Section 0.

2
Water Treatment Process

Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering

Physicochemical Technology

1. Properties of natural water

Surface water
Ground water

Pics obtained from Internet

Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering

Physicochemical Technology

1. Properties of natural water

Impurity: grit, bacteria, humics, salts, etc.

Unacceptable for domestic or industrial use
Treatment
River water
(sample)

Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering

Physicochemical Technology

Meet water quality standards

2. Water quality standards in China

Drinking water
Standards for drinking water quality (GB 5749-2006): 106 items
Industrial water
Classified according to different use:
Industrial process, boiler, washing, cooling, etc.
Water quality requirements differ in industries:
Code for design of industrial recirculating cooling water treatment (GB 50050-2007)
Water quality for industrial boilers (GB 1576-2001)

Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering

Physicochemical Technology

3. Drinking water treatment process

Uncontaminated surface water as the source:

Disinfectant

Coagulant
Influent

Coagulation

Sedimentation
Clarification

Filtration

Disinfection

Water
supply
network

residual particles intercepted

To remove suspended solids, colloids and pathogenic microorganisms to meet the

turbidity and microbial quality standards.
Total coliforms, heat-resistant coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli should not be
detected in 100 mL water sample.
The total bacteria < 100 CFU/mL
Turbidity < 1 NTU

Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering

Physicochemical Technology

3. Drinking water treatment process

Uncontaminated surface water as the source:

Beijing No. 9 waterworks

Influent

Clarification

Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering

Physicochemical Technology

Filtration

Disinfection

Water supply
network

3. Drinking water treatment process

Uncontaminated ground water (without specific pollutants) as the source:
The main objective: pathogenic microorganisms
Chlorine
Well water

Clean-water tank

To meet the water standards of microbial quality.

Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering

Physicochemical Technology

Water supply
network

3. Drinking water treatment process

Biological
pretreatment

Pretreatment

Treatment process for micro-polluted source water

Powdered
activated
carbon
(PAC)
Oxidant
Coagulant

Source
water

Polluted source water (organics, ammonia, etc.)

Conventional treatment

Coagulation

Additional pretreatment
Enhanced conventional treatment

Sedimentation

Advanced
treatment

Disinfectant
Clean-water
Filtration
tank
Activated
carbon

Advanced treatment

Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering

Physicochemical Technology

Ozone

Water
supply
network
Disinfector

3. Drinking water treatment process

Treatment processes for specific source water:

For high turbidity water:

Pre-sedimentation

For ground water with iron and manganese:

Remove iron and manganese

For ground water with high hardness:

Softening

For water from eutrophication lakes:

Enhanced removal of algae

Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering

Physicochemical Technology

4. Industrial water treatment process

Softening & desalination
Filtration
permeate

Cation
exchange

Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering

Physicochemical Technology

Anion
exchange

Desalinated
water

5. Hot research topics

Removal of trace organics

Effective control of pathogenic microorganisms
Control of disinfection by-products
Improvement of biological stability

Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering

Physicochemical Technology