TABLE 2-305

Temperature
K

Thermodynamic Properties of Water

Pressure
MPa

Density
mol/dm3

Volume
dm3/mol

Int. energy
kJ/mol

Enthalpy
kJ/mol

Entropy
kJ/(molK)

Cv
kJ/(molK)

Cp
kJ/(molK)

Sound speed
m/s

Joule-Thomson
K/MPa

Therm. cond.
mW/(mK)

Viscosity
Pas

Saturated Properties

2-413

0.000612
0.000992
0.001920
0.003537
0.006231
0.010546
0.017213
0.027188
0.041682
0.062194
0.090535
0.12885
0.17964
0.24577
0.33045
0.43730
0.57026
0.73367

273.16
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440

0.000612
0.000992
0.001920
0.003537
0.006231
0.010546
0.017213
0.027188
0.041682
0.062194
0.090535
0.12885
0.17964
0.24577
0.33045
0.43730
0.57026
0.73367
0.9322
1.1709
1.4551
1.7905
2.1831
2.6392
3.1655
3.7690
4.4569
5.2369
6.1172
7.1062
8.2132
9.448
10.821
12.345
14.033
15.901
17.969
20.265
22.064

273.16
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
620
630
640
647.1

55.497
55.501
55.440
55.315
55.139
54.919
54.662
54.371
54.049
53.698
53.321
52.918
52.490
52.038
51.563
51.064
50.541
49.994
49.421
48.824
48.199
47.545
46.861
46.145
45.393
44.603
43.770
42.889
41.954
40.956
39.885
38.725
37.456
36.048
34.451
32.577
30.210
26.729
17.874
0.000269
0.000426
0.000797
0.001420
0.002424
0.003978
0.006304
0.009681
0.014448
0.021014
0.029859
0.041537
0.056683
0.076014
0.10034
0.13055
0.16765
0.21276

0.018019
0.018018
0.018038
0.018078
0.018136
0.018209
0.018294
0.018392
0.018502
0.018623
0.018754
0.018897
0.019051
0.019217
0.019394
0.019583
0.019786
0.020003
0.020234
0.020482
0.020748
0.021033
0.021340
0.021671
0.022030
0.022420
0.022847
0.023316
0.023836
0.024417
0.025072
0.025823
0.026698
0.027741
0.029026
0.030697
0.033101
0.037413
0.055948
3711.0
2345.4
1254.3
704.01
412.60
251.39
158.62
103.30
69.213
47.586
33.491
24.075
17.642
13.156
9.9666
7.6601
5.9649
4.7002

0
0.51875
1.2742
2.0278
2.7808
3.5339
4.2873
5.0414
5.7964
6.5526
7.3104
8.0701
8.8320
9.5966
10.364
11.136
11.911
12.692
13.477
14.269
15.068
15.875
16.690
17.515
18.352
19.200
20.064
20.943
21.841
22.762
23.709
24.688
25.707
26.777
27.917
29.160
30.585
32.422
36.314
42.785
42.954
43.201
43.446
43.690
43.931
44.169
44.404
44.634
44.860
45.079
45.291
45.496
45.691
45.876
46.050
46.211
46.359

1.1E-05
0.51877
1.2742
2.0279
2.7810
3.5340
4.2876
5.0419
5.7972
6.5538
7.3121
8.0725
8.8354
9.6013
10.371
11.144
11.923
12.706
13.496
14.293
15.098
15.913
16.737
17.573
18.421
19.285
20.165
21.065
21.987
22.935
23.915
24.932
25.996
27.119
28.324
29.648
31.180
33.180
37.548
45.055
45.280
45.609
45.936
46.261
46.582
46.900
47.212
47.519
47.819
48.111
48.393
48.665
48.924
49.170
49.400
49.613
49.807

0
0.001876
0.004527
0.007082
0.009551
0.011941
0.014260
0.016511
0.018700
0.020830
0.022906
0.024932
0.026911
0.028847
0.030743
0.032602
0.034427
0.036222
0.037988
0.039729
0.041448
0.043147
0.044830
0.046498
0.048156
0.049807
0.051454
0.053102
0.054756
0.056422
0.058106
0.059821
0.061577
0.063396
0.065309
0.067371
0.069715
0.072737
0.079393
0.16494
0.16174
0.15741
0.15344
0.14981
0.14647
0.14339
0.14054
0.13791
0.13546
0.13317
0.13104
0.12904
0.12715
0.12537
0.12369
0.12208
0.12054

0.075978
0.075669
0.075095
0.074412
0.073645
0.072811
0.071927
0.071008
0.070070
0.069124
0.068180
0.067247
0.066331
0.065438
0.064570
0.063731
0.062920
0.062140
0.061390
0.060671
0.059984
0.059327
0.058702
0.058109
0.057548
0.057023
0.056536
0.056089
0.055690
0.055347
0.055071
0.054881
0.054808
0.054902
0.055258
0.056100
0.058152
0.064521
0.025553
0.025657
0.025816
0.025982
0.026158
0.026350
0.026568
0.026821
0.027118
0.027469
0.027883
0.028372
0.028944
0.029608
0.030369
0.031230
0.032187
0.033234

0.076023
0.075688
0.075429
0.075320
0.075294
0.075317
0.075373
0.075456
0.075567
0.075708
0.075883
0.076098
0.076357
0.076664
0.077026
0.077447
0.077934
0.078495
0.079136
0.079869
0.080706
0.081662
0.082757
0.084013
0.085464
0.087149
0.089124
0.091464
0.094275
0.097713
0.10201
0.10754
0.11491
0.12526
0.14100
0.16852
0.23108
0.46736
0.033947
0.034073
0.034270
0.034483
0.034716
0.034980
0.035287
0.035653
0.036091
0.036617
0.037249
0.038004
0.038903
0.039963
0.041203
0.042634
0.044269
0.046114

1402.3
1434.1
1472.1
1501.4
1523.2
1538.7
1548.7
1553.9
1554.8
1552.0
1545.8
1536.5
1524.3
1509.5
1492.2
1472.5
1450.6
1426.5
1400.4
1372.2
1342.0
1309.8
1275.7
1239.6
1201.5
1161.3
1119.1
1074.6
1027.9
978.54
926.44
871.23
812.49
749.57
681.27
604.73
513.19
400.66
0
409.00
413.92
420.99
427.89
434.63
441.18
447.54
453.68
459.58
465.22
470.57
475.61
480.32
484.67
488.65
492.22
495.39
498.12

0.24142
0.23515
0.22720
0.22024
0.21393
0.20804
0.20241
0.19690
0.19140
0.18581
0.18005
0.17404
0.16769
0.16092
0.15366
0.14581
0.13728
0.12794
0.11767
0.10631
0.09369
0.07959
0.06372
0.04578
0.02534
0.00189
0.025264
0.057002
0.094527
0.13949
0.19425
0.26220
0.34857
0.46172
0.61660
0.84473
1.2251
1.9542
3.7410
592.65
477.26
351.65
264.35
203.74
161.25
130.92
108.77
92.178
79.440
69.427
61.373
54.749
49.181
44.405
40.237
36.550
33.259

561.04
574.04
592.73
610.28
626.05
639.71
651.18
660.55
668.00
673.76
678.02
681.00
682.83
683.64
683.52
682.53
680.70
678.05
674.59
670.28
665.12
659.07
652.06
644.05
634.95
624.68
613.15
600.26
585.95
570.21
553.08
534.74
515.43
495.46
475.03
454.10
432.51
414.93
17.071
17.442
18.031
18.673
19.369
20.117
20.922
21.784
22.707
23.695
24.750
25.875
27.074
28.347
29.699
31.128
32.638
34.230

1791.2
1433.7
1084.0
853.84
693.54
577.02
489.49
421.97
368.77
326.10
291.36
262.69
238.77
218.60
201.43
186.68
173.91
162.77
152.98
144.31
136.58
129.64
123.37
117.66
112.42
107.57
103.05
98.792
94.746
90.857
87.074
83.342
79.600
75.773
71.759
67.382
62.244
55.247
9.2163
9.3815
9.6414
9.9195
10.213
10.518
10.833
11.157
11.487
11.823
12.162
12.504
12.848
13.192
13.538
13.883
14.228
14.573

2-414

TABLE 2-305

Thermodynamic Properties of Water (Continued)

0.93220
1.1709
1.4551
1.7905
2.1831
2.6392
3.1655
3.7690
4.4569
5.2369
6.1172
7.1062
8.2132
9.4480
10.821
12.345
14.033
15.901
17.969
20.265
22.064

450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
620
630
640
647.1

Pressure
MPa

Temperature
K

Density
mol/dm3

Volume
dm3/mol

Int. energy
kJ/mol

Enthalpy
kJ/mol

Entropy
kJ/(molK)

Cv
kJ/(molK)

Cp
kJ/(molK)

Sound speed
m/s

Joule-Thomson
K/MPa

Therm. cond.
mW/(mK)

Viscosity
Pas

Saturated Properties
0.26711
0.33209
0.40925
0.50035
0.60738
0.73265
0.87884
1.0491
1.2473
1.4780
1.7471
2.0620
2.4325
2.8720
3.3994
4.0434
4.8497
5.9009
7.3737
9.8331
17.874

3.7438
3.0113
2.4435
1.9986
1.6464
1.3649
1.1379
0.95318
0.80174
0.67659
0.57238
0.48497
0.41110
0.34819
0.29417
0.24732
0.20620
0.16946
0.13562
0.10170
0.055948

46.492
46.609
46.708
46.788
46.848
46.885
46.898
46.883
46.838
46.758
46.641
46.478
46.264
45.988
45.636
45.188
44.613
43.855
42.801
41.095
36.314

49.982
50.134
50.263
50.367
50.442
50.487
50.500
50.475
50.411
50.302
50.142
49.925
49.641
49.278
48.819
48.242
47.506
46.550
45.238
43.156
37.548

0.11907
0.11764
0.11627
0.11493
0.11362
0.11233
0.11105
0.10979
0.10852
0.10724
0.10595
0.10462
0.10324
0.10180
0.10026
0.098600
0.096755
0.094631
0.092029
0.088324
0.079393

0.034362
0.035561
0.036821
0.038137
0.039503
0.040920
0.042391
0.043920
0.045519
0.047197
0.048968
0.050848
0.052856
0.055017
0.057361
0.059939
0.062831
0.066197
0.070465
0.077576

0.048177
0.050469
0.053005
0.055809
0.058919
0.062388
0.066289
0.070723
0.075827
0.081789
0.088873
0.097461
0.10813
0.12178
0.13994
0.16540
0.20384
0.26923
0.40819
0.94736

500.41
502.24
503.60
504.45
504.78
504.55
503.71
502.23
500.05
497.10
493.31
488.58
482.79
475.80
467.41
457.33
445.11
429.99
410.21
379.64
0

30.307
27.653
25.265
23.118
21.187
19.450
17.886
16.475
15.197
14.035
12.973
11.997
11.093
10.248
9.4499
8.6837
7.9329
7.1743
6.3669
5.3854
3.7410

35.904
37.663
39.512
41.455
43.502
45.666
47.969
50.442
53.130
56.102
59.456
63.341
67.981
73.721
81.108
91.052
105.17
126.66
163.44
250.01

14.917
15.261
15.606
15.952
16.300
16.653
17.011
17.377
17.755
18.149
18.563
19.007
19.489
20.024
20.634
21.350
22.229
23.374
25.018
27.938

Single-Phase Properties

0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1

372.76
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200

0.1
0.1

300
372.76

5
5
5

537.09
600
700

5
5
5
5

300
400
500
537.09

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

453.03
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200

1
1
1

300
400
453.03

55.317
53.212
0.032769
0.030397
0.024154
0.020086
0.017201
0.015044
0.013369
0.012030
0.010936
0.010024
55.340
52.060
49.243
0.28559
0.25158
0.20466
0.17377
0.15134
0.13418
0.12058
0.10951
0.10032
55.439
52.173
46.267
43.151
1.4072
1.1320
0.91269

0.018078
0.018793
30.517
32.898
41.401
49.786
58.136
66.471
74.799
83.123
91.444
99.763
0.018070
0.019209
0.020307
3.5015
3.9749
4.8861
5.7547
6.6074
7.4524
8.2932
9.1313
9.9677
0.018038
0.019167
0.021614
0.023175
0.71063
0.88340
1.0957

2.0277
7.5196
45.138
45.900
48.619
51.387
54.256
57.240
60.347
63.581
66.941
70.426
2.0263
9.5914
13.717
46.529
48.111
51.123
54.087
57.121
60.258
63.511
66.885
70.380
2.0204
9.5643
17.474
20.685
46.785
49.734
53.286

2.0295
7.5214
48.190
49.189
52.759
56.365
60.069
63.887
67.827
71.893
76.085
80.402
2.0444
9.6106
13.737
50.030
52.086
56.009
59.842
63.729
67.710
71.804
76.016
80.347
2.1106
9.6601
17.582
20.801
50.338
54.151
58.765

0.007081
0.02347
0.13257
0.13516
0.14313
0.14970
0.15541
0.16050
0.16514
0.16943
0.17342
0.17718
0.007077
0.028834
0.038518
0.11863
0.12295
0.13011
0.13602
0.14121
0.14590
0.15021
0.15422
0.15799
0.007057
0.028766
0.046415
0.052622
0.10762
0.11436
0.12148

0.074406
0.067921
0.02801
0.02717
0.02717
0.028103
0.029225
0.030431
0.031687
0.032963
0.034228
0.035458
0.074353
0.065422
0.061169
0.034718
0.030084
0.029002
0.029629
0.030651
0.031821
0.033051
0.034290
0.035504
0.074119
0.065337
0.058082
0.056215
0.046699
0.034611
0.031678

0.075315
0.075938
0.037444
0.036170
0.035693
0.036513
0.037592
0.038778
0.040024
0.041293
0.042554
0.043781
0.075270
0.076628
0.079348
0.048846
0.041065
0.038358
0.038495
0.039301
0.040358
0.041522
0.042719
0.043905
0.075070
0.076438
0.083643
0.090740
0.079952
0.051045
0.043318

1501.5
1543.5
471.99
490.31
548.31
598.61
643.92
685.47
724.03
760.17
794.33
826.85
1503.0
1511.3
1392.0
501.02
535.74
592.58
640.55
683.48
722.85
759.50
794.01
826.77
1509.8
1520.9
1250.0
1087.8
498.04
561.07
624.59

25.053
27.008
35.861
46.367
57.964
70.385
83.466
97.085
111.15
125.58

67.038
47.254
19.298
10.567
6.6444
4.5167
3.2280
2.3885
1.8122
1.4006

610.32
678.97

0.22024
0.17843

36.427
38.799
47.636
58.735
70.983
84.000
97.573
111.57
125.89

29.473
19.741
10.615
6.6387
4.5077
3.2212
2.3837
1.8089
1.3982

610.73
684.10
673.37

0.22022
0.16113
0.11435

0.22012
0.16222
0.04945
0.047232
14.362
10.407
6.5536

612.54
686.54
646.52
604.15
55.203
54.653
62.680

853.83
282.91
12.256
13.285
17.270
21.407
25.564
29.669
33.685
37.592
41.382
45.054
853.67
218.80
150.24
15.021
17.051
21.329
25.550
29.687
33.718
37.630
41.420
45.088
853.00
219.84
118.27
100.01
18.032
21.062
25.547

800
900
1000
1100
1200

5
5
5
5
5

10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

584.15
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200

10
10
10
10

300
400
500
584.15

1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000

400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200

500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500

300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200

0.77805
0.68224
0.60918
0.55109
0.50355
55.561
52.312
46.517
38.213
3.0787
2.7628
1.9625
1.6157
1.3945
1.2345
1.1111
1.0119
57.573
54.500
49.914
43.935
36.179
26.768
19.073
14.734
12.246
10.631
63.750
60.862
57.695
54.316
50.847
47.385
44.018
40.814
37.834
35.124
65.942
63.253
60.572
57.937
55.384
52.937
50.611
48.415
46.349

1.2853
1.4658
1.6416
1.8146
1.9859
0.017998
0.019116
0.021497
0.026169
0.32482
0.36195
0.50956
0.61893
0.71709
0.81002
0.90002
0.98820
0.017369
0.018349
0.020034
0.022761
0.027640
0.037359
0.052429
0.067868
0.081656
0.094062
0.015686
0.016431
0.017332
0.018411
0.019667
0.021104
0.022718
0.024501
0.026432
0.028470
0.015165
0.015810
0.016509
0.017260
0.018056
0.018890
0.019759
0.020655
0.021575

56.576
59.855
63.197
66.632
70.172
2.0131
9.5311
17.389
25.105
45.852
47.183
52.145
55.851
59.334
62.798
66.314
69.910
1.8921
9.0423
16.289
23.820
31.916
40.700
48.805
55.188
60.470
65.222
1.5247
7.9635
14.264
20.481
26.606
32.615
38.492
44.233
49.839
55.312
7.4792
13.357
19.141
24.836
30.435
35.938
41.354
46.695
51.976

63.002
67.183
71.405
75.705
80.101
2.1931
9.7222
17.604
25.367
49.100
50.802
57.241
62.040
66.505
70.898
75.314
79.792
3.6290
10.877
18.292
26.097
34.680
44.435
54.048
61.975
68.635
74.628
9.3678
16.179
22.930
29.687
36.439
43.167
49.851
56.484
63.055
69.547
22.644
29.167
35.650
42.096
48.491
54.828
61.113
67.350
73.551

0.12714
0.13207
0.13652
0.14061
0.14444
0.007031
0.028682
0.046244
0.060543
0.10117
0.10405
0.11405
0.12046
0.12572
0.13035
0.13456
0.13846
0.006516
0.027360
0.043895
0.058109
0.071320
0.084331
0.095669
0.10404
0.11039
0.11561
0.003746
0.023347
0.038412
0.050731
0.061141
0.070124
0.077998
0.084987
0.091251
0.096900
0.019833
0.034391
0.046212
0.056150
0.064689
0.072155
0.078776
0.084722
0.090117

0.031683
0.032430
0.033447
0.034565
0.035704
0.073834
0.065233
0.058028
0.054835
0.055964
0.047271
0.034838
0.033089
0.033219
0.033947
0.034908
0.035954
0.069812
0.063582
0.057324
0.052776
0.049610
0.047143
0.043932
0.041345
0.040131
0.039810
0.063403
0.059634
0.055769
0.052734
0.050315
0.048442
0.047068
0.046126
0.045537
0.045218
0.057934
0.055063
0.053055
0.051393
0.050059
0.049062
0.048373
0.047942
0.047713

0.041848
0.041922
0.042571
0.043465
0.044458
0.074829
0.076208
0.082910
0.11032
0.128640
0.092535
0.051779
0.045603
0.044062
0.043952
0.044427
0.045164
0.071696
0.073086
0.075607
0.081104
0.091576
0.10108
0.088057
0.071678
0.062539
0.057826
0.068296
0.067603
0.067522
0.067584
0.067436
0.067080
0.066596
0.066041
0.065356
0.064451
0.065743
0.064967
0.064676
0.064219
0.063663
0.063101
0.062594
0.062176
0.061861

674.39
717.57
756.57
792.63
826.45
1518.2
1532.7
1271.3
847.33
472.51
503.34
602.20
662.61
710.98
753.03
791.02
826.16
1667.9
1717.3
1555.7
1300.4
1020.0
813.97
765.30
792.50
832.67
872.28
2228.6
2258.7
2200.7
2093.8
1970.5
1850.1
1743.4
1655.7
1589.3
1543.9
2718.6
2677.2
2602.3
2513.7
2423.7
2338.7
2261.5
2193.2
2133.6

4.4532
3.1856
2.3599
1.7924
1.3865
0.21999
0.16351
0.05669
0.29540
9.9124
9.4382
6.3228
4.3529
3.1289
2.3241
1.7683
1.3695
0.21618
0.17905
0.12564
0.02079
0.21155
0.65939
1.0399
1.0944
0.98401
0.83544

73.950
86.626
99.971
113.64
127.51
614.81
689.57
651.64
526.83
76.543
71.110
69.301
78.476
90.516
103.50
116.73
130.00
654.50
741.80
730.42
645.83
510.14
351.46
257.03
232.07
223.70
219.07

1172.7
2199.5
3250.5
3202.2
2408.7
1610.7
1052.9
703.41
487.61

0.19303
0.19158
0.18789
0.18439
0.18105
0.17779
0.17459
0.17139
0.16808

763.82
929.09
1096.6
1097.9
935.15
738.72
572.49
445.17
350.97
282.78

0.19915
0.19486
0.18339
0.16883
0.15188
0.13256
0.11124
0.08910
0.06907
0.05511

29.806
33.891
37.821
41.606
45.257
852.28
221.13
119.55
81.795
20.267
21.036
25.704
30.054
34.176
38.111
41.882
45.506
856.88
243.50
138.92
101.51
79.363
62.042
53.250
51.518
52.497
54.415
1089.4
320.18
189.08
141.83
118.47
104.70
95.388
88.418
83.021
78.952
329.93
190.55
137.73
108.98
91.430
80.198
72.716
67.520
63.774

2-415

The values in these tables were generated from the NIST REFPROP software (Lemmon, E. W., McLinden, M. O., and Huber, M. L., NIST Standard Reference Database 23: Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and
Transport PropertiesREFPROP, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, Md., 2002, Version 7.1). The primary source for the thermodynamic properties is
Wagner, W., and Pruss, A., The IAPWS Formulation 1995 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 31(2):387535, 2002. The source
for viscosity is International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam, Revised Release on the IAPS Formulation 1985 for the Viscosity of Ordinary Water Substance, IAPWS, 1997. The source for thermal conductivity is the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam, Revised Release on the IAPS Formulation 1985 for the Thermal Conductivity of Ordinary Water Substance, IAPWS, 1998.
Properties at the triple point temperature and the critical point temperature are given in the first and last entries of the saturation tables, respectively. In the single-phase table, when the temperature range for
a given isobar includes a vapor-liquid phase boundary, the temperature of phase equilibrium is noted, and properties for both the saturated liquid and saturated vapor are given (with liquid properties given in
the upper line). Lines are omitted from the temperature-pressure grid of the single-phase table, when the system would be in the solid phase or if there are potential problems with the source property surface.
The uncertainty in density of the equation of state is 0.0001% at 1 atm in the liquid phase, and 0.001% at other liquid states at pressures up to 10 MPa and temperatures to 423 K. In the vapor phase, the uncertainty
is 0.05% or less. The uncertainties rise at higher temperatures and/or pressures, but are generally less than 0.1% in density except at extreme conditions. The uncertainty in pressure in the critical region is 0.1%. The
uncertainty of the speed of sound is 0.15% in the vapor and 0.1% or less in the liquid, and increases near the critical region and at high temperatures and pressures. The uncertainty in isobaric heat capacity is 0.2% in
the vapor and 0.1% in the liquid, with increasing values in the critical region and at high pressures. The uncertainties of saturation conditions are 0.025% in vapor pressure, 0.0025% in saturated-liquid density, and 0.1%
in saturated-vapor density. The uncertainties in the saturated densities increase substantially as the critical region is approached. For the uncertainties in the viscosity and thermal conductivity, see the IAPWS Release.