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TABLE OF CONTENTS:
1. Abstract ...........................................................................................02
2. Introduction......................................................................................02
3. Electro dialysis stack construction........................................................03
4. Application of electro dialysis ....04
5. Process Conditions of an Electro dialysis Process..05
6 .Conclusion .......................................................................................05
7 References.........................................................................................06
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1) Abstract
This report is about removal of dissolved salts by dialysis method and
understanding the needs.
2) Introduction
Dialysis method is one of the waste water treatment process for removal
of dissolved salts. Dialysis method is done by Electro dialysis method where
water is deionized to recover the salt.
In Electro dialysis salt is transported salt from one solution, the dilute, to
another solution (concentrate) by applying an electric current. This is done in
an electro dialysis cell providing all necessary elements for this process. The
concentrate and dilute are separated by the membranes, as shown in the figure
below.
(blue
compartment set) move toward the cathode passing the cation exchange
membrane facing this side and anions move towards the anode passing the
anion exchange membrane. A further transport of these ions, now being in a
chamber of the concentrate (red compartments), is stopped by the respective
next membrane:
2: Electrode
3: Electrode chamber
4: spacer-sealing PVC
11: AAM
5: Spacer fabric
6: Screws
7: Steel frame
The cells differ in the size of used membranes, the shape and thickness: An ED
64 has a square basis of 11 x 11 cm with an active membrane window of 8 x 8
cm (the rest covered by sealing (4) and inlet/outlet areas).
4) Application of electro dialysis
Electro dialysis makes it possible to transport ionic compounds from one
solution to another. Therefore, its application covers the transfer of salts and
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acids from one solution to another. One common example is sea water
desalination.
Not only salt solutions can be desalted and concentrated, but also acids.
One important feature of electro dialysis is the capability to desalinate noncharged solutions, e.g. sugar solutions. As non-charged molecules are not
transported, salt can be selectively removed. One example is removal of NaI
from a reactant solution or the desalination of polyalcohol-water mixtures.
Finally, membrane properties determine the process results: Beside the
perm selectivity (current efficiency), mainly water transfer (EOP, electroosmotic
cotranfer) and ionic selectivities (preference of e.g. monovalent ions against
divalent ions) determine the results. Using those effects, also lime containing
water can be concentrated without relevant scaling problems.
6) Conclusion
Using Electro dialysis not only salt solutions can be desalted and
concentrated, but also acids. One important feature of electro dialysis is the
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capability to desalinate non-charged solutions, e.g. sugar solutions. As noncharged molecules are not transported, salt can be selectively removed.
7) REFERENCE
1. Paulson, G. L., & Nadler, A. C. (1972). Air Pollution. In Ecology and
Economics: Controlling Pollution in the 70s, Goldman, M. I. (Ed.) (pp. 73101). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, p. 85. Retrieved November 22,
2008 from Questia.com
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