Latex short Reference for physic students

Rene Vollmer

Latest Update: 18.08.2015

General
The header looks like this:
\input{header.tex}
\title{*}
\author{*}
\begin{document}
\maketitle

Download the header.tex from here and keep it in the same directory (or better take the one delivered
with this pdf).

mathtools}

amsmath}
Contained in header.tex : \usepackage
amsf onts}

amssymb}
And {hyperref} and [utf8]{inputenc} were added manually as used packages in the header.tex.

General Symbols

1.1

Search

dfcd Latex Search : Search for Symbol names and description, e.g. Integral
detexify : Draw a symbol and get the latex-code (Available as Android-App as well)
shapecatcher : Draw a symbol and get the unicode-code/-symbol

1.2

Table

Command
\textbackslash
\textasciitilde
\abs{a}

Example
\

|a|

Comment
backslash, use \backslash in Math mode
tilde at top
the absolute value symbol

\overbrace{abc}\text {d}
\underbrace{abc}\text {d}
$ \begin{cases} a \\b \end{cases} $
\infty
\forall
\nexists \exists
\Box
\hbar
\int{b} {a} c
\iiint or \idotsint
\oint{b} {a} c
\prod{b} {a} c
\sum{b} {a} c
{n \choose k}
\frac{a}{b} or {a \over{b}}
\sqrt{a} or \sqrt[b]{a}

z}|{
abc
abc
|{z}

(d
a
b

@

~
Rb
RRR a Rc R
or
Hb
c
Qab
c
Pab
a
c
n
k

a
or ab

b
a or b a

curly bracket above

curly bracket below
piecewise function
Infinity
For all
Not / Exists
QED
Reduced Planck constant
Integral
Integral
Circle-Integral
Product
Sum
n over k
Fraction / a over b / a divided by b
Sqrt a / b. root of a

Variable Types

Command
\mathcal{A}
\mathbb{A}
\vec{a}
\ {a}
\ {a}
\bar {a}
a \dagger
a \circ
\v{a}
\emptyset

Example
A
A
~a
a

a
a
a

Comment
caligraphic
set symbol
Vector
Roof
tilde on variable
complex conjugated / line on variable
adjoint / dagger
circ
bold vectors
Empty set

Redefined

\vaccent

Redefined

Derivatives

Command
\d{a}{b}
\dd{a}{b}
\partial
\pd{a}{b}
\pdd{a}{b}
\pdc{a}{b}{c}
\nabla
\grad{a}
\div{a}
\curl{a}
\dot {a}
\ddot {a}

Example
da
db
d2 a
db2

a
b
2a
b2

a
b c

a
a
a
a
a

Comment
a derived by b
second derivatives
delta derivative
partial derivatives
double partial derivatives
thermodynamics partial derivatives
nabla
gradient
divegence
curl Operator
dot on variable / first time derivatives
two dots on variable / second time derivatives

Redefined
\underdot

\divsymb

Relations

Command
\={text}
\equiv
\neq
\doteq
\cong
\approx
\sim
\propto
\leq
\geq
\ll
\gg
\in
\ni
\mapsto
\Leftrightarrow
\Rightarrow \Lightarrow
\rightharpoondown \leftharpoondown
\leftrightarrow
\rightarrow \lightarrow

Example
text

6
=
.
=




3
7

+)

Comment
Text above equal signs
Equivalent
not equals
dot equals
approximate-equals
approximate
tilde (very approximate)
proportional to
smaller equals
greater equals
much smaller
much greater
In
In backwards
Maps to
if and only
if
Weak convergence

Redefined
\baraccent
\underdot

Quantum Physics

Command
\otimes
\oplus
\avg{a}
\bra{a}
\ket{a}
\braket{a}{b}
\matrixel{a}{b}{c}
\hat{O}
\uparrow \downarrow

Comment
tensor product
tensor addition
scalarproduct / expected value
Bra
Ket
Braket
Braket with Operator (Dirac matrix elements)
Operator
Spin up/down

Redefined

Abstract Math

Command
\otimes \odot
\oplus \minus
\circ
\wedge
\time \cdot
\pm \mp
\cup \cap
\subset \supset
\subseteq \supseteq

Example

hai
ha|
|ai
ha| bi
ha| b |ci

Example


Comment
outer / tensor product
outer / tensor addition
Verkn
upfung
Wedge-Product
Multiply- / Cross-Product
Plus-Minus/Minus-Plus

Redefined

Sub- / Supset
Sub- / Supset / Equals

Multicolums

What?
Multiple colums next to each other.

How to use
\begin{multicols}{2}
Long text
\end{multicols}

Example
This is a helload of text:
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed condimentum ligula purus, vel pulvinar
mauris tempor vitae. Fusce consectetur tempor mi
a scelerisque. Donec ac pulvinar leo. Suspendisse
ultrices molestie lectus sit amet mattis. Etiam nec
euismod mi. Donec vestibulum purus vitae vulpu-

tate consectetur. Etiam mattis nec lacus nec ultrices. Aenean vitae varius sem. Nam elementum tincidunt felis quis hendrerit. Vestibulum orci ipsum,
pharetra in elementum quis, varius vitae risus. Cras
pharetra neque nisl, eu commodo arcu auctor non.
Cras tincidunt arcu malesuada mi mattis, at gravida
leo aliquet.

Enumerate

What?
E.g. for parts of physics exercises.

Usage

use itemize instead of enumerate for bullets instead of numbers.

\begin{enumerate}
\item First Item
\item Second Item
\Third Item
\item[123a] Custom numeration
\end{enumerate}

(a) First Item

(b) Second Item
(c) Third Item
123a Custom numeration

Table

What?
Tables...

How to use
\begin{tabular}{ | r | c | l || l | } \hline
\multicolumn{4}{ | c | } {\textbf {Table}} \\
\hline \hline
\textbf{a} & \textbf{b} & \textbf{c} & d \\\hline
longA & longB & longC & longD \\\hline
\end{tabular}
Table
a
a
longA

10

b
b
longB

c
c
longC

d
d
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetur adipiscing elit.

Links

Use \usepackage{hyperref}

Usage
\href{http://aypac.de}{My Website}
\url{http://aypac.de}
\href{mailto:my address@example.com}{Send a mail}

Example
My Website
http://aypac.de

e
e
longE

Send a mail
More...

11

Explizit Matrix / Vector

Usage
$ A = \begin{matrix}
a & b & c \\
d & e & f \\
g&h&i
\end{matrix} $

a b c
A=d e f
g h i


More types

a
pmatrix:
d

a
bmatrix:
d

Example

b
e
b
e


c
f

c
f


a b c
Bmatrix:
d e f


a b c 


vmatrix: 
d e f


a b c


Vmatrix:
d e f

Big Matrix with dots

$ A {m,n} = \begin{pmatrix} a {1,1} & a {1,2} &
\cdots & a {1,n}
\vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots
a {m,1} & a {m,2} & \cdots & a {m,n}
\endpmatrix $

Am,n

a1,1
..
= .

am,1 am,2

Vector
$ \{e} 1 = \vec{e 1} = \begin{pmatrix}
1 \\0 \\0
\end{pmatrix} $

a1,2
..
.

e1 = e~1 = 0
0

..
.

a1,n
..
.
am,n