-ORDINET SYSTEM ONCE G92 IS
DEFINED THEN THERE IS NO NEED TO DEFINE G90 IT IS MODEL FORMAT G92
X__ Y__ Z__ ZERO OF JOB) (CURRENT TOOL POSITION W.R.T
37. 37. REFERENCE POINT AND RETURN G28 Return To Reference Point, set
optional intermediate point The G28 code is used to return to the machine
zero position on all axes. If an X, Y, Z, or A axis is on the same block and
specifies a location, only those axes will move and return to the machines
zero reference point and the movement to the machines zero reference
point will be through that specified location. Format: -G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0;
38. 38. Setting work co-ordinate system (G54 - G59) G54 Work co-ordinate
system 1 selection G55 Work co-ordinate system 2 selection G56 Work coordinate system 3 selection G57 Work co-ordinate system 4 selection G58
Work co-ordinate system 5 selection G59 Work co-ordinate system 6 selection
G54 X_ Y_ Z_
39. 39. G00 Rapid traverse When the tool being positioned at a point preparatory
to a cutting motion, to save time it is moved along a straight line at Rapid
traverse, at a fixed traverse rate which is pre-programmed into the machine's
control system. Typical rapid traverse rates are 10 to 25 m /min., but can be
as high as 80 m/min. Format N_ G00 X__ Y__Z__
40. 40. G01 Linear interpolation (feed traverse) The tool moves along a straight
line in one or two axis simultaneously at a programmed linear speed, the
feed rate. Format N__ G01 X__ Y__Z__ F__
41. 41. G02/03 Circular interpolation
42. 42. Format N__ G02/03 X__ Y__Z__ I__ J__K__ F__ using the arc center OR N__
G02/03 X__ Y__Z__ R__ F__ using the arc radius G02 moves along a CW arc
G03 moves along a CCW arc Arc center The arc center is specified by
addresses I, J and K. I, J and K are the X, Y and Z co-ordinates of the arc
center with reference to the arc start point. I = X coord. of center - X coord. of

start point J = Y coord. of center - Y coord. of start point K = Z coord. of

center - Z coord. of start point I, J and K must be written with their signs.
43. 43. Arc radius The radius is specified with address R. Block format N__ G02
X__Y__ Z__ R__ F__ N__ G03 X__Y__ Z__ R__ F__
44. 44. DWELL COMMAND G04 Dwell FormatG04X_; or G04F_; or G04P_; X:
Specified time(decimal point is permitted) F: Specified time(decimal point is
permitted) P: Specified time(decimal point is unpermitted) ExplanationG04
command dwell. The execution of the next block is delayed by the specified
time, specify dwell for each rotation in feed per rotation mode. Dwell is use to
stop feed for specified period of time. G04 X15 ,G04 F15, G04 P15000 Here
M/C will Dwell for 15 second. The function Not modal. It can be used in
Boring, Making CAM Profile, at these point dwell is required.
45. 45. G15/G16 Commands of polar coordinate The value can be inputted in the
form of the polar coordinates (radius and angle ) The angle is position when
the first axis of the selected plane is anticlockwise, and negative when it is
clockwise. G16Start the command of polar coordinates (polar coordinates
mode) G15 Cancel the order of polar coordinate.
46. 46. G17/G18/G19 Selection of planes Use the parameters to appoint the
circumrotate axis is X Y or Z ,or the axis that parallel to these axis , specify
the G code to select the plane , to this plane , the circumrotate axis is the
appointed line axis. For example, when the circumrotate axis is the axis that
parallel to the X axis ,G17 should specify the plane of X and Y, and only
circumrotate axis one can be set. When we omit the address of the axis of X Y
and Z , we consider the third axiss address is omitted In the program, which
are not appointed by the order of G17 G18 G19,the plane stay the same.
47. 47. Inch/metric command change; G20, G21 G20/G21; G20 : Inch command
G21 : Metric command G20 and G21 selection is meaningful only for linear
axes and it is meaningless for rotary axes. The input unit for G20 and G21 will
not change just by changing the command unit. In other words, if the
machining program command unit changes to an inch unit at G20 when the
initial inch is OFF, the setting unit of the tool offset amount will remain
metric. Thus, take note to the setting value.
48. 48. Cutter radius compensation (CRC) G40 Tool nose radius compensation
Cancel G41 Tool nose radius compensation Left G42 Tool nose radius
compensation Right Format: G41 X_ Y_D_ G42 X_ Y_D_
49. 49. SUBROUTINE A subprogram is a separate program called up by another
program. The use of subprograms can significantly reduce the amount of
programming on some parts. Subroutines allow the CNC programmer to
define a series of commands which might be repeated several times in a
program and, instead of repeating them many times, they can be called up
when needed. A subroutine call is done with M98 and a Pnnnn. The P code
command identifies the O program number being used when executed with

M98 M99: -An M99 ends a sub-program and returns back to the next line in
the main program after the M98 sub-program call.
50. 50. Tool length compensation (G43) Different tools of different lengths are
used in machining any part. The lengths of the tools are not considered in the
part program. They are entered in the machines memory, and are
considered automatically for each motion in the program depending on the
tool that is being used. The tool lengths in the Z direction are called the Tool
length offsets. Codes Function G43 Make the value of the cutters offset add
to the value of Z coordinates of the program G44 Make the value of the
cutters offset subtract the value of Z coordinates of the Program G49 Cancel
the offset of the length of the cutter Format: G43 Z_ H_ G44 Z_ H_ G49
Z_
51. 51. Canned cycles Canned or fixed cycles are programming aids that simplify
programming. Canned cycles combine many programming operations and
are designed to shorten the program length, minimize mathematical
calculations, and use minimal tool motions. Examples : drilling, peck drilling,
tapping, boring, back spot facing. G81 Drilling cycle G82 Drilling cycle with
dwell (Counter bore cycle) G83 Peck drilling cycle / deep drill G84 Right hand
tapping cycle G85 Boring / Reaming cycle G86 Boring cycle G87 Back boring
cycle G74 Left hand tapping cycle G76 Fine boring cycle G98/G99 plane of
return point When the tool gets to the bottom of the hole, it can return back
to the plane of R point and the initialized plane initialized by G98/G99.
Generally speaking, G99 is used in the first drilling plane while G98 is used in
the last drilling, even though we use G99 to drill, the plane of the initialized
position would keep the same.
52. 52. G81 X_Y_Z_R_F_K_ X_ Y_: Data of hole site Z_: Depth of the bottom of
hole(absolute coordinate R_: Starting point or raising point per
timeabsolute coordinate F_: Feeding rate of cutting K_: Number of
replication (if necessary)
53. 53. G82 X_Y_Z_R_P_F_K_ X_ Y_: Data of hole site Z_: Depth of the bottom of
hole(absolute coordinate R_: Starting point or raising point per time
(absolute coordinate P_: Pause time (unitms) F_: Feeding rate of cutting
K_: Number of replication (if necessary)
54. 54. G83 X_Y_Z_R_Q_F_K_ Z_: Depth of the bottom of hole(absolute
coordinate R_: Starting point or raising point per time (absolute
coordinate Q_: Offset of hole bottom F_: Feeding rate of cutting K_: Number
of replication (if necessary)
55. 55. G84 X_Y_Z_R_P_F_K_operation manual FANUC milling programming X_
Y_: Data of hole site Z_: Depth of the bottom of hole(absolute coordinate
R_: Starting point or raising point per timeabsolute coordinate P_: Pause
time (unitms) F_: Feeding rate of cutting K_: Number of replication (if
necessary)

56. 56. G85 X_Y_Z_R_F_K_ X_ Y_: Depth of the bottom of hole(absolute

coordinate R_: Starting point or raising point per timeabsolute
coordinate F_: Feeding rate of cutting K_: Number of replication (if
necessary)
57. 57. G86 X_Y_Z_R_F_K_ X_ Y_: Data of hole site Z_: Depth of the bottom of
hole(absolute coordinate R_: Starting point or raising point per
timeabsolute coordinate F_: Feeding rate of cutting K_: Number of
replication (if necessary)
58. 58. G87 X_Y_Z_R_Q_P_F_K_ X_ Y: Data of hole site Z_: Depth of the bottom
of hole(absolute coordinate R_: Starting point or raising point per
timeabsolute coordinate Q_: Offset of hole bottom P_: Pause time (unit
ms) F_: Feeding rate of cutting K_: Number of replication (if necessary)
59. 59. G88 Fixed point dring cycle (G88) Format G88 X_Y_Z_R_P_F_K_; X_ Y_:
Data of hole site Z_: Depth of the bottom of hole(absolute coordinate R_:
Starting point or raising point per timeabsolute coordinate P_: Pause time
(unitms) F_: Feeding rate of cutting K_: Number of replication (if necessary)
G88 Pause when feeding to bottom and spindle stops then withdraw quickly
60. 60. G89 Boring cycle(G89) Format G89 X_Y_Z_R_P_F_K_ X_ Y_: Data of hole
site Z_: Depth of the bottom of hole(absolute coordinate R_: Starting point
or raising point per timeabsolute coordinate P_: Pause time (unitms) F_:
Feeding rate of cutting K_: Number of replication (if necessary) G89 Pause
when feeding to bottom and spindle stops then withdraw quickly Example
N005 G80 G90 G0 X0 Y0 M06 T1 change the boring cutter of 20 N010 G55
call workpiece coordinate of G55 N020 M03 S1000 N030 G43 H1 Z50 call
length compensation N040 G89 Z-30 R1 P2000 F200 boring cycle N050 G80
G0 Z50 cancel fixed circle N060 M05 N070 M30
61. 61. G73 Rapid depth drill circle(G73) Format G73 X__Y__Z__R__Q__ F__K__ X_
Y_: Data of hole site Z_: Depth of the bottom of hole(absolute coordinate
R_: Starting point or raising point per timeabsolute coordinate Q_: Depth
of cutting per timeno symbol, increment F_: Feeding rate of cutting K_:
Number of replication (if necessary)
62. 62. G74 X__Y__Z__R__ P__F__K__ X_ Y_: Data of hole site Z_: Depth of the
bottom of hole(absolute coordinate R_: Starting point or raising point per
timeabsolute coordinate P_: Depth of cutting per timeno symbol,
increment F_: Feeding rate of cutting K_: Number of replication (if
necessary)
63. 63. Fine boring cycle (G76) G76 X__Y__Z__R__Q__P__F__K__ Z_: Depth of the
bottom of hole(absolute coordinate R_: Starting point or raising point per
timeabsolute coordinate Q_: Offset of hole bottom P_: Pause time (unit
ms) F_: Feeding rate of cutting K_: Number of replication (if necessary)

64. 64. CIRCULAR POCKET MILLING There are two G codes, G12 and G13 that will
provide for pocket milling of a circular shape. They're different only in which
direction of rotation is used. G12 and G13 are non-modal. G12 Circular Pocket
Milling Clockwise X Position in X axis to center of circular pocket Y Position in
Y axis to center of circular pocket Z Z depth of cut, or it's the increment depth
of cuts when used with G91 I Radius Of First Circle (Or it's the finish radius if K
is not used) K Radius Of Finished Circle (If specified) Q Radius cut increment
step-over of the spiral out (Q is used with K only) L Loop count for repeating
incremental depth of cuts (L is used with G91) D* Cutter Comp. Offset
Number (Enter cutter size in offset display register) F Feed Rate in inches
(mm) per minute This G12 code implies the use of G42 cutter compensation
right G13 Circular Pocket Milling Counterclockwise This G13 code implies the
use of G41 cutter compensation left and will be machining in a
counterclockwise direction, but is otherwise the same as G12. G13 is usually
preffered instead of G12, since G13 will be climb cutting when used with a
standard right handed tool.