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As
We can use as to introduce two events happening at the same time. After as, we can use a
simple or continuous form of the verb. The continous form emphasises an action that interrupts
or occurs during the progress of another action:
As she walked to the door, she thanked them for a lovely dinner.
As they were signing the contract, they noticed that a page was missing.
When
We can use when to introduce a single completed event that takes place in the middle of a
longer activity or event. In these cases, we usually use a continuous verb in the main clause to
describe the background event:
He was walking back to his flat when he heard an explosion.
Depending on the context, when can mean after or at the same time.
Compare
When, while and as can be used to talk about actions or situations that take
place at the same time. There are some differences.
When and while
I was having a bath when the telephone rang. OR When the telephone rangI was having
a bath.
While they were having a nap, somebody broke into the house.
Cathy broke her arm while she was playing in the garden.
When is used to refer to ages and periods of life. As and while are not possible
in this.
While
While is used to say that two longer actions or situations go/went on at the same
time. We can use progressive or simple tenses.
While she was in Australia, she met a rich businessman and fell in love with him.
While in Australia, we saw many kangaroos. (= While we were in Australia, we saw many
kangaroos.)
I hurt my back, while lifting that box. (= I hurt my back, while I was lifting that box.)
While in Rome, do as Romans do. (= While you are in Rome, do as Romans do.)
I learned French, while working in France. (= I learned French, while I was working in
France.)
As
To talk about two short actions or situations that happen/happened at the same
time, we usually use as. When is also possible.
As I opened my eyes, I saw a strange sight. OR When I opened my eyes, I saw a strange
sight.
As can also be used to talk about two situations that develop together. We
normally use simple tenses.