PROCEDURE

Experiment A
1. In a conical flask a mixture of 50 ml organic solvent and 50 ml of de-mineralised
water are made up.
2. 5 ml of propionic acid is added. 5 ml is pipetted into the flask using a pipette with a
rubber bulb.
3. A stopper is placed into the flask and shook for a minimum five minutes.
4. The solution is poured into a separating funnel, and leaved 5 minutes and the lower
aqueous layer is removed.
5. 10 ml sample of this layer is took and titrated against 0.1 M sodium hydroxide
solution using phenolphthalein as indicator.
6. The experiment are repeated for two further concentration of propionic acid for initial
addition of 3 ml and I ml of propionic acid.
Experiment B
1. 100 ml of propionic acid is added to 10 litres of the organic phase. Mixed well to
ensure an even concentration then the organic phase is filled feed tank with the
mixture.
2. The level control is switched to the bottom of the column (electrode switch S2).
3. The water feed tank is filled with 15 litres of clean de-mineralised water, the water
pump is started and the column is filled with water at a high flow rates.
4. As soon as the water is above the top of the packing, the flow rate is reduced to 0.2
l/min.
5. The metering pump is started and a flow rate of 0.2 l/min.
6. It is run for 15-20 minutes to achieve steady state, flow rates during this period is
monitored to ensure that they remain constant.
7. 15 ml samples is took from the feed, raffinate and extract streams. The calibration
valve V8 cannot be used for taking feed samples.
8 . 10 ml of each sample is titrated against 0.1 M NaOH using phenolphthalein as the
indicator ( t o t i t r a t e t h e f e e d a n d r a f f i n a t e m a g n e t i c s t i r r e r m a y
needed.)

DISCUSSION
The experiment are conducted in order to achieve the objective
which is for Experiment A it is conducted to determine the distribution
c o e f f i c i e n t f o r t h e s ys t e m o r g a n i c s o l v e n t - P r o p i o n i c Ac i d - Wat e r a n d f o r
Experiment B it is conducted to measure the mass transfer coefficient
with the aqueous phase as the continuous medium.
For Experiment A it is conducted by changing the volume of
P r o p i o n i c Ac i d a d d e d i n t o t h e f l a s k . F o r t h e f i r s t r e a d i n g , t h e v o l u m e
o f P r o p i o n i c Ac i d a d d e d i s 5 m l a n d f o r s e c o n d a n d t h i r d r e a d i n g t h e
v o l u m e o f P r o p i o n i c Ac i d a d d e d i s 3 m l a n d 1 m l . T h e m i x t u r e o f
P r o p i o n i c Ac i d - o r g a n i c s o l v e n t - w a t e r i s s h a k e n a n d p o u r e d i n t o t h e
separating funnel to be separated. This mixture produced compound
with two layers. The bottom layer contains more water and the upper
l a y e r c o n t a i n s m o r e P r o p i o n i c Ac i d . T h e b o t t o m l a y e r m i x t u r e t h a t h a v e
been titrated will give the value for raffinate while the upper layer that
being titrated will give the value for extract. From the result obtained
we can see that the distribution coefficient will decrease as the amount
of propionic acid added decreased. This shows that the greater the
amount of solvent added, the higher the increase in distribution
coefficient.
For Experiment B 10ml of feed, raffinate and extract stream and
titrated by using 0.1M NaOH and 0.025M NaOH. From the result
obtained we can see that the value of mass transfer coefficient for
different concentration of NaOH used will give different value. For
0 . 1 M N a O H , t h e v a l u e o f m a s s t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t i s 0.242 mol/L.min a n d
the value of mass transfer coefficient for 0.025M NaOH is

0.662

mol/L.min. During conducting the Experiment A and B there a lot of error that occur that will
affect the result obtained so precaution step should be take to avoid the error from occur.

CONCLUSION
T h e o b j e c t i v e s o f t h i s e x p e r i m e n t a r e a c h i e v e d s u c c e s s f u l l y. F r o m
Experiment A the distribution coefficient for the solution with 5ml,
3 m l , a n d 1 m l o f p r o p i o n i c a c i d a d d e d a r e 1 . 8 8 , 2 . 7 0 , a n d 3 . 3 6 . As w e
can see the higher the amount of propionic acid added into the solution
the lower the value distribution coefficient. For Experiment B in order
to get the value for mass transfer coefficient, 10ml sample of feed,
extract and raffinate to titrate by using 0.1M NaOH and 0.025M NaOH.
T h e v a l u e o f m a s s t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t f o r 0 . 1 M N a O H i s 0.242 mol/L.min
a n d f o r 0 . 0 2 5 M N a O H i s 0.662 mol/L.min. When titrated by using different
concentration of NaOH will give different value for mass transfer coefficient.