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AllowableStress
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Stress
AllowableStress
X:Strongaxis
Y:Weakaxis
Z:Primaryaxis
Variable
Description
Rotationangleforprincipalaxesofanglesection
Crosssectionalarea
Af
Areaofcompressionflange.
As
Shearareafortubularmemberpipe
Asx
Xshearareaofprismaticmember
Asy
Yshearareaofprismaticmember
Widthofmember(bd)
b0
Distancefromneutralaxistoedgeofweb:
be
Effectivewidthofstructuraltubingmember
bf
Widthofflange.
Cb
Bendingcoefficientdependentuponmomentgradient(sectionF).
Cc
Columnslendernessratioseparatingelasticandinelasticbuckling(sectionE).
Cmx,
Cmx
Coefficientappliedtobendingtermininteractionequation(sectionH).
Depthofmember(db)
Modulusofelasticity
E0
Distanceoftheshearcenterfromcenterlineofwebforchannel:
E0=e0+tw/2
Fa
Maximumallowablecompressivestress
Fb
Maximumallowablebendingstress
Fbx
Maximumallowablestrongaxisbendingstress
Fby
Maximumallowableweakaxisbendingstress
Fex,Fey
Eulerstressforaprismaticmemberdividedbyfactorofsafety.
Ft
Maximumallowabletensilestress
Fy
Yieldstress
Maximumallowableshearstress
fa
Computedaxialstress(eithertensionorcompression,bothtakenaspositive)
fb
Computedbendingstress(takenasapositivequantity)
fbx
Computedstrongaxisbendingstress
fby
Computedweakaxisbendingstress
fx
ComputedshearstressinXdirection
fy
ComputedshearstressinYdirection
CleardistancebetweenflangesinIshapedmembers:
h=d2tf
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AllowableStress
Ix,Iy
Momentsofinertiaaboutprincipalaxes
Iu,Iv
Momentsofinertiaaboutprincipalaxesofanglesectionmember
Effectivelengthfactorforprismaticmember
Distancebetweencrosssectionsbracedagainsttwistorlateraldisplacementofthecompressionflange.
Lb
Laterallyunsupportedlengthofthecompressionflange.
Lc
Maximumunbracedlengthofthecompressionflange.
LxLy
LinXandYdirections
M1,M2
Smallerandlargermomentatendofunbracedlength,respectively.
Axialforceload
Governingradiusofgyration
rT
Radiusofgyrationofasectioncomprisingthecompressionflangeplus1/3ofthecompressionwebarea,
takenaboutanaxisintheplaneoftheweb
rx,ry
Radiusofgyrationaboutprincipalaxes.
Thickness
tf
Thicknessofflange
U,V
Principalaxesofanglesectionmember
u,v
Distancesfromprincipalaxes
x,y
Offsetsofcentroidofanglesection
AllowableStresses:
Xisthestrongaxis,andYistheweakaxisforallIshapedandmembersandchannels.Teescanhaveeitheraxisastheir
strongaxis.
1.StrongAxisBendingStress
Membersloadedalongtheirweakaxis,Y(bentabouttheirstrongaxis,X).
ThismaximumallowablestrongaxisbendingstressisreferredtoasFbinthissection.
Twocategoriesareconsidered:
I.Ishapedmembers,teesandchannels
II.Pipesandstructuraltubing,includingsquareandrectangularductsandpipes
1.A.Memberswithcompactsections:
CategoryI.Ishapedmembers,teesandchannelsSectionF1.1
Includesteeswithcompactflanges.
TeesloadedalongthenXaxisarenotconsidered,inthiscodecheck.
Applicable to all Ishaped and members and channels, and tees with Ixx > Iyy. Tees with Ixx Iyy are not
consideredincodecheck.
Theallowablebendingstressis
Fb=0.66Fy
(F11)
withtheconstraintthatLbLc,whichisgivenbythesmallerof:
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AllowableStress
(F12)
CategoryII.PipesandstructuraltubingSectionF3.1
Theallowablebendingstressis
Fb=0.66Fy
(F31)
subjecttothefollowingconditions:
Rectangularmemberscannothaveadepthgreaterthan6timesthewidth.
LbLc,whereLcisgivenby
(F32)
except,thatLcneednotbelessthan1200(b/Fy),M1isthesmallerandM2isthelargestbendingmomentsaboutthe
endsoftheunbracedlength,takenaboutthestrongaxis.
1.B.Memberswithnoncompactsections:
Must satisfy constraint, Lb Lc (F12) or (F32), including that rectangular members cannot have a depth
greaterthan6timesthewidth.
Includesteeswithnoncompactflanges.
TeesloadedalongtheXaxisarenotconsidered.
CategoryI.Ishapedmembers,teesandchannelsSectionF1.2
(F13)
CategoryII.PipesandstructuraltubingSectionF3.2
Fb=0.60Fy
(F33)
1.C.MemberswithcompactornoncompactsectionswithLb >Lc:
ThesectionisonlyapplicabletoCategoryI.Ishapedmembers,teesandchannels.
Ifmemberisintension,
Fb=0.60Fy
(F15)
Ifmemberisincompression,theallowablebendingstressisdeterminedasthelargervaluefromequations(F16)or
(F17)and(F18),withtheexceptions:
Onlyequation(F18)isusedforchannels.
Noneoftheseequationsapplytoteesincompression,thussuchteesarenotconsidered.
When
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AllowableStress
(F16)
When
(F17)
ForanyvalueofL/rT :
(F18)
Cbisconservativelytakenasunity(1.0)inequations(F16),(F17)and(F18).
2.WeakAxisBendingStress
The section is only applicable to Category I. Ishaped members, tees, channels and solid bars (prismatic
members).
CategoryII.StructuraltubinginthiscategoryusesamevalueofFbfoundfortheirstrongaxisfortheirweakaxis.
A.Membersloadedalongtheirstrongaxis,X(bentabouttheirweakaxis,Y).
ThisweakallowablestrongaxisbendingstressisreferredtoasFby,yetinthissectionitislabeledasFb.
B.ApplicabletoallIshapedmembersallothersarenotconsidered.
2.A.Memberswithcompactsections:SectionF2.1
Fb=0.75Fy
(F21)
2.B.Memberswithnoncompactsections:SectionF2.2
(F23)
3.TensileStress
Ft=0.60Fy
SectionD1
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AllowableStress
4.CompressiveStress
SectionE2
(E21)
whereKL/risthelargestofKLx/rxandKLy/ry,whichareequalforpipesandsquares,
and
(E22)
5.CombinedStress
ChapterH
5.A.Axialcompressionandbending:
Thefollowingrequirementsmustbesatisfiedformembersexperiencingbothaxialcompressionandbending:
(H11)
(H12)
Whenfa/Fa0.15,Equation(H13)isusedinlieuofEquations(H11)and(H12).
(H13)
Thecoefficients,alsoknownastheEulerstressdividedbysafetyfactor,FexandFeyaregivenbythefollowing:
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AllowableStress
ThecoefficientsCmxandCmyhaveadefaultvalueof0.85.
5.B.Axialtensionandbending:
Thefollowingrequirementsmustbesatisfiedformembersexperiencingbothaxialtensionandbending:
(H21)
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