CHAPTER 8

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

8.1 Load Flow
1. Bus Voltages
The calculated voltage of 6.9kV bus is acceptable at
6.798kV and can be further improved by the Power Factor
Correction Capacitors with the calculated maximum value of
6.837kV at 1800kVAR. On the other hand, the calculated bus
voltages on 480V MCC8 and MCC9 are both below permissible
value at 464V and 465V, respectively. It is recommended to
adjust the primary no-load tap changer of TRL3A and TRL3B to 2.5% tap to improve the bus voltage to at least 477V and 478V
for MCC8 and MCC9, respectively. With TRL3A and TRL3B tap at
-2.5%, there will be further improvement on the 480V bus
voltage thru the power factor correction capacitors and thus,
increasing the voltages to a maximum of 480V for both MCC8
and MCC9.
2. Percent (%) Voltage Drop
Based on the calculated results, the percent (%) voltage
drop of all transformer feeders and medium-voltage load feeders
are acceptable. However, there are seven (7) low-voltage loads
with feeders that were identified to have an unacceptable
percent (%) voltage drop. It is recommended to increase the
number of phase conductors of each of the seven (7) loads to
reduce the % voltage drop to an acceptable level. Motors
VM5814, GM5806A-2, YM7733, YM8607, Y5160 and Y5619 all
require additional one (1) wire per phase to reduce the percent
(%) voltage drop to 3%. YM7730 requires replacement of larger
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wire size from 10mm2 to 16mm2 to improve the percent (%)

voltage drop to 3%.
3. Transformer Loading (Steady-State)
All three (3) transformers are loaded within its specified
limit. TRM1 has a maximum loading of 21.25% at ONAN with a
maximum load reduction due to power factor capacitor at
19.31%. This represents about 2% maximum improvement on
TRM1 loading due to power factor capacitor. TRL3A and TRL3B
have a maximum loading of 35% and 31%, respectively.
Sufficient
4. Bus Bar and Feeder Loading
Bus bar of 6.9kV, MCC8 and MCC9 are loaded within its
specified limit.

For 6.9kV bus bar, it has been shown that the

power factor capacitor effectively reduces the current flow to as

low as 652A at 1800kVAR. Because of tap change on TRL3A and
TRL3B as well as the effect of power factor capacitor, MCC8 and
MCC9 bus currents are reduced to as low as 1263A and 1110A
for MCC8 and MCC9, respectively, which is below the bus current
rating.
8.2 Short-circuit Analysis
Using JGSPCs criteria for equipment safety margin [10] of
not less than 10%, medium-voltage circuit breakers, air-circuit
breakers

and

Molded

Case

Circuit

Breakers

exceeded

the

requirement for both making and breaking capacity and therefore

satisfactory. The calculated short-circuit currents were also used to
calculate

the

protective

device

settings

and

perform

device

coordination as well as in arc-flash study.

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8.3 Protection Coordination

In protection coordination, protection settings are
calculated

and

coordination

study

is

conducted.

Generally,

chronological type of coordination was used for protections which

are in series with low or no impedance in between. On the other
hand current coordination was used for protection which has high
impedance in between primary and secondary of circuit breakers.
Minimum size of medium cables based on the calculated
maximum fault current and protective device setting are calculated.
Based on the result of this calculation, all medium-voltage feeder
cables

are

above

the

minimum

calculated

requirement

and

therefore can handle both normal and abnormal condition. Another

aspect of the analysis is the evaluation of equipment grounding
conductor sizes review, where the required minimum sizes are
determined based on Table 2.50.6.13 of PEC. This evaluation shows
that all medium-voltage loads and all low-voltage feeder cable
satisfied the minimum size requirement for equipment grounding
conductor. The protective device settings and the calculated fault
currents are used to calculate the arc-flash incident energies and
protection boundaries.
8.4 Detailed Large Motor Starting Analysis
In the motor starting analysis, motors with 100kW output
and above were evaluated. In this analysis, the bus voltages dip
during large motor starting were calculated and compared against
the permissible values. From all the large motors analyses, only
YM7601 have an unacceptable effect on the bus voltages and for
that reason it is recommended to install an RVS with at least 80%
tap to stabilize the bus voltages. Starting torque analysis were also
conducted to all large motors to determine if the motor can still
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deliver the required torque during starting. This torque study shows
that all motors can deliver the required torque during starting.
However, VM5814 has an unacceptable percent (%) voltage drop
during starting at 25.4%. This condition can be resolved through
the implementation of the recommendation from the load flow study
to the same motor during running condition. The transient loading
of the power transformer was also evaluated where the maximum
transient loading for TRM1 was calculated to occur when starting
YM7601 at about 38.012MVA which can still be handled by the said
transformer. If the recommended auto transformer is used for
YM7601 at 80% tap, the transient loading will be reduced to
29.971MVA which can be handled by the transformer TRM1.
8.5 Arc-Flash Analysis
In arc-flash analysis, incident energies generated during an
arc fault is calculated for specified arc-flash points at specified
conditions and working distance to determine the severity of the
possible hazard while performing live inspection and maintenance
and to determine the rating of the arc-resistant personnel protective
clothing. The analysis also determined the arc-flash boundary which
will be the basis of the distance from the live parts to which
minimum

arc-resistance

PPE

is

required.

The

analysis

have

identified that the maximum required arc-resistant PPE rating is

30.30 cal/cm2 representing hazard level 4. As a plant standard, it is
recommended to use 40 cal/cm2 MACRON arc-flash cover all suit
that can be used for both maximum and minimum arc-flash hazard
level.

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