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(DMA)
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Introduction to DMA
We have seen that to move data from :
Input device to memory
Memory to output device
Memory location to memory location
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Principle of DMA
The principle of DMA is to temporarily turn-off the
microprocessor and allow a peripheral device, the DMA
controller, to assume control of the computer bus structure.
The processor can be turned-off by tri-stating all its bus
interface pins. The bus interface connections to the 8085A
microprocessor are in the Hi-z state when the processor is in
the T-hold state.
Once the processor has relinquished control of the system
busses, it is the function of the DMA controller to assume
control of those busses and supervise the direct transfer of data
between an I/O device and memory or between memory
locations.
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Notes on DMA
DMA transfers are carried out only by system hardware; the
DMA controller, the I/O devices and the system memory
devices.
The speed of the DMA transfer is only limited by the speed at
which the hardware devices can operate.
Because the microprocessor is not involved in DMA transfers
there is no software overhead in transferring data.
DMA takes precedence over all other bus activities, including
interrupts. In fact no interrupts - maskable or nonmaskable are
recognised during a DMA transfer.
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