ILANG LIHAM AT PAHAYAG NI RIZAL AT UKOL KAY RIZAL

LIHAM KAY BLUMENTRITT (HUNYO 19, 1887)

I can assure you that I have no desire to take part in conspiracies which seem to me
premature and risky in the extreme. But if the government drives us to it, that is to say,
when there remains to us no other hope than to seek our ruin in war, when the Filipinos
shall prefer to die rather than to endure their miseries any longer, then I too shall advocate
violent means. It is Spain who must choose between peace and ruin.
LIHAM KAY BLUMENTRITT (HUNYO 26, 1887)
A peaceful struggle shall always be a dream, for Spain will never learn the lesson of her
South American colonies. Spain cannot learn what England and the United States have
learned. But, under the present circumstances, we do not want separatism from Spain. All
that we ask is greater attention, better education, better government, one or two
representatives, and greater security for persons and our properties. Spain could always
win the appreciation of Filipinos if she were only reasonable. But, whom Jupiter would
destroy, he first makes mad (quos vult perdere Jupiter, prius dementat!)

ang hindi pagiging makatuwiran ng Espanya (di pagbibigay ng mga reporma) ay

kabaliwan, at ito ay hahantong sa di inaasahang bunga: rebolusyon
ito ang paraan ng pagwasak ni Jupiter sa Espanya gawin itong baliw (di nakikinig sa
mga hinihinging reporma)

LIHAM KAY MARIANO PONCE (HULYO 1890)

I am thinking of returning as soon as possible, and let God say what is to happen. Graciano
should do the same; instead of going to Cuba to catch the yellow fever, he should go to the
Philippines and let himself be killed in support of his ideas. . . If one must die, let one die at
least in his country, for his country and in the name of his country
LIHAM NI RIZAL (1891)
If our countrymen hope in us here in Europe, they are certainly mistaken. . . The help we
can give them is our lives in our own country. The medicine must be brought near to the
sick man. Had I not been unwilling to shorten the lives of my parents, I would not have left
the Philippines, no matter what happened. . . The field of battle is the Philippines; there is
where we should be.
LIHAM NI ANTONIO LUNA KAY RIZAL (ENERO 1892)
The propaganda for assimilation is necessary but separatist propaganda should be even
more active for the practical thing is to seek adherents in shaking off the yoke. . . I shall go,
then, to Manila and in all my acts keep ever in mind my duty as a separatist. . . You already
have then a follower around here who will work with constancy.

LIHAM NI GALICANO APACIBLE KAY RIZAL

The political campaign we were then waging in the metropolis was not bad; rather it was
even suitable to justify our attitude when the day would come to work for our separation.
Moreover, it was good propaganda in the Philippines so that our countrymen would realize
that all our petitions and peaceful campaign to obtain freedom had reached their limit and
had been futile.

tunay na layunin: kalayaan

pamamaraan:
kaliwanagan ng taumbayan
paghubog ng pambansang kamalayan

PAKIKIPAG-USAP KAY JOSE ALEJANDRINO

I regret having killed Elias instead of Crisostomo Ibarra; but when I wrote the Noli Me
Tangere, my health was badly broken and I never thought that I would be able to write its
sequel and speak of a revolution. Otherwise, I would have preserved the life of Elias, who
was a noble character, patriotic, self-denying and disinterested necessary qualities in a
man who leads a revolution whereas Crisostomo Ibarra was an egoist who only decided to
provoke the rebellion when he was hurt in his interest, his person, his loves and all the
other things he held sacred. With men like him, success cannot be expected in their
undertakings.

MEMOIRS NI APOLINARIO MABINI

In contrast to Burgos who wept because he died guiltless, Rizal went to the execution
ground calm and even cheerful, to show that he was happy to sacrifice his life, which he
had dedicated to the good of all Filipinos, confident that in love and gratitude they would
always remember him and follow his example and teaching. In truth the merit of Rizals
sacrifice consists precisely in that it was voluntary and conscious.

Rizal Manifesto (December 15, 1896)

Fellow countrymen: Upon my return from Spain I learned that my name was being
used as a rallying cry by some who had taken up arms. This information surprised
and grieved me but thinking that the whole affair was finished, I refrained from
commenting on something that could no longer be remedied. Now, rumors reach
me that the disturbances have not ceased. It may be that persons continue to use
my name in good or in bad faith; if so, wishing to put a stop to this abuse and to
undeceive the gullible, I hasten to address these lines to you that the truth may be
known. From the very beginning, when I first received information of what was
being planned, I opposed it, I fought against it, and I made clear that it was
absolutely impossible. This is the truth, and they are still alive who can bear
witness to my words. I was convinced that the very idea was wholly absurd worse
than absurd, it was disastrous. I did more than this. When later on, in spite of my
urgings, the uprising broke out, I came forward voluntarily to offer not only my
services but my life and even my good name in order that they may use me in any
manner they may think opportune to smother the rebellion. For I was convinced of
the evils which that rebellion would bring in its train, and so I considered it a
privilege if at whatever sacrifice I could ward off so much useless suffering. This is
also of record.
Fellow countrymen: I have given many proofs that I desire as much as the next
man liberties for our country; I continue to desire them. But I laid down as a
prerequisite the education of the people in order that by means of such instruction,
and by hard work, they may acquire a personality of their own and so become
worthy of such liberties. In my writings I have recommended study and the civic
virtues, without which no redemption is possible. I have also written (and my words
have been repeated by others) that reforms, if they are to bear fruit, must come
from above, for reforms that come from below are upheavals both violent and
transitory. Thoroughly imbued with these ideas, I cannot do less than condemn, as I
do condemn, this ridiculous and barbarous uprising, plotted behind my back, which
both dishonors us Filipinos and discredits those who might have taken our part. I
abominate the crimes for which it is responsible and I will have no part in it. With all
my heart I am sorry for those who have rashly allowed themselves to be deceived.
Let them, then, return to their homes, and may God pardon those who have acted
in bad faith.

hindi pinahintulutan ng pinunong huwes na ipalabas ang nasabing pahayag

o hindi nanumpa ng katapatan si Rizal sa Espanya

o hindi kinondena ni Rizal ang hangaring maging Malaya, sa halip

itinuturing niya itong hindi maiiwasan
ang hindi sinasang-ayunan ni Rizal ay ang rebelyong 1896 dahil
o ito ay hindi napapanahon
o maliit ang pagkakataon nitong magtagumpay sa mga oras na iyon
ang di pagsang-ayon sa nagaganap na himagsikan ay usapin ng oportunidad
at HINDI paninindigan o ipinaglalaban
ang sumusunod ang maaaring ituring na tunay na pakakahulugan ng kanyang
proklamasyon:
o Sa napipintong kabiguan ng kasalukuyang himagsikan, ibaba na ang
inyong mga armas; ako ang mamumuno sa inyo tungo sa pangakong
kalayaan sa tamang panahon.
HINDI ang manipesto ang kanyang huling pahayag ukol sa himagsikan
o huling tulang sinulat na isinalim ni Bonifacio bilang Pahimakas, na
inaawit ng mga rebolusyonaryo

En campos de batalla, luchando con

delirio
Otros te dan sus vidas sin dudas, sin
pesar
El sitio nada importa, cipres, laurel o
lirio,
Cadalso o campo abierto, combate o
cruel martirio,
Lo mismo es si lo piden la Patria y el
hogar

Sa pakikidigma at pamimiyapis
ang alay ng ibay ang buhay na kipkip
walang agam-agam, maluwag sa dibdib
matamis sa puso at di ikahapis
Saan man mautas ay di kailangan
cipres o laurel, lirio may putungan
pakikipaghamok at ang bibitayan
yaon ay gaon din kung hiling ng
Bayan.

sa paniniwala ni Rizal na walang pagkakaiba ang mamatay sa digmaan o sa

pagkamartir, pinili niya ang ikalawa
kung hindi sumasang-ayon si Rizal sa himagsikan, bakit naging kasapi ng
Katipunan sina
o
Paciano
o
Josefa
o
Trinidad
o
Angelica (anak ni Narcisa)
o
Josephine