SOLUTIONS TO

VTU QUESTIONS

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

PREPARED BY

PRUTHVI LOY
SERRAO
SUSHMITA DESAI

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Problem 1 - Solution

1. A square prism 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis

length rests on HP on one(p)
ofs its edges ofp the base.
S
'
(p)
(o ) (q)
'
Draw
ther projections of the prism
when the(o axis
is
)
s
(o )
inclined to HP at 45 and an(q)edge
of the base
r
(q
r'
inclined to VP at 30.
)
1

60

a
'

(a)d

(a) d

HP

35

(b)
c

(o2 ) (b)
c

p (a)

q (b)

(b
)

o1(o2)
s (d)

b
'
p

Rests on edge HP
Edge condition

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

o1

(b
)

o1
(c
)

c'

300

(o2)
r (c)

o2

450

(o2 )

VP

Axis - 45 HP

s
(o2)

(c
)

d - 30 VP
Base edge

PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 2 - Solution
p
p
2. A square prism 35mm sides
of
base
and
60mm
axis
'
'
length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base
(o )
psuch
(o )that
s (q) the
r two base edgess' (q
(q
s'
containing
the
corner
)
)
on which it rests make equal inclinations
with HP.
a
a
'
Draw the projections
of the prism when
the axis is
'
r'
inclined to HP at 40 and appears to be inclined to VP
60
r'
d (b
o
d
b'
at 45.
' )
1

'

VP

40

X
a'

d(b) (o2 )

HP

c'

q (b)

c'

450

p (a)

35

o1 (o2)

r (c)

Corners (d)
HP
Corner condition

(o2)
a

o1

o1

r b

(c)

(c
)

p
s

(o2)
d

Axis - 40 HP

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

Axis - 45 VP d- apparent

PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 3 - Solution

p
3. A square prism 35mm sides
of base and 60mm
axis
'
'
length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base
s' (q
(o )
p such
(o ) that
s (q) the
r two base edges
(q
containing
the
corner
s'
)
)
on which it rests make equal inclinations
with HP.
a
a
'
Draw the projections
of the prism when
the axis is
'
r'
inclined to HP at 40 and inclined to VP at 30.
r'
60
1

d (b
' )

VP

d
'

o2

b'

400

Y
a'

d (b) (o2 )

HP

c
b

q (b)

p (a)

o1 (o2)

c'

c'

r (c)

(o2)
a

o1

300

o1

(c)

(c
)

p
locus

(o2)
35

Corners (d)
HP
Corner condition

Axis - 40 HP

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

Axis TL
d

Axis - 30 VP locus method

PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 4 - Solution

4. A square prism 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis

s'
length rests on HP on one(p)
ofs its edges ofp the base.
'
(p)
(o ) (q)
Draw
ther projections of the prism
when the axis is
s
(o )
(o )
inclined to HP at 45 and to VP at
(q)30.
r
1

60

HP

45

(o2 )

VP
(a) d

35

q (b)

o1(o2)
s (d)

(b
)

b
'
p

r (c)

o1
(c
)

c' q

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

Axis - 45 HP

300

(o2)
(c
)
d

Edge HP

o1

(b
)

(o2)

r'

o2

(b)
c

(o2 ) (b)
c

p (a)

a
'

(a)d

(q
)

Axis TL

locus

Axis - 30 VP locus

PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 5 - Solution

5. A pentagonal prism 25 mm sides of base and 60 mm

p'
p
axis length rests on HP on
one of its edges of the
p (q)which
(o ) (r)sis inclined to (q)
t'
base
VP at 30. q' Draw the
t
t
(o ')
(o )
projections of the prism when the axis is inclined to
(r)s
HP at 40.
s'
1

60

(b)e

VP
HP

(r
)

a'

a
b

(o2)

e'
o2'

400
a

(c)d

(b)e (o2 ) (c)d

q (b)

(c)

o1
(c)

o1

(o2)

o1 (o2)

(d)
(o2)

t
a

Edge on HP

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

b
s

(d)

s (d)
t (e)

300

r (c)
p (a)

c'

d'

Axis 40 to HP

Base edge 30 to VP

PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 6 - Solution

6. A pentagonal prism 25 mm sides of base and 60 mm

p
p'
axis length rests on HP on
one of its edges
of the
p (q)Draw
(o ) (r)s
t' the
base.
the projections (q)
of the prism when
t
(o ')
t
(o )
axis is inclined to HP at 40 and VP at 30.(q
1

(r)s

60

(b)e

VP
HP

a'

a
b

(o2)

s'

(r
)
e'
o2'

400
a

(b)e (o2 ) (c)d

q (b)

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

t
s

(o2)

(d)

Edge on HP

0
30

o1
(d)

o1

(c)

(o2)

s (d)
t (e)

r
p

o1 (o2)

q
(c)

d'
q

r (c)
p (a)

c'

(c)d

Axis 40 to HP

Axis TL

Axis 30 to VP

PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

locus

Problem 7 - Solution

7. A pentagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 50mm

p'
(p)t
axis length rests on HP on
one of its cornerst' of the
(p)t
(o
) (q)s that
r
base
such
the two base
the
(o ) edges containing
(o )
s'
corner on which it rests make (q)s
equal inclinations with
(q
r
HP. Draw the projections of the prism
when) the r'axis
(a) e
to
50 is inclined to HP at 40 and appears
e' be inclined to
a'
VP at 45.
o
(o )
1

VP
HP

e
s (d)

o1

(o2)

o1 (o2)

q
r

p
(c)

r (c)

45

t (e)

c'

c
b

p (a)

d'

b'

q (b)

25

(b)d

40
(a) e (o2 ) (b)d

o1

(c)

t
d

(o2)
d
e

Corner on
HP

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

Axis 40 to
HP

Axis appears - 45
to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 8 - Solution

8. A pentagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 50mm

p'
axis length rests on HP on(p)t
one of its cornerst' of the
(p)t
(o
) (q)s that
r
base
such
the two base
the
(o ) edges containing
(o )
s'
corner on which it rests make (q)s
equal inclinations with
(q
r
HP. Draw the projections of the prism
when) the r'axis
(a) e
30.e'
50 is inclined to HP at 40 and VP at a'
1

(o2 )

(b)d

VP
HP

o2

40
(a) e (o2 ) (b)d

c
b

s (d)

p
s
(c)

t
d

o1

o1

(o2)
e

t (e)

p
(c)

o1 (o2)

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

Axis 40 to
HP

(o2)
d
e

Corner on
HP

300

a
r (c)

25

c'

q (b)
p (a)

d'

b'

Axis TL

Axis 30 to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

locus

Problem 9 - Solution
p
u
9. A hexagonal prism 25mmu(p)
sides of base and
50mm
'
(o )
'
(o
)
axis
length
rests
on
HP
on
one
of
its
edges.
Draw
the
u(p)
t(q)
s(r)
t(q)
(q (o to
t'
projections of the prism when the axis is inclined
) )
HP at 45 and appears to be inclined
to
VP
at
40.
s(r)
1

f(a)

50

(o2 )
e (b)

VP
(o2 )

a
'

f(a)

e (b)

b'

o2

d(c)

d(c)

q (b)
r (c)

a
(o2)

(c p
)

t (e)

Edge on
HP

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

Axis 45 to
HP

400

(d
)

(o2)
f

o1

(c
)

r
o1

(d
)

d'

s (d)
u (f)

e'
c
'

o1 (o2)

25

s'

450

HP

p (a)

(r)

f'

Axis appears 40
to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 10 - Solution

u(p)

u
10.A hexagonal prism 25mm sides of base and
50mm
'
'
)
u(p)
(o ) s(r)
axis t(q)
length
rests on HP on (oone
of its edges of the
(q (o
t'
t(q)
base. Draw the projections of
the prism when
the
) )
axis is inclined to HP at 45 and s(r)
to VP
a at f'30.
(r)
1

'

f(a)

50

(o2 )
e (b)

VP

b'

o2

s'

e'

450

f(a)

e (b)(o2 ) d(c)

d(c)

c
'

HP
q (b)
p (a)

b
r (c)

a
(o2)

o1 (o2)

25

(c
)

t (e)

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

o1

o1

a
f

Edge on
HP

s (d)
u (f)

(d
)

Axis 45 to
HP

(o2)

u
t

300

q
(c p
)

d'

(d
)
e

Axis TL

Axis 30 to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

t locus

Problem 11 - Solution

p
11.A hexagonal prism 25mm sides of base and
50 mm
q
u(q)
u
axis
length
p
u(q) (o
) t(r) s rests on HP on one of its corners of the
)
base such that the two base(o edges
containing the
(o )
t(r)
(r)
corner on which it rests make equal
inclinations
with
a
t
(s)
a
s
f
HP. Draw the projections of the prism when
the axis
50
b
of the prism is f(b)
inclined to HP at 40
and appears to
o
be inclined to VP (o
at) 45.
1

400 e(c)

VP
HP

a f(b) (o2 )e(c) d

q
q (b)

r (c)

p (a)

s (d)

(o2)

(c
)

o1

(d
)

o1

s
p

(d p
)

o1 (o2)

u (f)

(c
)

t
u

(o2)
t (e)

Corner on
HP

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

(e)

Axis 40 to
HP

(e)

450

Axis appears 45
to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 12 - Solution

12.A hexagonal prism 25mm sides

of base (q)
and 50mm
u(q)
u
p
axis
length
u(q) (o
) t(r) s rests on HP on one of its corners of the
(o )
base such that the two base edges containing
(o ) the
t(r)
t
corner on which it rests make equal inclinations
with
a
(r)
a
s
f
HP.
Draw
the
projections
of
the
prism
when
the
axis
(s)
50
b
f(b)
of the prism is inclined to HP at 40 ando to VP at 30.
1

(o2)

HP

400 e(c)

VP

e
d

a f(b) (o2 )e(c) d

0
30

q
q (b)

r (c)

p (a)

(c
)

s (d)

(o2)

o1 (o2)

(c
)

o1

t (e)

Corner on
HP

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

(e)

Axis 40 to
HP

o1

(d
)

s
a

u (f)

(d p
)

(o2)

t
u locus

(e)
Axis TL

Axis 30 to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

a
'

Problem 13 - Solution

a
'

13.A square prism 35d (b

mm sides of base and 60 mm axis
o
b'
d base.
(o

)
)
'
length
is
suspended
freely
from
a
corner
of its
(o ) s (q)
p
r
'
Draw the projections
of
the
prism
when
the
axis
c'
appears to be inclined to VP at 45. c'
2

G
p
'

60

VP
r'

X
d(b) (o2 )

a'
HP

o1 (o2)

(q
)

(o1)
s' (q
)

r (c)
c

o2

Y
p
(o1)

b
(o1)

a
(r
)

p
o2

35

Corners (d)
condition

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

d 45
Axis appears
to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Freely suspended

s'

450

(r
)
a

(o1)

r'

q (b)

p (a)

p
'

Problem 14 - Solution
c'
14.A pentagonal prism 25mm
sides of base and
50mm
c
axis length is suspended freely
from a corner ofd' its
(b)d
(o )
(p)t
(oDraw
) (q)s the
r
(o ) the prism when the
base.
projections of
(b
(a)
axis appears to be inclined to VP at 45. )
2

50

s'

(q)s
(o1 )

VP
HP

o1 '

(p)t

p'

t'

(a) e (o2 ) (b)d c

q (b)

p (a)

b
a

o1 (o2)

o2

(t)
s

Freely suspended

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

d
(t)

(o1)

d
r

Corner condition

o2

(p)

(o1)

t (e)
s (d)

450

(p)
r (c)

25

e'

(a
)

r'

Axis appears 45
to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 15 - Solution

f(b)
f
15.A hexagonal prism 25mm
sides of baseb and 50mm
o
(o )
axis length is suspended
freely from a corner
of its
u
t
e(c)
e
(o
)
base.
Draw
the
projections of the c
prism when
the
(q)
(r)
p
s
d
axis appears to be inclined to VP at 45. d
2

(p)

G
50

p
u (q)

(q)
(o1)

(o1)

HP

t(r)

VP
a

f
(b)

(o2 )

q (b)

e d
(c)
c

s (d)

u (f)

a (s
)

d
o2

o1 (o2)

t (e)

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

(r
)

(t)

(r)

b
p

(o1)

(s) (o1)

a
(t)

o2
u

450

r (c)

p (a)

d
e

PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 16 - Solution

16.A square pyramid 35mm sides of base and 65mm

(o )
)
o of the
axis length
rests on HP on (oone
of its edges
base which is inclined to VP at 30. Draw the
projections of the
pyramid when the
axis is inclined
a
(a d
d
'
) '
65to HP at 45.
'
1

(o2)
X

VP
HP

(a)
d

450

(b
)
c

(o2 )

o2
Y
(b c'
)

300
35

o1

(o2)

(o2)

c'

b'

o1

o1

(o2)

Edge on
HP

Axis 45 to
HP

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

Base edge 30 to
VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 17 - Solution
o
17.A square
pyramid 35mm sides
o of base and 60mm
o
axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the
a
a the two base edges' containing the
base such that
'
corner
on
which
it rests make equal inclinations with
60
HP. Draw the projections
of the pyramid when the
d (b
o
d'
b'
' ) (o ) is inclined to
axis of the pyramid
HP at 40
and
VP
appears to be inclined
to VP at 45.
400
1

a'

d(b) (o2 )

HP

c'

c'

450

o1
a

35

o1 (o2)

c
a

b
(o2)

(c
)

(c)

o1
(o2)

a
d

Corner on
HP

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

Axis 40 to
HP

Axis appears 45
to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 18 - Solution

o
o
o pyramid of 35 mm sides
18.A square
of base and 60 mm
axis length rests
on HP on one of itsa corners of the
a
'
base such that' two base edges containing
the corner
60
on which it rests make equal inclinations d'with HP.
b'
d (b
Draw the projections
of
the
pyramid
when
the axis
o
' ) (o )
VP
of the pyramid is inclined
to HP at 40 and to VP at
400
X
30.
1

a'

d(b) (o2 )

HP

c'

c'
b

300

o1
b

o1 (o2)

c
a

(o2)

(c
)

(c)

o1

locus
(o2)

35

a
d

Corner on
HP

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

Axis 40 to
HP

Axis TL

Axis 30 to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 19 - Solution

19.A square
pyramid 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm
(o )
(o ) of its edges of o the

axis length rests on HP on one

base. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the
axis is inclined to HP at 45 and VP at 30.
1

60

a
'

(a)d

o2

(o2 )

VP

450

(a) d

HP

(o2 ) (b)
c

b
'

(b)
c
b

c'

300

o1

b
a

35

(o2)

o1(o2)
d

o1

locus
(o2)

c
d
Axis TL

Edge on
HP

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

Axis 45 to
HP

Axis 30 to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 20 - Solution

20.A pentagonal
pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 60
o1
mm axis length rests on HP on one
of its edgeso of
o1

base which is inclined to VP at 30. Draw the

a is inclined
projections of the pyramid when the axis
'
a
60 to HP at 40.
1

b
'

(b) e

o2

(o2)
X

400

VP
HP

(b) e (o2)

(c)
d

b
c
a

25

(o2)
(d)

d
e

Edge on
HP

(c)
d

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

Axis 40 to
HP

o1
300

(c)
a

o1(o2)

c'

o1

(c)
b
(o2)
a

(d)

Base edge 30 to
VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 21 - Solution

21.A pentagonal
pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50
o
o
o
mm axis length rests on HP on
one of its edges
of
the base. Draw the projections of the apyramid when
a
'
50 the axis is inclined to HP at 40 and VP at 30.
1

b
'

(b) e

o2

(o2)
X

400

VP
HP

(b) e (o2)

(c)
d

25

300

(c)

c
a

c'

(c)
d

o1

(c)
b
a

o1(o2)
d
e

o1

(o2)
(d)
e

locus

(o2)

(d)

a
e

Edge on
HP

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

Axis 40 to
HP

Axis TL

Axis 30 to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 22 - Solution

22.A pentagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50

mm axis
o on one of its corner of
o length rests on HP
o
the base such that two base edges containing the
corner on which it rests make equal inclinations with
e'
e
HP. Draw the (a)
projections
of the a'pyramid
when the
50
axis of the pyramid is inclined to HP at 40 and
o
(o )
appears to be inclined
to
VP
at
45.
(b)d
d'
b'
1

VP

HP

400
(a) e (o2 ) (b)d

c'

450

25

(o2)

o1 (o2)

o1

(c)

o1
(c)

(o2)
d
e

Corner on
HP

Axis 40 to
HP

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

Axis appears 45
to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 23 - Solution

23.A pentagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50

o

o
mm axis
length rests on HP oon
one of its corners
of
the base such that the two base edges containing
the corner on (a)
which
it rests makea' equal
inclinations
e'
e
50 with HP. Draw the projections of the pyramid when
(o )
o
the axis of the pyramid is inclined to HP
at 40 and
(b)d
d'
b'
VP to VP at 30.
400
1

HP

(a) e (o2 ) (b)d

b
a
c

(c)

(o2)

o1 (o2)

o1
a

o1

b
(c)

Axis 40 to
HP

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

locus

(o2)
d
e

Corner on
HP

300

a
25

c'

Axis TL

Axis 30 to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 24 - Solution

24.A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm

axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the
o
o the
base which
is inclined to VPo at 30. Draw
projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined
to HP at 45.
a'
f'
1

f'(a')

50

VP
HP

f'(a')

e'(b') d'(c')
b

(o2 )

b'

e'(b')
45

b d'(c')

(o2 )

30

(c)

e'

o2

c'

d'

(c)

25
f

o1

(o2)

o1 (o2)

d
e

Edge on
HP

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

(d)

f
e

Axis 45 to
HP

o1

(d)
(o2)

e
f

Base edge 30 to
VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 25 - Solution

25.A hexagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50

o

o
mm axis olength
rests on HP on one of its edges
of
the base. Draw the projections of the pyramid when
f' 30.
a
the axis is inclined to HP at 45 and VP
at
1

f'(a')

50

VP
HP

e'(b') d'(c')
b

'

(o2 )

b
'

e'(b')
45

b d'(c')

(o2 )

f'(a')

o2

locus

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

Axis 45 to
HP

(d
)

(o2)

e
f

Edge on
HP

o1

(c
)

o1

(d)

0
30

(c)
(o2)

o1 (o2)

d'

c
'

25

e'

Axis TL

Axis 30 to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 26 - Solution

26.A hexagonal
pyramid 25 mm sides of base and50
O
O
O of
mm axis length rests on HP on
one of its corners
the base such that the two base edges
containing
a
a
the corner on which it rests make equal binclinations
50
)
with HP. Draw b(f
the
projections of fthe pyramid when
(o )

the axis of the pyramid

is inclined to oHP
at 40 and
c
VP
e
400 c(e) to VP at 45.
appears to be inclined

a b(f ) (o2) c(e)

450

HP
f

o1

e
a

o1 (o2)
b

(d)

(o2)

25

Corner on
HP

o1

(d)

(o2)
c
b

Axis 40 to
HP

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

Axis appears 45
to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 27 - Solution
O
27.A hexagonal
pyramid 25mm sides
of base and 50mm
O
O
axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the
base such thata the two base edgesa containing the
b
corner
on
which
it
rests
make
equal
inclinations
with
50
b(f )
f
o
HP. Draw the projections
of
the
pyramid
when the
(o )
axis of the pyramid
is inclined to HP at 40 and
VP at
VP
c
e
400 c(e)

X
30.
1

a b(f ) (o2) c(e)

HP
f

e
e

o1 (o2)

(d)

300

(o2)

o1

o1

(d)
locus

(o2)
b

25

Corner on
HP

c
b

Axis 40 to
HP

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

is
Ax

Axis 30 to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

TL

Problem 28 - Solution

28.A square pyramid 35 mmc' sides of base and c'60 mm

o
axis length
is suspended freely from a corner of its
base. Draw the projections ofd(b)
the pyramid when
(o the
)
d
(o ) at 45.
axis appears to be inclined to VP
'
(b
1

60
o1
15

VP
X
a'

d(b) (o2 )

HP

a
'

a
'

o1

450

a
a

o1 (o2)

c
o1

o2

o2
d

35

Corner
condition

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

o1

Axis appears 45
to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Freely suspended

Problem 29 - Solution

29.A pentagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and

50mmo axis
length is suspended
freely from
a corner
(e) c
c
(e)
(o )
of its base. Draw the projections
of the pyramid
(o )
when the axis appears to beG inclined to VP at 45.
1

50

(a) b

o1

(a)
o1

G
X

12.5

VP
HP

(a) b (o2)(e) c

d
e

450
a

o1 (o2)

30

o1

Corner
condition

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

o2

o2
d

b
c

c
o1

Axis appears 45
to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Freely suspended

Problem 30 - Solution

30.A hexagonal pyramid 25 dmm sides of based and 50

o
mm axis
length is suspended
e(c)freely from ea corner
c of
its base. Draw the projections of the pyramid when
(o )
(o )
the axis appears to be inclined to VP at 45.
1

o1

HP

(f)

f(b)

50

VP

b
a

o1

12.5

a f(b) (o2 )e(c) d

450

f
e
c

b
o2

o1

o1 (o2)

Corner condition

o2

b
c

Freely suspended

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

o1

Axis appears 45
to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 31 - Solution
o
31.A square
pyramid 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm
axis length rests on aHP on one of its slant
a edges.
Draw the projections ' of the pyramid when ' the axis
appears to be inclined to VP at 45.
1

60

d(b)
(o2 )

o2

d
'

VP
o1

o1

X
a'

d(b) (o2 )

HP

c'

c'

450

o1
b
a

35

o1 (o2)

c
c

o2

o1
a
c

Corner condition

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

o2
d

Slant edge

Axis appears 45
to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 32 - Solution
o1

32.A square pyramid 35mm sides of base and 60 mm

a
axis length rests on aHP on one of its slant
edges.
'
'
Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is
inclined to VP at 45.
60
d(b)
(o2 )

o2

d
'

VP
X

a'

d(b) (o2 )

HP

o1

o1 Y

c'

c'
b

450
o1

o1 (o2)

c
c

o2

o1

b
a

35

locus

o2
d

Corner condition

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

Slant edge

is
Ax

Axis 45 to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

TL

Problem 33 - Solution

33.A square pyramid 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm

(o )
axis length
rests o HP on one of its slant triangular
faces. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the
axis appears to be inclined to VP at 45.
1

60

o2

(o2 )
X

VP

a
'

(a)d

o1

(b)c
(a) d

HP

(o2 ) (b)
c

o1

35

c'

450

o1
a

o1

o2

o1(o2)

b
'

b
d

o2
d
c

Edge condition

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

Slant face

Axis appears 45
to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 34 - Solution

34.A square pyramid 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm

(o )
axis length
rests o HP on one of its slant triangular
faces. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the
axis is inclined to VP at 45.
1

a
'

(a)d
60
(o2 )
X

VP

o2

o1

(b)c
(a) d

HP

(o2 ) (b)
c

35

o1
a

o1
b
d

locus

o2
d

is
Ax

Edge condition

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

450

o2

o1(o2)

c'

b
'

o1

Slant face

Axis 45 to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

TL

Problem 35 - Solution

35.A pentagonal
pyramid 25mm sides of base and
o
50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its slant
edges. Draw the projections of the pyramid
a
b when
(a) b
the axis appears to be inclined to VP at 45.
1

50

(o2)

o2

(e) c
X

VP
HP

d
(a) b (o2)(e) c

o1

o1
d

450
e

e
o1

a
d

o1 (o2)

30

o2

o1

b
c

o2

b
c

Corner condition

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

Slant edge

Axis appears 45
to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 36 - Solution

36.A pentagonal
pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50
o
mm axis length rests on HP on one of its slant
edges. Draw the projections of the pyramid
when
a
b
(a) b
the axis is inclined to VP at 45.
1

50

(o2)

o2

(e) c
X

VP
HP

d
(a) b (o2)(e) c

o1

o1
d

450

o1

e
a
o2

o1

b
c

o2

locus

TL

Corner condition

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

Slant edge

Axis 45 to VP

PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Ax
is

o1 (o2)

30

Problem 37 - Solution

37.A pentagonal
pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50
o
mm axis length rests on HP on one of its slant
triangular faces. Draw the projections
of the
a
a
'
pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined
to VP
50 at 45.
b
(b) e
e
1

'

(o2)

VP
HP

(b) e(o2)

(c)
d

o1

(c)
d

25

450

b
c

o1
a

o2

o1(o2)
d

o1
c'

b
c

o2

o1
c

a
o2

Edge condition

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

Slant face

Axis appears 45
to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 38 - Solution
o
38.A pentagonal
pyramid 25mm sides of base and
50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its slant
a
a
triangular faces. Draw
the projections
of the
'
pyramid when the axis is inclined to VP at 45.
50
1

b
'

(b) e
(o2)

VP
HP

(b) e(o2)

(c)
d

25

o2
o1

(c)
d

o1

c'

450

b
c

o1

c
a
o1

o2

o1(o2)
d

b
c

Edge condition

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

Slant face

locus

o2
e

Axis 45 to VP

PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Ax

is

TL

Problem 39 - Solution

39.A hexagonal
pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50
o
mm axis length rests on HP on one of its slant
a
a
edges. Draw the projections
when the axis appears
b
f(b)at 45.
f
to be inclined to VP
1

50

(o2 )
e(c)

VP
HP

o2

o1

o1
d

a f(b) (o2 )e(c) d

450
c

o1
b

a
o2

o1 (o2)

o1
d

Corner
condition

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

Slant edge

o2
f
e

Axis appears 45
to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 40 - Solution
o
40.A hexagonal
pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50
mm axis length rests
on HP on one ofa its slant
a
edges. Draw the projections of the bpyramid when
f(b)
f
the
axis
is
inclined
to
VP
at
45.
50
1

(o2 )

e(c)
VP

o1

o1
d

a f(b) (o2 )e(c) d

o1

o2

o1 (o2)

o1

locus

o2
f

d
e

Corner
condition

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

450

Slant edge

Axis 45 to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

TL

HP

Ax
is

o2

Problem 41 - Solution

41.A hexagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50

mm axis olength
rests on HP on one of its slant
triangular faces. Draw the projections of the
a
f
f'(a')
pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined to VP
at
50 45.
1

e'(b')(o2 )

VP
X
HP

f'(a')

e'(b') d'(c')
b

o1
c

b
c

f
e

o1

a
o2

e
d

Edge
condition

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

45

o1

o2

o1 (o2)

a
b

25

o1

d'(c')

(o2 )

o2

Slant face

f
e

Axis appears 45
to VP

PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 42 - Solution

42.A hexagonal pyramid 25mm sides of base and 50mm

o rests on HP on one of its slant triangular
axis length
faces. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the
a
f
f'(a')
axis is inclined to VP at 45.
1

50

VP
X
HP

e'(b')(o2)

f'(a')

e'(b') d'(c')
b

25

o1

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

450

o1

b
c

a
o2

Edge
condition

a
o2

o1

o1 (o2)

o1

d'(c')

(o2)

o2

Slant face

f
e

Axis 45 to VP

PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

locus

Ax

is

TL

Problem 43 - Solution

43.A cube of 40mm sides rests on HP on an edge which

(a)b
a
b
is inclined to VP at 30. Draw the projections
when
'
'
(o )
the lateral square face containing
the edge on
(o )which
(o )
(d)
(a)
itb rests makes
c an angle of 50 to HP.
1

(p) q

40
VP
X
HP

(d)
c

(o2 )
(p)
q

(o2 )

d (s)

a (p)

40

(s)
r

o1

p
'

s'

30

(s
)

r'

d
(s
a)

(o2)
(o2)

c'

q
'

o2

500
(s) r

(d
)

c
o1

o1
(r)

b (q)

c (r)

(r)

(o2)

Edge on
HP

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

Face 50 to
HP

Base edge 30 to
VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 44 - Solution

44.A tetrahedron of 55mm sides rests on one of its

b
a
O
(a) ban edge containing that corner is
corners
such that
'
'
O
o its
inclined to HP at 50 and VP at 30. Draw
55
(o )
o
projections.
1

V
P
H
P

(a)
b

500
(o2 )

300

a
o1
o1 (o2)

55

(o2)
c

(c)

o1

(c)

locus

(o2)
b

b
b

Corner on
HP

PROJECTION OF

55

Slant edge 50 to
Axis 30 to VP
HP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO
SOLIDS

Problem 45 - Solution

45.A cone o of
50mm base diameter and 60mm axis

length rests on HP on one of its generators. Draw its

projections when thea axis is inclined to VPa at 30.
1

h
b(h
)
c(g)(o )

60

o2

d(f)

VP
X

a
HP

b (o2 ) c
(h)
(g)

d e
(f)

o1

d
e

f
e

o1 (o2)
b

a
o2

o1
e

300
o1

f
50

o1

g
h

Resting on end
generator

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

o2

b
c

Axis 30 to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

locus
T
is
x
A

Problem 46 - Solution

46.A tetrahedron of sides 40mm is resting on one of its

sides ono HP. This side is parallel
to VP and
40mm
o
o
away from it. It is tilted about resting side such that
40
the
base containing this edge is inclined at
30 to
a
a
HP. Draw the projections of the solid.
1

V
P

300
a

(o2 )

(o2)

(b) c

H
P

o2
(b) c

40
o1

40

o1 (o2)

o1

(o2)

b
(o2)

Edge on
HP

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

Base 30 to
HP

Base edge parallel to

VP*
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 47 - Solution

47.A hexahedron of 30 mm sides

is resting on one
of its
r'
r'
corners on HP such that one of its solid diagonals is
q
s'
perpendicular to VP.(q s'Draw the projections
of the
)
p
r
solid.s (q)
p
'

c'

30

b
'

d (b
' )

VP
X
HP

a'

d(b)

c
q

q (b)

r (c)
p (a)

30

s (d)

Corner on
HP

PROJECTION OF

(a
)

a
'

d'
Y

a
'

p (c)
'

(a
)

Diagonal parallel to HP
Diagonal perpendicular to
VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO
SOLIDS

Problem 48 - Solution

48.A pentagonal prism of base side 25 mm and height

p'
t'
(p)t
50 mm is resting on HP on one
of its base corners
(p)t
(o
) (q)s
such
that
ther top most edge is(o )at a distance of
(o )60
(q)s
mm above HP. Draw its projections,
when its tops'
(q
r
view of the axis
is
inclined
at
45
to
VP.
) Also,
(a) e
r'
60
50 determine the inclination of the longer
a'
e'edge of the
prism to HP which contains
the resting corner.
o
(o )
1

VP
HP

(a) e (o2 ) (b)d

Y
c'

o1 (o2)

s
(c)

t
d

s (d)

o1

o1

t (e)

r
p

(c)
(o2)

450

a
r (c)

d'

b'

q (b)

25

(b)d

p (a)

(o2)
d
e

Corner on
HP

Top edge 60 mm
above HP

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

Axis appears - 45
to VP
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 49 - Solution

c'

c'

49.A square pyramid of base sides 30mm and height

60mmo is suspended by a thread tied to one of the
d(b)
(o axis
)
b
corners of its base. It is then tilted
such that
the
d
(o )
makes an angle of 45 with respect to the VP. '
G
Considering the apex of the solid to be nearer to the
45
observer, draw the projections of athe solid.
a
1

VP

'

o1

'

o1

11.25

X
a'

d(b) (o2 )

HP

450

30

o1 (o2)

o1

o2

Corner
condition

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

o2

Freely suspended

o1

is
Ax

TL

locus

45 to VP (apex)

PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO

Problem 50 - Solution

50.A cone o of
base diameter 40mm and axis length

50mm is resting on HP on a point on the

o
o
circumference of its base such that
its apex
is 40mm
a
a
b
h is inclined
above HP and its
top view of the axis
at
60 to VP. Drawb(h
the(otop
and front views of the solid.
)
c
50
40 )
g axis when
Also, determine the inclinations of the
the
o
c(g)
base
is
nearer
to
the
observer
VP
d(f)
1

a
HP

b (o2 ) c
(h)
(g)

d e
(f)

e
o1

600
g
h

40

g
f

o1 (o2)
b

d
c

On HP

PROJECTION OF

(f)
(o2)

(e)
(d)

b
c

o1

(f)
(e)

(d)

(o2)

a
b

Apex 40mm above

Axis appears 60 to
HP
VP*
PRUTHVI LOY SERRAO
SOLIDS

Thank You