9/17/2014

What About Efficiency?

Green Building Congress 2014

Typical energy consumption in office building

rC
Ai

Latest developments in VRV

Technology

47%

Comp. Heat
20% transfer
27.2%
Other utilities
20.5%
Lighting
32.3%

47% of electricity is
consumed by AC
AC consumption reduction is
prime target of energy
saving

How does it possible to achieve energy saving and

comfort simultaneously?

Sanjay Goyal
Daikin Air conditioning India Pvt. Ltd.
September 5, 2013

ondit io ning

Comfort

Energy saving

Air-cooled VRV Project with

LEED Platinum Certification
This is the time to increase our efforts towards
LEED certified
Platinum rating

Strengthen Green Building Movement

More energy efficient methods of operations

Project Name

CRISIL House

Location

Mumbai, India

BLD. Type

High energy efficient products

Official Building

The Size of Bldg

9 Floors

Habit of Energy Conservation

Size of Project

Best utilization of available Energy Resources.

Central Controller

We are pioneering the movement with a large array of

energy efficient products

Uniqueness

ODU - 73 No., HP 1,092

VRVIII (Air Cooled)
I-Manager

Green building project =>

With Platinum rating
Design by Team of
leading Architectural and
HVAC Consultancy
organisations.
4

Water-cooled VRV Project with

LEED Platinum Certification

LEED Platinum Certification

LEED certified
Platinum rating

Project Name
Location
BLD. Type
The Size of Bldg
Size of Project
Central Controller

Uniqueness

LEED certified
Platinum rating

Suzlon

Project Name

Kirloskar Brother Limited

Location

Pune, India

BLD. Type

Official Building

Pune, India

Official Building

The Size of Bldg

8 Blocks, 32 Floor
ODU - 134 No., HP 1,392
VRVIII ( WC)

Aircond. Qty

G+ 3 Floor

ODU - 69 No., HP 704

I-Manager & BACnet

Application
Green building project =>
Highest Platinum rated
building in India
Appreciation letter from
customer for installation
and project management

Green building project =>

Platinum rated building
1st Reference Site of VRV WIII
Awarded appreciation letter by
customer

9/17/2014

Discussion Topics
Emerging Space conditioning technology;
Variable Refrigerant Volume (VRV)

VRV Development

Energy & Atmosphere

- Efficiency of the system
- Environment friendly Refrigerant
Clean Project Management
- IAQ management plan
- Indoor environmental quality
7

The 1st turning point

Background of Development of VRV

Inverter VRV!

1973 Global oil crises (The 4th Arab-Israel War )

1979 New energy efficiency laws passes in Japan
1980 Chiller design engineers challenged with
making a higher efficiency chiller
1982 The worlds first VRV System is launched

Its design flexibility expanded sales volume

drastically.

5000

Inverter VRV

4000

Energy saving

3000
2000

Oil crisis
Crude oil price

1000
0

The 1st generation Inverter VRV G series

9

1973

1974

Non-inverter
VRV
1998

1999

1990

1991

Turning
Point

10

Performance difference between

1982 and 2012 model

Technology Advancement
Standard compressors to variable speed scroll compressors
Direct driven outdoor fans to variable frequency drive,

1982

2014

inverter-driven fans

Energy Efficiency (COP) <10HP>

2.78

4.30

Direct driven indoor coil motors to Inverter type motors

Max. refrigerant piping length

difference between indoor &
outdoor unit

70m

165m

Max. refrigerant piping height

difference between indoor &
outdoor unit

30m

90m

Capacity range Outdoor unit

1015HP

4~60HP

Capacity range Indoor unit

2.5HP

0.8~20HP

Max. connectable indoor units

number

6 units

64 units

None

-Intelligent touch Controller

- Intelligent Manager
- Intelligent touch Manager (~2012)
- BACNet interface
- LonWorks Interface
- Home Automation Interface (2012~)
- A/C Network Service System

Approx. 5,000m2

No limit

Network control system

Target project size

11

12

9/17/2014

Growth path experienced in all key VRV

markets

Expansion of the country of sale

Sales is undergoing in more than 70 countries
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech
Finland
France
Germany
Greece

Algeria
Burkina Fas
o
Egypt
Ivory Coast
Senegal
South Africa
Sudan

Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Lithuania
Macedonia
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia

120

Serbia
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
UK
Ukraine

Bahrain
Jordan
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
UAE

India
Maldives
Nepal
Seychelles
Sri Lanka

3. Steady
Growth

100

Japan
Australia
S. Korea
Singapore
Europe

80

Cambodia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippine
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam

China
Japan
Korea
Taiwan

Canada
Mexico
Puerto Rico
USA

60

2. High
Growth

x 25!

40

1. Tipping Point

Australia
Fiji
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Tahiti

Argentina
Brazil
Panama
Peru

20

0
0

12

15

18

21

24

27

30

33

Years after introduction

13

14

VRV Architecture
Variable Refrigerant Volume
Outdoor Unit

Energy: Efficiency of the system

Indoor Units

Independent control of
each room and zones air
conditioning according to
thermal load.
Automatic control of
each indoor unit
Energy conservation.
15

Groundbreaking technology applied

to VRV

Essential technologies
Energy saving is achieved by:
- Lowering condensing temperature
- Increasing evaporating temperature

Compressor
Variable speed inverter compressor
Scroll compressor with relief mechanism
Reluctance DC motor (IPMInner Permanent Magnet) synchronous motor)
Neodymium magnet
Sensor-less DC inverter
Sign wave inverter

-10

60

40 50
20 30
0 10

708090100110120

-20

Compresso
r

[MPa]

-30

Output current after correction

Scroll Type

0.1
150

200

250

300
350
[J/kg]

Heat exchanger

400

450

500

Fan

Reluctance
DC Motor

Enthalpy (Kcal/kg)

Aero Spiral Fan

D.I.S.O. Circuit

Sub cool circuit for longer piping

e-Pass cooling pipe location

Former Fan model

17

Liquid
refrigerant

High Temp. gas

To compensate refrigerant flow velocity

reduction caused by gas condensation, 2
passes are combined into 1 restricted to 1.
Heat exchange efficiency 11% UP

Control system
Hi-speed DIII protocol
Intelligent-Manager, Intelligent-touch-ControllerIntelligent-touch-Manager
BACNet Interface, LONWorks Interface
A/C Network Service System (AIRNET, Energy Saving AIRNET)

Standard Inverter

R410A

Heat exchanger

Sine-wave DCInverter

10

Pressure (MPa)

16

Aero Spiral Fan

18

9/17/2014

System Parts with built-in Inverters

System Capacity Control

According to the readings of 4 sensers, every 5 sec., CUP calculates optimum
capacity and adjusting EEV in PID (Propotional Integral & Derivative) action.
PID control ensures optimum comfort.

The motor of the compressor, the heart of an

air conditioner, consumes most power.

INV

Fan motor

Fan

CPU
Liquid

T1

Outdoor unit

INV

Air

INV

PCB

Compressor
motor

Evaporator

T2

Discharge

Air

INV

Gas

Each indoor controls its capacity via

PID control and an E.E.V.

T3

Electronic
expansion valve

INDEPENDENT
BRAIN

Air

T4

Suction

Electronic
expansion
valve motor

PCB

PCB

INV

Inverter device
19

Partial load Performance

Yearly Cooling hours
100%

140

90%

100
80
60

Condensing unit adjust the inverter

compressor to provide the required capacity
(Low or High)

T1 = Refrigerant IN temp.
T2 = Refrigerant OUT temp.
T3 = Return air temp.
T4 = Set temp. of RC
20

High Efficiency on Partial Load

Daily occupancy ratio

160

120

RC

Indoor unit fan motor

Major operation
range : > 38C

COP

7.0

80%
70%
Design condition
Less than 10 hrs
In a year

50%

Random
occupancy

20%

20

Cooling COP

4.3

6.0

40%
30%

40

6.6

6.5

60%

5.5

10%

0
18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46

Ambient Temperature ()

5.0

0%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Time

4.5

AC is selected for maximum load but operated under

fluctuating partial load almost all time

Nominal COP
*

Load Area

4.0
20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Cooling Load

Quick and efficient traceability for the load fluctuation

Quick capacity adjustment for changing load

* 8 HP

Partial Load gives high efficiency , Most of the time

building run on partial Loads

Adjusting refrigerant flow

COP = Cooling capacity /Power Input

21

Individual Control

22

Inverter Technology

Operations as per building need

Stable temperature control by electronic expansion

valve and inverter compressor

Precise Temperature Control

Room Temperature

Consumes Energy as per cooling load

30
25

15
User benefit - User can save
energy by avoiding useless
operation

Set Temp.

20
Automatically adjusts compressor speed to meet load
Strives to run long periods at very low speeds
Reduce cyclic losses
Improve temperature controls

10
23

20

30

40
Time

50

60

70

Min.
24

9/17/2014

VRT Control
Innovative New Technology !

VRT (Variable Refrigerant Temperature)

Cooling load is always changing
How can we achieve best performance in unstable
condition?

Recent Development

Targets

Methods

Results

Compressor
speed change

Inverter

Ref. Volume
change

Evaporating
temp. change

VRT

Comp. Work
change
New!

25

VRT Control

26

VRT Control

Comp. Work (power consumption) reduction

Ref. Temp.

TC
(Cond. Temp.)

Comp. Work
Comp. Work
Power consumption

VRT

TE

Reduction

Reduction

(Eva. Temp.)

Inverter
100% Ref. flow

50%

27

High Efficiency Scroll compressor

Reason Higher efficiency at cooling

VRT

COP

Because of smaller
high & low pressure
difference!

28

A 50% thinner & 20% higher scroll blade, which is

realized by adapting newly developed material,
increases compression volume by 50%.

Conventional A/C

Ref. Eva. temp.

VRT

Capacity

Cooling load
& capacity

2.4 times stronger !

Load

100%

50% thinner

Conventional A/C
25%

Outdoor
Temp.

35

30

25

20

50% more
compression
volume

20% higher
30

9/17/2014

Air net System: Energy Saving

This system tunes the air conditioner according to customer's outdoor
indoor location, operating conditions and day by day weather condition.

System overview

17 Weather data
locations from India Airnet Control Center
(ACC)

Spot
forecast

Weather
Association
Forecast Data

Customer

Environment

Optimized
energy saving
setup

Remote
energy saving
tune-up
service
(paid contract)

Optimized
energy saving
setup

I-Manager
Operation data
report
(via phone line)

or

Operation
data

I-Touch
Controller

* Optional chargeable service

31

32

Heat Transfer Media

Why Refrigerant?

Environmental Consciousness

The commonly used methods of Heat Transfer in Air Conditioning solutions each
exercise different operational characteristics regards adding or removing heat
energy to a conditioned space as follows:

Air
0.14 watts/lb

RoHS (Reduction of Hazardous Substances)

High COP (lower global warming impact, lower running cost)

Less refrigerant (zero ODP, lower global warming impact)

Water
2.6 watts/lb

Refrigerant

25 watts/lb
VAV

VWV

VRV

This diagram represents the energy transfer possible per lb of media due to the
performance characteristic of the fluid used.
33

Case Study: Project @ Pune

Energy Savings Proposal by Controller
Scheduling Required by client
Location

Time
Morning
Lunch

Further Energy saving through

Smart Controller

Office
Afternoon
Evening

Hour
9:00 13:00
13:00 14:00
14:00 18:30

Set Temp. Mode Set

Remote
Restriction

23-25C Cooling

No

Morning

Yes

Up to
Lift Lobby/
Lunch
Common
Afternoo
areas
n

Fan

24-26C Cooling

18:30

No

Location

Stop All Systems

Time

Night

Hour

Set Temp. Mode Set

8:00 10:00
10:00 14:00
14:00 20:00
20:00 8:00

Remote
Restriction

26C

Cooling

No

Fan

Yes

26C

Cooling

No

Fan

Yes

Total Testing Area 4 Floors: Right & Left Wing- 1 & 2 Floors

35

25/08/10~31/8/10
( Previous
conditions)

Without Energy
savings

1/09/10~7/09/10
( Present
conditions)

With Energy
savings Proposal
Centralized System

36

9/17/2014

Case Study: Project @ Pune

System Structure

Weekly Energy Savings

after

before

kwh

Reduction- 22 %

350

325 kwh

300

250 Kwh
250
200
150
kwh
100
50

Day

0
25-Aug 26-Aug 27-Aug 28-Aug 29-Aug 30-Aug 31-Aug 1-Sep
Mean Ambient
temp

Wed

Thur

Fri

24

24

24

SaturdaySunday MondayTuesday Wed

24

24

25

25

25

1545 Kwh

2-Sep

3-Sep

Thur

Fri

25

25

4-Sep

5-Sep

6-Sep

For download PPD data and

uploading project data

7-Sep

SaturdaySunday MondayTuesday
25

25

25

25

1202 Kwh

Energy savings weekly = 22 %

Energy savings= (1545-1202)/1545*100

37

38

Outdoor Air Processing Unit

Enhanced design flexibility and a significant reduction in total system costs.
Fresh air treatment and air conditioning with a single system
Fan coil units for air conditioning and an outdoor-air processing unit can be
connected to the same refrigerant line.

Indoor Environmental quality

39

Outdoor Air Processing Unit

40

Heat Reclaim Ventilation (HRV)

Enhanced design flexibility and a significant reduction in total system costs.

Fresh air treatment and air conditioning with a single system

Air Conditioning
Load Reduced by
Approximately 28%

Fan coil units for air conditioning and an outdoor-air processing unit can be
connected to the same refrigerant line.

VRV Indoor unit

HRV

ON/OFF signal

LCD remote
controller for
indoor unit

Cooling/Heating mode signal

Set temperature signal
Ventilation signal

Ex. air

Hot F.A.

23C 50%

35C 80%

Failure detection signal

HRV recovers heat from Exhaust air

Cooled FA

Exhaust air

27.5C 75%
41

42

9/17/2014

Future direction
Multi function
Super large
project
Integration with
applied system

Cooling/heating/
floor heating/hot
water supply
Cooling+heat
recovery for hot
water

Further HiCOP
Hi-COP
refrigerant
Revolutionary
compressor/hea
t exchanger

Future Direction
Optimization for
residence
Connection with
HA automation
Price optimization
by residence
concentrated
specification

VRV

Diversification
of the heat
source
Electric
Gas
Geo thermal
etc

43

Multi function VRV

44

VRV for cold area

Air-conditioning

4HP 48HP

Floor heating

10HP 20HP
Hot water supply

2 step compression type

Hi-COP even at 20degC

45

Ice thermal storage VRV

46

CO2 VRV

10HP

Ice thermal storage tank

VRV

10HP 42HP

47

48

9/17/2014

Application of VRV technology on large size projects

Gas heat pump VRV

Typical cluster details:

Size:
93,000 sqm
Average floor plate size:
Wing 1&4
2,600 sqm
Wing 2&3
3,000 sqm
Floor Levels
Wing 1&4 2 Lower Ground Floor+Ground Floor+5 Floors
Wing 2&3 2 Lower Ground Floor+Ground Floor+7 Floors

8HP 50HP

Project Detail: EON

Project Details:
SEZ Special Economic Zone project
=> VRV Biggest project
Location: Pune, India

Customer Criteria for A/C selection :

VRV III was selected for its various practical
benefits.
1.Phase wise installation and commissioning;
2.Energy Savings
3.Simplified Control and Maintenance
4.Independent AC system for each tenant

Equipment Configuration:

49

System Selected

VRV III (Total Capacity: 16512 HP, 928 ODU)

Refrigerant

R-410A

Outdoor Units

Heat pump types

Model

RXYQ18PY1: 896 nos.

RXYQ12PY1: 32 nos.

Indoor Units

FXFQ-MVE (Ceiling Mounted Multi Flow Cassette): 6,600 nos.

Control System

Intelligent Manager III (DAM602B51: 32 nos.)

50

Thank you for your attention!

51