Submitted By: Angie G.

Mandeoya BSN-2

Communication
Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place to another.
The different categories of communication include:

Spoken or Verbal Communication: face-to-face, telephone, radio or television and other media.

Non-Verbal Communication: body language, gestures, how we dress or act - even our scent.

Written Communication: letters, e-mails, books, magazines, the Internet or via other media.

Visualizations: graphs and charts, maps, logos and other visualizations can communicate
messages.

Communication has been defined by many theorists:

(1) According to W.H.Newman, Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by
two or more persons.
(2)Allen Louis says "Communication is the sum of all the things one person does when he wants to create
an understanding in the mind of another it involves a systematic and continuous process.
(3) To quote Norman B. Sigband, Communication is the transmission and reception of ideas, feelings
and attitudes both verbally and non-verbally.
(4) Dalton McFarland says, Communication may be broadly defined as the process of meaningful
interaction among human beings.
(5) George Vardman in his book `Effective communication of ideas' defines effective communication as
"Purposive interchange, resulting in workable understanding and agreement between the sender and the
receiver of the message"

What is Speech Communication?

(from Latin "communis", meaning to share) is defined as a process by which we assign and
convey meaning in an attempt to create shared understanding. This process requires a vast repertoire of
skills in intrapersonal and interpersonal processing, listening, observing, speaking, questioning, analysing,
and evaluating. Use of these processes is developmental and transfers to all areas of life: home, school,
community, work, and beyond. It is through communication that collaboration and cooperation occur.

Process of Communication
The progression of transmission and interchange of ideas, facts, feelings or actions is known as
Process of Communication. Process of Communication is a full cycle of events

from sender to the receiver and back to the sender. Communication is a two way process:
(1) Sender: The process of communication starts with a sender, the person who has an idea and wants
to convey it to the receiver. In other words, we can say that the person with ideas to share is
called sender. The formation of idea is the first step of communication. So, Communication
process begins with the sender. The Sender is known as Tx.
(2) Encoding: The conversion of the idea in to message by verbal or nonverbal method is called
encoding. While encoding a message, one needs to consider what will be interpretation of the
message. This process of converting the thought of the sender into message is encoding.
(3) Message: It is an important part of communication. Message is the content that sender wants to
convey. A message could be verbal or non-verbal. The thought, idea, emotion or anything that the
sender wants to convey is called message.
(4) Channel: The way or the medium of sending the message is called channel. Medium or channel
can be oral, written or it can be non-verbal.
(5) Receiver: The receiver is the person who receives encoded message. In the best way, if it reaches
to the receiver then there is no problem to the receiver to understand the massage properly. The
Receiver is known as Rx.
(6) Decoding: It is a process where the received message is being understood. It is not necessary that
the message reached to receiver will be understood by the receiver but decoding is a process
which converts the message in to understanding. There are chances of misinterpretation of the
massage.
(7) Feedback: This is the last part of communication process. After receiving the message, the
receiver reacts or responds to the sender. The response can be based on the perfect understanding
of the message or it can be based on the misunderstanding or misinterpretation of the message.
This reply from receiver to sender is called feedback. Feedback has its own importance as the
success or failure of communication is decided by feedback only.

Communication Cycle
The communication cycle is a way in which groups can measure the effectiveness of interaction and
messaging. The best cycles are those that tap into the most effective engagement resources and promote
rapid and in-depth visibility of correspondence. The speed with which documents and ideas pass through
the entire communication cycle measures the effectiveness of these systems.
The point of a communication cycle is to generate rapid and accurate interaction between parties that
must maintain access to others at a high priority frequency. These cycles exist in private social groups and
business teams alike.
Communication cycles include resources such as email chains, social media outlets and VoIP message
outlets. The more appropriate and acceptable these are to individuals in the business environment, the
faster the response time is and the more quickly the initial sender gets a response.

Message Factors in Speech Communication

Organization
In general a presentation should be well organized because people desire a clear framework hang on to. At
the very least, a speech should have a clear beginning, middle, and end, and the speaker should signal
those parts in some way. For more on organization, read Chapters 8, 9, and 10 of your class textbook.

Delivery
For a discussion of delivery, read Chapter 12 of your textbook. In general, although there are many
different styles, good delivery does not call attention to itself. The best style of delivery is no style at all-in the sense that it does not detract from the message.
The foremost rule is to not read from a manuscript. It's boring. Although inexperienced speakers feel they
need the manuscript as a crutch, it is more of a strait-jacket than a crutch. Instead, use a key word/idea
outline, and know your subject well enough to talk about it without notes. Remember, the first rule of
communication is to get and keep your audience's attention. If you are reading a stumbling monotone with
no eye contact or dynamics, you can only send your audience off into the realm of daydreams.
Vocal Dynamics
Good speeches have a rhythm and flow. A flat monotonic voice is fine if you're a hypnotist putting
someone to sleep. However, your job is to keep your audience awake. Key words need to be accented
(emphasized) as in a piece of music. Speeches need to get louder, get quieter, speed up, slow down, have
low pitch, have high pitch. A speech should be like a musical composition. To understand what I mean,
listen to M. L. King's "I Have A Dream" speech for the music of speech only. Forget the meaning of the
words, just listen to the dynamics, the way the speech builds and comes to a climax.
Nonverbal Communication
Nervousness is a big problem for novice speakers. Thus, we get all kinds of distracting mannerisms:
dancing, fidgeting, scratching, and jerking. Each person must identify his/her particular quirk and
eliminate it. This can be done by watching a video of oneself lf so that he/she becomes aware of the
distracting mannerism. After that, the speaker must do my "ah" exercise to eliminate the mannerism.
Deciding when and if to gesture is another problem confronting the novice speaker. The rule is to be
natural. Let gestures come if they come, but do not intentionally attempt to gesture if doing so short
circuits your thinking about the message. Natural gestures are desirable, unnatural ones, a distraction.
Eye contact is an important way to maintain credibility and to engage your audience. Look at various
people in the audience. Don't look over their heads. We know when people are really not looking at us.
Don't look at the teacher exclusively. Gain eye contact with every single person in the audience if
possible.

Resources:

http://www.skillsyouneed.com/general/what-is-communication.html
http://chintanmahida.weebly.com/uploads/9/5/8/2/9582002/unit-1_to_unit-_4.pdf
http://www.slideshare.net/yzackython/speech-communication-14918203
https://www.reference.com/world-view/communication-cycle-1e2c092b3e9ab189#
https://www.reference.com/world-view/seven-elements-speech-communication-process44ac754211532bd1#
http://pegasus.cc.ucf.edu/~rbrokaw/message_factors.html
http://coskills.blogspot.com/2009/06/communication-process-or-cycle.html