Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
RefrigerationCycle|ArticleaboutRefrigerationCyclebyTheFreeDictionary
Somethingwentwrong!
RefrigerationCycle
Alsofoundin:Wikipedia.
refrigerationcycle [rifrijrshnskl]
(thermodynamics)
Asequenceofthermodynamicprocesseswherebyheatiswithdrawnfromacoldbodyandexpelledtoahot
body.
McGrawHillDictionaryofScientific&TechnicalTerms,6E,Copyright2003byTheMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.
ThefollowingarticleisfromTheGreatSovietEncyclopedia(1979).Itmightbeoutdatedorideologically
biased.
RefrigerationCycle
areversethermodynamiccyclewherebyheatistransferredfromabodywithalowertemperaturetoabodywitha
highertemperatureowingtotheexpenditureofwork.Refrigerationcyclesareusedinrefrigeratingmachinesandin
gasrefrigerators.Themostwidelyusedrefrigerationcyclesarebasedontheevaporationofaliquid,theJoule
Thomsoneffect,ortheexpansionofaworkingfluidinanexpansionvalve.Suchcyclesmakeitpossibletoobtain
temperaturesofaslowasapproximately0.3K.
OneofthemostefficientrefrigerationcyclesisthereverseCarnotcycle,whichisapproximatedbythe
refrigerationcycleofanidealvaporcompressionrefrigeratingmachine,asshowninFigure1.Theidealvapor
compressioncycleconsistsoftwoadiabaticprocesses(12and34)andtwoisothermalprocesses(23and4
1).Inthiscycle,aliquidrefrigerantboilsintheevaporatoroftherefrigeratingmachine(process41)ata
temperatureofT0andapressureofp0owingtotheheatofthemediumtobecooled.Therefrigerantvaporis
drawnintoacompressor,undergoesadiabaticthatis,constantentropycompressiontoapressureofpcanda
temperatureofTc(process12),andentersacondenser,whereitiscondensed(process23)withthepressure
andtemperatureunchanged.Theheatofcondensationisremovedbyaliquidcoolantorbyair.Theliquid
refrigerantobtainedinprocess23returnstotheevaporatorthroughanexpansionvalve,inwhichthepressureand
temperatureareadiabaticallyreduced(process34)totheinitialvaluesofp0andT0.Process34isaccompanied
bypartialevaporationoftherefrigerant.
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Refrigeration+Cycle
1/3
6/3/2016
RefrigerationCycle|ArticleaboutRefrigerationCyclebyTheFreeDictionary
Figure 1.Therefrigerationcycleofanidealvaporcompression
machine:(p)pressure,(i)enthalpy,(T)temperature,(S)entropy
Inarealvaporcompressionrefrigeratingmachine,asopposedtoanidealmachine,therefrigerationcycleentails
thesuperheatingofthevaporduringcompression.Inaddition,athrottlingvalvereplacestheexpansionvalve,so
thattheexpansionoftherefrigerantisisenthalpicratherthanadiabatic.Asaresult,thecoefficientofperformance
isreduced.
Complexrefrigerationcyclesareusedinrealrefrigeratingmachinesinordertoimprovetheefficiency.Cyclesthat
entailregenerativeheattransferareemployedtoobtainmildrefrigerationtemperatureswithsinglestage
compressionoftherefrigerant.Inordertoreachtemperaturesbelow30Cinvaporcompressionrefrigerating
machines,multistage,cascaded,orotherrefrigerationcyclesareordinarilyused.Refrigerationmayalsobe
obtainedbymeansofrefrigerationcyclesinwhichnophasetransitionsthatis,noevaporationandcondensation
oftherefrigerantoccur.
Therefrigerationcycleusedindenseairrefrigeratingmachinesconsistsoftwoadiabaticandtwoisobaric
processes.Inthedenseaircycle,therefrigerant(air)isdrawnbyacompressorfromthespacetobecooled.The
airisadiabaticallycompressed,passesthroughacooler,andisadiabaticallyexpandedinanexpansionengine.At
atemperatureof70Corlower,theairentersthespacetobecooled,andthecycleisrepeated.
AmoreefficientcycleisthereverseStirlingcycle,whichconsistsoftwoisothermalandtwoisochoricprocesses.
ThiscycleisusedinthePhilipsgasrefrigeratorsandmakesitpossibletoobtaincryogenictemperatures.
REFERENCE
Spravochnikpofizikotekhnicheskimosnovamkriogeniki,2nded.Moscow,1973.
V.A.GOGOLIN
TheGreatSovietEncyclopedia,3rdEdition(19701979).2010TheGaleGroup,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
Refrigerationcycle
Asequenceofthermodynamicprocesseswherebyheatiswithdrawnfromacoldbodyandexpelledtoahotbody.
Theoreticalthermodynamiccyclesconsistofnondissipativeandfrictionlessprocesses.Forthisreason,a
thermodynamiccyclecanbeoperatedintheforwarddirectiontoproducemechanicalpowerfromheatenergy,orit
canbeoperatedinthereversedirectiontoproduceheatenergyfrommechanicalpower.Thereversedcycleis
usedprimarilyforthecoolingeffectthatitproducesduringaportionofthecycleandsoiscalledarefrigeration
cycle.Itmayalsobeusedfortheheatingeffect,asinthecomfortwarmingofspaceduringthecoldseasonofthe
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Refrigeration+Cycle
2/3
6/3/2016
RefrigerationCycle|ArticleaboutRefrigerationCyclebyTheFreeDictionary
refrigerationcycle
Arepetitivesequenceofthermodynamicprocessesinwhicharefrigerantabsorbsheatfromacontrolled
spaceatrelativelylowtemperaturethentheheatisrejectedelsewhereatahighertemperature,andthe
processisrepeated.
McGrawHillDictionaryofArchitectureandConstruction.Copyright2003byMcGrawHillCompanies,Inc.
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Refrigeration+Cycle
3/3