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Answer B
Q2: is a lattice of proteins between homologous chromosomes that
forms during Prophase I.
Answer C
Q 4: In a diploid cell (2n = 8), how many chromatids are present during
metaphase II?
Answer D
Q 5: Peering into a light microscope, you observe that the chromosomes
in cell appear as distinct X shapes. Which of the following conclusions
is consistent with this observation?
Answer D
Q 6: Crossing over events occur during which phase of meiosis?
Answer B
Q 7: Homologous chromosomes align on the metaphase plate during ______;
sister chromatids align along the metaphase plate during
Answer A
Q 8: Haploid cells are the product of . AND ARE OFTEN GAMETES
Answer B
Q 9: Which of the following events is NOT mediated by microtubules?
Answer C
Q 10: Centrosomes are important to the process of meiosis because:
Answer C
Q 11: Which of the below is a feature of meiosis but NOT mitosis?
Answer C
Q 12: A reduction division occurs during
Answer B
Q 13: For a diploid cell (2n = 4), the number of chromosomes in each
daughter cell at the end of meiosis II is ______; the number of chromosomes
in each daughter cell at the completion of mitosis is
Answer C
Q 14: Sexual reproduction and the formation of gametes from meiotic
events contribute to the genetic variability of offspring. The genetic
variability provided by meiosis results from:
Answer B
Q 15: Comparing the meiotic divisions of different -------------light on the evolution of meiosis.
may shed
Answer protists
Q 16: In organisms with
of reproducing.
Answer
Asexual
Q 17: Sexual reproduction is advantageous over asexual reproduction
when
Answer D
Q 18: Which of these is NOT a main category of life cycles in multicellular
organisms?
Answer C
Q 19: Humans, cats, elephants, and birds fall into what category of lifecycles?
Answer A
Q20. Haploid multicellular plants are called
Answer C
Review Questions
Chromosomes are duplicated during what portion of the cell cycle?
1. G1 phase
2. S phase
3. prophase
4. prometaphase
B
Separation of the sister chromatids is a characteristic of which stage of mitosis?
1. prometaphase
2. metaphase
3. anaphase
4. telophase
C
The individual chromosomes become visible with a light microscope during which
stage of mitosis?
1. prophase
2. prometaphase
3. metaphase
4. anaphase
A
What is necessary for a cell to pass the G 2 checkpoint?
1. cell has reached a sufficient size
2. an adequate stockpile of nucleotides
3. accurate and complete DNA replication
4. proper attachment of mitotic spindle fibers to kinetochores
C
Meiosis produces ________ daughter cells.
1. two haploid
2. two diploid
3. four haploid
4. four diploid
C
What structure is most important in forming the tetrads?
1. centromere
2. synaptonemal complex
3. chiasma
4. kinetochore
B
At which stage of meiosis are sister chromatids separated from each other?
1. prophase I
2. prophase II
3. anaphase I
4. anaphase II
D
At metaphase I, homologous chromosomes are connected only at what structures?
1. chiasmata
2. recombination nodules
3. microtubules
4. kinetochores
A
3. 32
4. 64
B
The genotype XXY corresponds to:
1. Klinefelter syndrome
2. Turner syndrome
3. Triplo-X
4. Jacob syndrome
A
Abnormalities in the number of X chromosomes tend to be milder than the same
abnormalities in autosomes because of ________.
1. deletions
2. nonhomologous recombination
3. synapsis
4. X inactivation
D
Aneuploidies are deleterious for the individual because of what phenomenon?
1. nondisjunction
2. gene dosage
3. meiotic errors
4. X inactivation
B
Glossary
chiasmata
(singular, chiasma) the structure that forms at the crossover points after genetic
material is exchanged
cohesin
proteins that form a complex that seals sister chromatids together at their
centromeres until anaphase II of meiosis
crossover
exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids resulting in
chromosomes that incorporate genes from both parents of the organism
fertilization
union of two haploid cells from two individual organisms
interkinesis
(also, interphase II) brief period of rest between meiosis I and meiosis II
meiosis
a nuclear division process that results in four haploid cells
meiosis I
first round of meiotic cell division; referred to as reduction division because the
ploidy level is reduced from diploid to haploid
meiosis II
second round of meiotic cell division following meiosis I; sister chromatids are
separated into individual chromosomes, and the result is four unique haploid
cells
recombination nodules
protein assemblies formed on the synaptonemal complex that mark the points
of crossover events and mediate the multistep process of genetic recombination
between non-sister chromatids
reduction division
nuclear division that produces daughter nuclei each having one-half as many
chromosome sets as the parental nucleus; meiosis I is a reduction division
somatic cell
all the cells of a multicellular organism except the gametes or reproductive cells
spore
haploid cell that can produce a haploid multicellular organism or can fuse with
another spore to form a diploid cell
synapsis
formation of a close association between homologous chromosomes during
prophase I
synaptonemal complex
the period of the cell cycle when duplicated chromosomes are distributed into
two nuclei and the cytoplasmic contents are divided; includes mitosis and
cytokinesis
mitotic spindle
the microtubule apparatus that orchestrates the movement of chromosomes
during mitosis
prometaphase
the stage of mitosis during which mitotic spindle fibers attach to kinetochores
prophase
the stage of mitosis during which chromosomes condense and the mitotic
spindle begins to form
quiescent
describes a cell that is performing normal cell functions and has not initiated
preparations for cell division
S phase
the second, or synthesis phase, of interphase during which DNA replication
occurs
telophase
the stage of mitosis during which chromosomes arrive at opposite poles,
decondense, and are surrounded by new nuclear envelopes
binary fission
prokaryotic cell division process
FtsZ
tubulin-like protein component of the prokaryotic cytoskeleton that is important
in prokaryotic cytokinesis (name origin: Filamenting temperature-sensitive
mutant Z)
origin
(also, ORI) region of the prokaryotic chromosome where replication begins
(origin of replication)
septum
structure formed in a bacterial cell as a precursor to the separation of the cell
into two daughter cells