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1.Total dissolved solids exceeding 1500 mg /lit may cause stomach disorders and gives
brackish taste of water.
2.Fluoride crossing 1.5 mg /lit causes flourosis leading to diseases like arthritis,
bending of bones, joint pains, tooth decay etc.
3.Aluminum in excess of just 1 mg /lit may cause dementia (mental ability
disorders) even madness.
4.Chromium, Arsenic, lead etc. are toxic and poisonous if present more than 0.10 mg/lit.
5.Nitrates more than 45 mg/lit may cause blue baby disease in infants.
6.Sulphates crossing limit of over 200 mg/lit leads to gastrointestinal disorders.
7.Iron in excess of 0.30 mg/lit is poisonous and sometimes causes blood cancer.
8.Colliform bacterias in more than 10 counts per hundred milliliters may cause
Infectious diseases like diarrhea, colitis, typhoid etc.
Fluoride is frequently encountered in minerals and in geochemical deposits and is
generally released into subsoil water sources by slow natural degradation of fluorine
contained in rocks. Even though extensive studies have been conducted, there seems to be
no effective cure for these diseases. Therefore, it is desirable to drink water having a
fluoride concentration less than 1mg for drinking water. Fluoride crossing 1.5 mg/lit causes
flourosis leading to diseases like arthritis, bending of bones, joint pains, tooth decay etc.
Arsenic, Chromium, lead etc. are toxic and poisonous if present more than 0.10 mg/lit.
Reverse osmosis
Best way of getting pure drinking water is directly consuming properly stored rain water.
Rain water can be collected from the building roof top, whatever may be the type of
roof like thatched to RCC, area even from a small area of 35sqm(375 Sq.ft). The capacity of
water storage tank depends on the area/region of water collection, average annual rain fall
and preference of water for daily usage. Little care should be taken before and after rain
water collection,
There should be no scope for ants, lizard, cockroach etc. to enter into either pipe
line or tank.
Collected water should not be exposed to sun light for any cause and this water can
be stored and used up to 18 months without spoiling the quality of water.
Capacity of tank to be (considered for drinking & cooking only) calculated as per
consumption of water per family with storage capacity of tank required at different places
are shown below.
Note :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Man to man.
City to city.
State to state.
Country to country
The rain water harvesting not only increases the quantity but also improves the
quality saving us from above dangerous diseases.
Over extraction of ground water through bore wells without recharge at coastal area
is creating large scale sea water intrusion into the fresh water aquifer all along the
coast.
In view of achieving rain water harvesting and recharging rapidly with efficiency,
rain water guidance centers can be established at each and every taluk.
THE ROLE OF RAIN CENTRES IN PROMOTING RAINWATER HARVESTING & RECHARGING:
Over exploitation of groundwater sources, not making any sincere attempts by the
residents, industries, farmers etc; to recharge rainwater and the apathetic attitude of urban
residents towards water in general and RWH in particular are some of the reasons for water
scarcity. Rain center is a one-stop information and assistance center on rainwater
harvesting and recharging.
1. Education: Creating awareness regarding the importance of rainwater harvesting, both
for immediate uses and also for sustaining the water table in the long run.
Summary:
1. There is need of compulsion on Rain harvesting & Recharging. Ultimately, for long term
vision plan of rain harvesting and recharging is only the solution for this. By this, Water
security at least for drinking & cooking can be achieved with sustainability of drinking
water at scared regions.
2. For this purpose there is urgent need of Rain water harvesting/recharging guiding
centers with various practical illustrations/models etc; are necessary at severely affected
fluoride/TDS/contaminated/depleted ground water regions/places to educate especially poor
people.
3. Rain centers (Permanent exhibitions to spread water literacy among people) should
also help farmers in methodological recharging of bore wells at different situations/soil
conditions and for efficient water management for their agricultural activities.
4. Standard policy & regulations to be adopted for rain harvesting & recharging in water
scared regions through out India.
6. There should be restriction for rigging bore well at water scared regions.
By
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H.Ramesha, AEE/Faculty,
SIUD, ATI Campus,
Mysore.