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THE SUNGAS
The Sunga Empire was established upon the fall of the Mauryas
Patanjalis Yoga Sutras and Mahabhasya were composed during this period
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THE SATAVAHANAS
The Satavahanas were a dynasty that ruled central India from c. 230 BCE to c. 220
t.c
CE
The Satavahanas are also known as Andhras. They were among the earliest
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adopters of Telugu
The capital cities of the Satavahanas were Kotilingala (Karimnagar), Pune, Paithan
The founder of the Satavahana dynasty was Simuka (c. 230 207 BCE)
Other important rulers of the Satavahana dynasty include Satakarni (c. 180 124
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The Satavahana king Hala (c 20 24 CE) is famous for compiling the collection of
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THE INDO-GREEKS
About Indo-Greeks
The Indo-Greeks were descendants of Greek armies that had invaded India during
and after the reign Alexander the Great
The kingdom roughly covered the region between eastern Afghanistan in the west
to Punjab in the east an northern Afghanistan in the north to Sind in the south
The Indo-Greeks combined elements of Greek and Indian languages and religions,
producing a fusion of Greek, Hindu and Buddhist practices
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THE SUNGAS
Heliodorus was the Ambassador of the Indo-Greek king Antialcidas to the court of
BhaghabadraSunga. Heliodorus is famous for erecting the Heliodorus Pillar at
Sanchi, in honour of god Vasudeva in about 110 BCE
Indo-Greek rule
Alexander the Great invaded Indian in 326 BCE, while retreating left Greek
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In about c. 180 BCE, following the collapse of the Mauryan Empire, the Greco-
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The Indo-Greek king Menander I (c. 155 130 BCE) embraced Buddhism under the
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Bactrian king Demetrius I invaded northwest India and established Indo-Greek rule
sage Nagasena
Menander I, also known as Milinda, was the most successful Indo-Greek king
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Their rule introduced features of Hellenistic art in India, which later developed into
Gandhara art
THE SUNGAS
THE INDO-SCYTHIANS
About Indo-Scythians
The Indo-Scythians were a branch of Scythians that migrated from southern Siberia
into Bactria, Afghanistan and northwest India
Indo-Scythian rule in India was established around c. 200 BCE and ended around
400 CE
The first ruler was Maues (Moga) while the last was Rudrasimha III (who belonged
to the Western Satraps)
Indo-Scythians migrated and invaded India following their nomadic flight from
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The Junagarh inscription written in 150 CE is the first major inscription to be written
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Indo-Scythian rule
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Sind
The Bimaran Casket, one of the earliest representations of the Buddha, is attributed
to Indo-Scythian king Azes II (around 15 BCE)
The Mathura Lion Capital (1st century CE) is also attributed to the Indo-Scythians
THE SUNGAS
THE INDO-PARTHIANS
The Indo-Parthians were a branch of Parthians that ruled northwestern India in the
first century CE
They ruled present day Afghanistan, Pakistan and Haryana, Punjab and Kashmir
from about 12 BCE to about 100 CE
The Indo-Parthian kingdom was established by Gondophares I
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THE KUSHANAS
The Kushan Empire ruled Bactria, western China and much of northern India in the
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t.c
The Kushans were an Indo-European people based in Bactria and western China.
They belonged to the Yuezhi tribal confederation, which was forced out from
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western China, and moved into Scythian realms in Bactria. Consequently, the
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Scythians were forced out and migrated southwards to India and westwards
The Kushan Empire was founded by KujulaKadphises in about c 60 CE
Kanishka was the most important Kushana ruler (127 CE 151 CE)
The Kushana Empire reached its maximum extent under Kanishka it extended
from north of the Oxus (Uzbekistan, Tajikistan) to Mathura, including northwest
India and Kashmir
His main capital was at Peshawar, with supplementary capitals at Taxila, Bagram
(Afghanistan) and Mathura
THE SUNGAS
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