North South University

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Semester: Summer 2014
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sakif chowdhury ID#

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EBOLA

HISTORY

Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF)) or simply Ebola is a disease
of humans and other mammalscaused by ebolavirus. Signs and symptoms typically start
between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus, with a fever,sore throat, muscle
pain and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follows, along with decreased
function of the liverand kidneys. Around this time, some people begin
to bleed both internally and externally.[1] Death, if it occurs, is typically six to sixteen days
after symptoms appear and is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss.

The virus is acquired by contact with blood been documented in the natural
environment. Fruit batsare believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus
without being affected. Humans become infected by contact with the bats or a living or dead
animal that has been infected by bats. Once human infection occurs, the disease may spread
between people as well. Male survivors may be able to transmit the disease via semen for or
other body fluids of an infected human or other animal.[1] This may also occur by direct
contact with a recently contaminated item.[1] Spread through the air has not nearly two
months. To diagnose EVD, other diseases with similar symptoms such
as malaria, cholera and other viral hemorrhagic fevers are first excluded. Blood samples are
tested for viralantibodies, viral RNA, or the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.

Outbreak control requires a coordinated series of medical services, along with a certain level
of community engagement. The necessary medical services include rapid detection
and contact tracing, quick access to appropriate laboratory services, proper management of
those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial.[1]
[4]
Prevention includes decreasing the spread of disease from infected animals to humans.
[1]
This may be done by only handling potentially infected bush meat while wearing
properprotective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before consumption.[1] It also includes
wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the

disease.[1] Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled
with special caution.