WALCHAND COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SANGLI

(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTE)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

YEAR 2016-17
PROJECTREPORT ON

Antilock Braking System

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

V.B.Dharmadhikari Sir
SUBMITTED BY:
NAME
1. Narsing V. Mundhe
2. KomalA. Dhapare
3. PriyaC. Khade

ROLL. NO.
2013BEN039
2013BEN046
2013BEN047

Introduction:
Antilock Braking System

Page 1

Anti-lock braking system (ABS) is an automobile safety system that allows

the wheels on a motor vehicle to maintain tractive contact with the road surface according to
driver inputs while braking, preventing the wheels from locking up and avoiding
uncontrolled skidding.
ABS generally offers improved vehicle control and decreases stopping distances
on dry and slippery surfaces.
ABS modulates the brake line pressure independent of the pedal force, to bring
the wheel speed back to the slip level range that is necessary for optimal braking
performance.

Need of ABS system:

Wheel lockup during braking causes skidding which in turn cause a loss of
traction and vehicle control. This reduces the steering ability to change direction. So the car
slides out of control.

ABS was designed to help the driver maintain some steering ability and avoid
skidding while braking.
ABS promotes directional stability and allows steering while maximizing braking.
With ABS system, the driver can brake hard, take the evasive action and still be in
control of the vehicle in any road condition at any speed and under any load.

Block diagram:
Valve
1
Speed Sensor
3

Valve2

Controller

Speed Sensor
4

Speed
Sensor 2
Valve 3

Valve 4

Principle of ABS:
Antilock Braking System

Speed
Sensor 1

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The skidding and lack of control is caused by the locking of wheels on the
application of brakes at abrupt time. The release and reapplication of the brake pedal will
avoid the locking of the wheels which in turn will avoid the skidding. This is what an
antilock braking system does.

Working:
ABS uses wheel speed sensors to determine if one or more wheels are trying to
lock up during braking. If a wheel tries to lock up, a series of hydraulic valves limit or
reduce the braking on that wheel. This prevents skidding and allows you to maintain
steering control.
First the speed of each wheel is measured and is given to the controller. Here, the
speed of each wheel is compared with each other to find out the braking condition. This
condition checks the state of wheel whether it is locked or not. A pulse is given to the
valve which is locked so as to release the breaking force.

Features:
Control of steering.
Fail/Safe electronic/electrical system.
Traction control.

Advantages:

Increases steering ability and vehicle stability during braking.

It is an optional feature that controls excessive wheel spin during acceleration.
Safe and effective.
It allows the driver to maintain directional stability and control over steering during
braking.

Disadvantages:
It is very costly.
Maintenance of car equipped with ABS is more.

Conclusion:
Antilock Braking System

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ABS has been so far developed to a system, which provides rapid, automatic
braking in response to signs of incipient wheel locking by alternatively increasing and
decreasing hydraulic pressure in the brake line. These problems commonly occur on
vehicle with conventional brake system which can be avoided by adding devices called
ABS.If there is an ABS failure, the system will revert to normal brake operation.

Antilock Braking System

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