CALIBRATION OF SINGLE PHASE ENERGY METER

AIM: - To calibrate the given single phase energy meter by phantom loading
APPARATUS:SNO APPARATUS
1
Energy meter
2
3
4
5
6

Precision
ammeter
Precision
voltmeter
Stop Watch
Multimeter
Variac

TYPE
Induction
Type
M.I

RANGE
10A,240V
1200 rev/kwh
0-10A

QUANTITY
1 NO

M.I

0-300V

1 NO

Digital
Digital
Iron core

------------15A,230/0-270V
single phase

1 NO
1 NO
1 NO

1 NO

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-

THEORY:The calibration of energy meter means verification of accuracy of its readings

by comparing it with the calculated value obtained from the readings of standard
instruments connected in the same circuit.

By calibration percentage error and percentage correction for different readings over
its entire range are found and graphs of:
1) percentage error and
2) Percentage to the base of current (loading) are to be plotted.
Percentage error = (energy meter reading-true energy)*100/true energy
PHANTOM LOADING:When current rating of the meter under test is high, a test with actual loading
arrangements would involve a considerable waste of energy in order to avoid this,
phantom or fictious loading is done.
Phantom loading consists of supplying the pressure coil circuit from a circuit of
required normal voltage and the current coil circuit from a separate low voltage
supply. It is possible to circulate rated current through the current coil circuit from a
low voltage supply as the impedance of the circuit is very low. With this arrangement
total power required is that due to very small pressure coil current at normal voltage
plus that due to the current coil circuit at very low voltage. Thus the total power
required for testing the meter with phantom loading is comparatively very low than
that with direct loading.
PROCEDURE:1) The pressure coil and current coil connections are brought out for connecting
them separately in the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram. First identify the
pressure coil and current coil by measuring their resistances with a Multimeter.
The coil with high resistance is the pressure coil and the other with low
resistance is the current coil.
2) Connect the pressure coil and the voltmeter across the variac 1 to apply rated
voltage to the pressure coil
3) Connect the current coil in series with an ammeter and a suitable low resistance
across the variac 2 as shown in circuit to vary the current through the current
coil.
4) Switch on the supply to the variac 1 and its output voltage to the rated voltage
of the pressure coil.
5) Next switch on the supply to the variac 2 and adjust the current to 1A.Then the
aluminium disc of the energy meter starts rotating slowly because of low
current. Note down the time taken by disc in seconds to complete 20
revolutions by means of a stop watch.
6) From the meter constant of the energy meter, calculate the energy recorded by
it for 20 revolutions and record it (F).
7) Calculate
the
value
of
true
energy
using
the
formula
True energy, s=VIT/3600 wh. As PF is unity since only rheostat is used in the
current coil circuit.

Where V= standard voltmeter reading in volts

I= standard ammeter reading in amps
T=time measured by stop watch in seconds for 20 revolutions.
8) Find the percentage error using the formula
percentage error = ((F-S)/S) X 100 and record it.
9) Repeat the experiment increasing the current through the current coil in steps of
1A up to its rated current maintaining constant voltage across the pressure coil.
Calculate the percentage error and record for every set of readings.
10)Plot the graph of percentage error and percentage correction to the base of
current coil current.
VIVA QUESTIONS:1) What are the different types of energy meters available for measuring electrical
energy?
2) Name different types of motor meters used to measure electrical energy on
D.C.
3) Name the two electro magnets used in the construction of the induction type
energy meter and their mode of connection in the circuit?
4) What is the function of the braking magnet in an induction type energy meter?
5) What is the purpose of providing a copper shading band on the shunt magnet?
6) What are the different sources of error in an induction type energy meter?
7) What is meant by creeping in an energy meter? How can it be eliminated?
8) What is meant by meter constant of an energy meter? State unit in which it is
measured?
9) How do you adjust the slow-fast adjustment in an energy meter?
Result:

Calibration of the given single phase energy meter is done by phantom loading