5/10/2015

BankersAdda:SBIPO2015:AgriculturalTechniquesinIndiaandtheconditionoffarmers,Comment

SBIPO2015:AgriculturalTechniquesinIndiaandtheconditionof
farmers,Comment
HelloReaders,
OnaccountofSBIPO2015forthepostofProbationaryOfficer,herewe
areprovidingyouallanessayon"AgriculturalTechniquesinIndiaand
theconditionoffarmers,Comment"Hopeyoulikethepost!!!
INDIAhasbeenknowntobeanAgrariancountrysincecenturies.Hergreat
physiography, climate, latitude, etc. has led to the production of great
varietiesoffoodconsumed.

Since ancient times, man has been practising agriculture and also other
activities like the animal husbandry, poultry, etc. but the difference here is
that he carried out 'Shifting Cultivation' until when the time came in that he
learnedtogrowcropsusingdifferenttechniquesononesamelandonly.This
ishowstabilitycameintotheirlife.
Agriculture has also been one of the major reasons for the British, French,
Dutch,andPortuguesetocomeandsettledowninIndiaforyears.Buttoday
the scenario has changed. Globalisation has brought in some positive and
also some negative change within society and the activities. On one hand,
thescopeofagriculturehaswidened,whileonotheritscontributiontoIndia's
totalnationalincomehascomedown.
Historicallyover80%landissuitableforraisingcropsbutover15%outofit
has been laid waste by poor management practices. The frequent climatic
changes taking place has caused damage and a great loss to the farmers
whereincommittingsuicideisfoundtobethebestsolutiontothisproblemfor
them. On the other side, some have found in new techniques and new
varieties of crops as well. Due to growing population there is more need for
food and due to urbanization there is more demand for land so producing
moreinlessavailableandcultivablelandisagreatchallenge.
Nowadays, Organic Farming, Vertical Farming, Multicrop Farming,
Greenhouse Farming, Polytunnel or Polyhouse Farming, Terrace Farming,
etc.arepractisedonalargescale.
Organic farming is an agricultural form that relies on Crop Rotation, Green
Manure, Compost, Biological Pest Control and also Mechanical Cultivation.
This helps to maintain soil quality and also limits use of synthetic fertilizers
and pesticides. The growth of market for organic products since 1990, has
ledtothedemandfororganicfarming.
Multicropfarminghelpsfarmerstoavailmoneyfromdifferenttypesofcrops
anditalsohelpstoenhancethefertilityofthesoil.Thisalmostgivesfarmers
anopportunityforcontinuousincome.
Whilegreenhousefarmingnotbeingathatverynewconcept,hasbeenused
in nurseries, floriculture industry, etc. These farms help controlled and
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5/10/2015

BankersAdda:SBIPO2015:AgriculturalTechniquesinIndiaandtheconditionoffarmers,Comment

favourableenvironmentforthecropstogrowinallseasonsandalsoreduces
consumption of irrigation water. Low cost, medium cost and hitech green
housearethedifferenttypesofgreenhousesfound.
The Polyhouse or Polytunnel farming meaning cultivating crops under
protected conditions has advantages and also disadvantages. Whereas
terrace farming is mostly carried out in city area. India has thus been since
yearsthelargestproducersofvariousagriculturalproductslikeFreshFruits,
Jute,Cotton,Rice,Wheat,Groundnuts,Tea,Coffee,etc.etc.
The major problems of farmers have been large families that is the land is
fragmentedintosmallportionsamongthefamilymemberswhichreducesits
productivitypowerandalsolessquantitygetsproduced.Seeds,excessuse
of fertilizers and pesticides, lack of irrigation method i.e less availability of
proper water, lack of skills and mechanism, etc has also been reasons
affecting farming and the farmers. There are also few economic related
problems like inadequate transport, inadequate storage, scarcity of capital,
agriculturalmarketingandmuchmore.
Thegeneralstoressellingeverytypeofproductaretakinginallcustomersof
the vendors selling their produce in general markets. This can also be
consideredasareasonforlesspricetoagriculturalproducesoldinmarkets
ascomparedtothepriceinmallsorgeneralstores.
For this scenario to be changed the farmers in India need to adopt new
techniques, the government needs to give a good price for the farmers
produce. There's a need for giving employment to people in an organised
sector and also implementing properly the various policies planned and
designed for the betterment of farmers. The farmers should be given
opportunitytocontributeintheplanningforthepoliciesforthemasaperson
whohasactualexperienceinthisfieldcanbringoutbettersolutionsthanthe
onewhohasjustseenit.

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