GENERAL OBJECTIVE:

Student point of view

After the panel discussion,audience will be able to:
-Acquire knowledge on the topic Graphic Aids(chalkboard,graphs)

Teacher student point of view:

To gain confidence in facing the audience.

TIME
1min

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

CONTENT

TEACHING LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
INTRODUCTION:
According to Kinder Graphic aids
are any device which can be used to
make learning experience more
concrete,more realistic and more
dynamic
CHALKBOARD:
Chalkboard are universally used in
education and may never be
replaced.I t is the oldest and the
bestfriend of a teacher,it is a mirror
through which students visualize all
about the teachers mind,his way of
illustrating and teaching as a
whole.It is the cheapest and the
most valuable teaching device and
the most valuable teaching device.

EVALUATION

TIME

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

CONTENT

TEACHING LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
GRAPHS:
One of othercommon used method
in graphic aids is graphs.
It is a diagram showing the relation
between variable
quantities,typically of two
variables,each measured along one
of a pair of axes at right angles,it is
of various types:
-Charts
-grid
-histogram
-bar chart
-pie chart
-scatter diagram.

1min

Announcement of the topic:

So today i am going to announce
my topic,i.e Chalkboard & Graphs.
I am going to discuss the uses,the
guidelines for effective use of
chalkboard,the merits and demerits
of chalkboard,and the various types
of graphs.

EVALUATION

5min

TIME

After the panel discussion

audience will be able to enlist
the uses of chalkboard

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

DEFINITION AND USES OF

CHALKBOARD:
The chalkboard is an excellent
supplement to other aids.The lesson
can be summarized in the right manner
with the help of the chalkboard.The
CONTENT

Student teacher will define

chalkboard by discussion method

TEACHING LEARNING
ACTIVITIES

teacher can illustrate his lessons on

the board and draw attention of the
class to sailent features in the
lesson.Facts ,ideas and processes can
often be illustrated with the help of
drawing,sketches and other visual
symbols.The outstanding feature of
chalkboard is that it allows for
spontaneity in the classroom.New
ideas or solutions to problems can [be
jotted down as they mentioned.If
students are suddenly confused about
something,the point can be illustrate
on the board .

5mins
After the panel discussion
audience will be able to enlist
the guidelines for effective use
of chalkboard.

GUIDELINES FOR THE

EFFECTIVE USE OF
CHALKBOARD:
1)Plan the use of chalkboard and
everything needed for using the
chalkboard should be kept ready
before the class begins,i.e , collection

Define chalkboard

EVALUATION

Discuss the
guidelines for the
effective use of
chalkboard
Student teacher will discuss
guidelines for the effective use of
chalkboard in the whole scenario of
panel discussion.

TIME

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

of chalk,duster,etc.
2)It should be ensured that chalkboard
is well lit by natural or artificial means
3)Clean the chalkboard completely
before starting the class.A clean board
reflects the clarity of teachers mind
and avoids distraction to student.
4)Write on the board according to a
predecided plan.You can divide the
board into two or three parts by
CONTENT

drawing vertical lines.Writing should

be started from top left corner.The
right part is good for writing the
headings so that revision can be hel d
towards the end.Do not over write on
the letters,writing should be in straight
rows,write only on the upper two
thirds of the board because students
often have difficulty in seeing the
bottom of the board.
5)Diagrams and pictures can be
sketched before class,doing so not only
saves time but also permits the teacher
to draw a neater sketch than might be
produced under pressure and eyes of
the students.Coloured chalks makes
the diagrams more intresting and
highlights important points.

TEACHING LEARNING
ACTIVITIES

EVALUATION

TIME

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

6)Do not speak to the chalkboard.Keep

turning back and forth;speak to the
students while writing on the board.
7)Do not crowd the chalkboard with
too much matter.A few important
points make a vivid impression.
8)Hold the chalk between thumb and
fingers.Break off a little piece to avoid
squeaking while writing,use coloured
chalks in order to distinguish some
parts and some components of the
visuals on the board.
9)Occasionally,students may be asked
to write or draw diagrams on the
CONTENT

5min

Audience will be able to

explain the merits and
demerits of chalkboard

chalkboard.
10)It should be ensured that the
blackboard is periodically serviced.

MERITS OF CHALKBOARD
It is simple to use with little
practise
Electricity is not a must for
using the blackboard
It is economic and reusable

TEACHING LEARNING
ACTIVITIES

EVALUATION

TIME

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

It can be put to wide and

varied use
Sequential development of the
content can be done
effectively
Pupils intrest in class work can
be stimulated.
Can be used indoor and
outdoor.
Provides a lot of space for
decorative and creative work
Allows note taking
Teacher can make students to
write on the board
Mistakes can be rubbed off
and correctly instantly.
Charts can be hung on the
board.
CONTENT

It allows for spontaneity

in the classroom.

DEMERITS OF CHALKBOARD
Chalkboard cannot be
used with larger
groups.
Material usually
cannot be saved until

TEACHING LEARNING
ACTIVITIES

EVALUATION

5min

Audience will be able to

explain the various types of
graphs

the next class

Teacher looses eye
contact with students
while turning back
towards the board
Advanced preparation
of the material is not
possible and cannot
illustrate moving
parts.
Poor method for
teacher who has poor
handwriting.

Explained the
various types of
graphs

Student Panalist will discuss the

various types of graphs used in
graphic aids.

GRAPHS AND THIER TYPES

TIME

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

1)PIE GRAPH
It is also called circle diagram ,in this
the data are presented through the
sections or portions of a circle.In
CONTENT

determing the circumference of a

circle we have to take into
consideration o quantity known as
PIE
Method of construction

TEACHING LEARNING
ACTIVITIES

EVALUATION

TIME

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

The surface area of a circle is to

cover 360 degree
The total frequencies is equated to
360 degree and then the angles
corresponding to components parts are
calculated.
After determining their angle ,the
required sectors in the circle are
drawn.
2)BAR GRAPH:
A graphic presentation,which extends
the scale horizontally along the length
of bars,each bars must be of the same
width,height of the bar over a period
represents the corresponding time of
the variable,they are of two
forms:vertical and horizontal.
Types:simple bar,compound
bar,histogram.
3)THE LINE GRAPH(CURVE
GRAPH)
To show the trends and
relationships,e.g single line shows the
relation and the variation in quantity.
Quantitative data are plotted oe when
the data is continous.
CONTENT

The concepts are represented with the

TEACHING LEARNING
ACTIVITIES

EVALUATION

TIME

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

help of lines either drawn horizontally

or vertically and ten the plotted points
are connected to one
another,producing a curve.
PICTORIAL GRAPH
It is an outstanding method of graphic
representation. Pictures are used for
the expression of ideas, they are more
attractive and easily understood. Vivid
pictures will be used to create rapid
association with graphic message, each
visual symbol may be used to indicate
quantity.
HISTOGRAM OR COLUMN
DIAGRAM
It presents an accurate picture of the
relative proportion of the total
frequency from interval to interval.
FREQUENCY POLYGON
A line graph for the graphical
presentation of the frequency
distribution.
OGIVE
To determine quickly and accurately
the statical data like percentile,
median, quartile deviation can be used.
CUMMULATIVE FREQUENCY
CURVE
A line graph drawn by plotting actual
upper limits of the class interval on the
CONTENT

SUMMARY:
So today i summarize my topic that
is chalkboard and graphs. I have
discussed the guidelines, the merits,
the demerits, the uses and the
various types of graphs used in the
effective use of graphic aids.
TEACHING LEARNING

EVALUATION

ACTIVITIES

CONCLUSION:
X-axis and the respective cumulative
frequencies on Y-axis.

Today i conclude my topic that is

chalkboard and graphs which are
the most valuable device for
making the instructions concrete

and understandable, when it is used

properly, it can set standards, neatly
accurately and speedly.

BIBILIOGRAPHY:
1)Learning and teaching nursing,4th
edition,B Sankarnarayana,B
Sindhu,Jaypee,pg=174-175

2)Textbook of nursing education,3rd

edition,K.P Neeraja,Jaypee,pg=219220