Section 0.

3
Wastewater Treatment Process

Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering

Physicochemical Technology

1. Sources of wastewater

Urban wastewater

Industrial wastewater

Livestock breeding
wastewater

Initial rainwater

Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering

Physicochemical Technology

1. Sources of wastewater
Standards
Discharge standard of pollutant for municipal wastewater treatment plant (GB 18918-2002)
Standards for the reuse of urban recycling water:
The reuse of urban recycling water--Classified standard
(GB/T 18919-2002)
Water quality standard for urban miscellaneous water consumption (GB/T 18920-2002)
Water quality standard for scenic environment use
(GB/T 18921-2002)
Water quality standard for groundwater recharge
(GB/T 19772-2005)
Water quality standard for industrial use
(GB/T 19923-2005)
Water quality of farmland irrigation water
(GB 20922-2007)

Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering

Physicochemical Technology

1. Sources of wastewater

COD
BOD5
SS
TN
TP

300~500 mg/L
180~250 mg/L
200~250 mg/L
30~60 mg/L
5~8 mg/L

Municipal wastewater

COD
BOD5
SS
TN
NH4+-N
TP

<50 mg/L
<10 mg/L
<10 mg/L
<15 mg/L
<5 mg/L
<0.5 mg/L

Plants effluent
Class I-A of discharge standard

Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering

Physicochemical Technology

2. Levels of wastewater treatment

Preliminary treatment
Treatment of industrial wastewater before discharge into sewer pipes
Primary treatment
Physical methods - remove suspended solids
Treatment units: Screens, grit chamber and sedimentation
Secondary treatment
Biological methods - remove colloids, dissolved organics, N and P
Tertiary or advanced treatment
Tertiary treatment - for secondary effluent to reach emission standard
Advanced treatment - for secondary effluent to reach reuse standard

Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering

Physicochemical Technology

3. Municipal wastewater treatment process

SS removal rate
50~70%
75~95%
BOD removal rate 75~95%
20~40%
Primary treatment
Secondary treatment

Wastewater

Screen

Grit
chamber

Primary
sedimentation

Biological
treatment

Secondary
sedimentation

Effluent

Disinfectant
Activated sludge recirculation

Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering

Physicochemical Technology

Sludge treatment

3. Municipal wastewater treatment process

Gaobeidian wastewater treatment plant

Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering

Physicochemical Technology

Inorganic particles

Pump
station

Aerated grit
chamber

Suspended solids

Primary
sedimentation
tank

Organics, N and P

Biological
process

Secondary
sedimentation
tank

Chlorination

Cl2

Screen

Tonghui River

Sludge dewatering
Sand cleaning

Sludge
thickener

Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering

Physicochemical Technology

Sludge
digestion tank

Gaobeidian WWTP process

4. Industrial wastewater treatment process

4.1 Industrial wastewater treatment methods
Industrial wastewater treated separately
Industrial wastewater treated together with municipal wastewater
Industrial wastewater
Sewer pipes
Municipal WWTP
Natural water

Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering

Physicochemical Technology

Pretreatment

Primary
treatment

Secondary
treatment

Tertiary
treatment

4. Industrial wastewater treatment process

4.2 Typical treatment process for industrial wastewater
Regulating
reservoir

Petrochemical
wastewater

Grit
chamber

Inorganic particles and grease

Oil
separation

1st air
floating

Emission and reuse

Petrochemical wastewater treatment process

Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering

Physicochemical Technology

Secondary treatment

Primary treatment

2nd air
floating

Clean water
reservoir

Aeration
tank

Activated
carbon
absorption

Most organics
Secondary

sedimentation

Sand
filtration

Tertiary treatment

Residual particles and soluble substances

4. Industrial wastewater treatment process

4.2 Typical treatment process for industrial wastewater

Wastewater

Regulating
reservoir
(sediment)

Screens

Screen
mesh

Primary treatment

Fibrous matter and precipitable suspended solids

Bio-contact
oxidation

Secondary treatment

Most organics

Textile wastewater treatment process

Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering

Physicochemical Technology

Coagulation

Air floating

Tertiary treatment

Refractory organics

Effluent

5. Hot research topics

Treatment of industrial wastewater with refractory organics
Reclamation and reuse of wastewater
Reduction of energy consumption of wastewater treatment process
Treatment and disposal of excess sludge

Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering

Physicochemical Technology