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Abstract
In order to lighten the prestressed concrete solid members, nowadays, it is possible to make use of the advantage of HPC (fc'>60
MPa) as well as replacing the solid section with a PSC thin-walled section for certain members such as circular and box columns.
Using the strength theory of ACI, a numerical procedure along with a computer program was developed for the analysis of such
sections subjected to axial compression or tension load and bending moments. The program solves for all possible variables such
as, concrete compressive strength (fc'= 60-100 MPa), type of prestressed steel, concrete cover, ratio of wall thickness to the section
dimensions and the PS steel arrangements to satisfy the given loading cases, thus leading to an optimal cost solution. However,
since the cross section is thin-walled circular or box and the PS steel is located at discrete points along the periphery of a circle
or rectangle, the equations of equilibrium are complex for hand computations (especially for circular section) but suitable for
computer program. So, by use of MATLAB software the interaction diagrams were also drawn for the analysis of such sections
for all mentioned variables. The use of prestressed thin-walled column diagrams is a safe and easy tool for the analysis of such
columns. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method is demonstrated by comparing its results to those of the available
experimental values and is indicate that the proposed method predict very well the capacity of prestressed thin-walled column.
Keywords: Analysis, Prestressed HPC, Thin-walled columns, Interaction diagrams.
1. Introduction
With the rapid development of concrete technology in recent
years, higher strength concrete can be produced much more
easily than before. Since 1980, several investigations on
mechanical properties and structural behavior of high strength
concrete (HSC) have been reported [1-5]. Considering several
advantages of HSC, nowadays, this type of concrete is widely
accepted and is used in reinforced concrete (RC) structures.
Current knowledge of HSC shows that there are definite
advantages, both technical and economical in using HSC in
structures. Greater strength per unit cost and per unit weight,
increased modules of elasticity and reduced shrinkage and
creep are some of these advantages. These factors are more
important when calculating the losses of prestressed (PS)
concrete forces.
Considering PS concrete, the concrete will resist a large
* Corresponding Author: h.mazandaran@umz.ac.ir
1 Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering at University of
Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Civil Engineering at Kerman University,
Kerman, Iran
Calculate pe
Calculate pe
=0
=0
X=D-
X=b-
Calculate 1 X
Calculate i
Calculate 1 X
Calculate i
=+
=+
Calculate Ti
Calculate Fc
Calculate Ti
Calculate Fc
Calculate Pn, Mn
Calculate Pn, Mn
NO
NO
If X<0.001
If X<0.001
YES
YES
Plot figure
Plot figure
Fig. 1. Flow chart for the computer program for interaction diagram
of PS thin-walled circular columns
Fig. 2. Flow chart for the computer program for interaction diagram
PS thin-walled box columns
f
fpu
fpy
pu
py
(
)
(
)
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265
a) Cross section
a=0.85
(1)
b1=1.09-0.008 fc'
MPa
K3 =0.6+10 / fc'
MPa
0.65b10.85
K30.85
(2)
(3)
Te
+ sh + cc
Ec Ag
cc = Ctu
(4)
Te
Ec
(5)
c) Force distribution
a) Cross section
c) Force distribution
266
pe =
f pe
Ep
Te
Ap E p
P0=Fc+Ti
or
P0=K3fc'(Ag -Ap) + ApEpl (pe -0.003+ce)
(9)
(10)
Where, Ap and Ag are total PS steel area and the gross cross
sectional area of column respectively.
(6)
3.1.1 Thin-walled circular column
(8)
(11)
D sin 3
3( sin cos )
= Arc cos(1
(12)
2 1 x
)
D
(13)
x=
D2
( D 2t ) 2
(1 sin 1 cos 1 )
( 2 sin 2 cos 2 )
4
4
D 3 sin 3 1 ( D 2t ) 3 sin 3 2
(15)
2 1 x
)
D
(16)
D / 2 1 x
)
D/2 t
(17)
1 = Arc cos(1
2 = Arc cos(
(14)
c
Fig. 7. Different positions of x in PS thin-walled circular column
267
Ac =2ah+2bh-4h2
(33)
(34)
Ac =
D2
( D 2t ) 2
(1 sin 1 cos1 )
( 2 sin 2 cos 2 )
4
4
(18)
x0=b /2
x=
D 3 sin 3 1 ( D 2t ) 3 sin 3 2
3[D (1 sin 1 cos1 ) ( D 2t ) 2 ( 2 sin 2 co 2 )]
(19)
(20)
Fc=a.fc' Ac
1 = / 2 + Arc sin(
2 = / 2 + Arc sin(
21 x
1)
D
1 x
D
2)
(21)
D
t
2
x=
D2
( D 2t ) 2
( sin cos )
4
4
3[ D ( sin cos ) ( D 2t ) ]
8
(22)
(23)
Mn = Mc + Mps
(37)
Ac=p (tD - t2 )
x =0
(24)
n
b
x 0 ) + T s i ( b / 2 d i )
2
i =1
(39)
(25)
(27)
8 4
(28)
a: section width
b) If hb1xb- h:
a ( 1 x) 2 (a 2h)( 1 x h)(h + 1 x)
2(( 1 xa ) (a 2h)( 1 x h ))
(38)
(26)
Ac=ah + 2hb1x-2h2
M n = Fc x + T s i ( D / 2 d i )
i =1
e) If D <b1 x
x0 =
(36)
i =1
D 3 sin 3
2
p n = Fc Ti
(35)
n
(29)
(30)
c) If b-hb1xb :
4
268
7
(32)
27.5
25
= 0.01
20
e/D=0.1
15
10
7.5
e/D=0.1
20
e/D=0.2
12.5
= 0.04
17.5
15
12.5
10
7.5
5
2.5
= 0.07
2.5
0
0
0.25
t/D=0.2
f c =70 Mpa
No.=8
Grade145
15.88
e/D=0.2
=0.8
22.5
WA 4.8&
& 4.98
=0.8
Pn/D (Mpa)
17.5
= 0.01
25
Pn /D (MPa)
22.5
t/D=0.2
f c =70 Mpa
No.=8
0.5
0.75
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.25
2.5
2.75
3.25
3.5
0
0
Mn/D (Mpa)
M n /D (MPa)
27.5
27.5
t/D=0.2
f c =70 Mpa
No.=8
= 0.01
22.5
15
BA 4.98&6.35
=0.8
e/D=0.1
= 0.02
e/D=0.2
= 0.03
12.5
10
= 0.04
7.5
17.5
15
e/D=0.2
12.5
10
7.5
= 0.06
2.5
t/D=0.2
f c =70 Mpa
No.=8
Grade160
15.88
=0.8
e/D=0.1
20
Pn/D (Mpa)
20
17.5
= 0.01
25
22.5
Pn /D (Mpa)
25
2.5
0
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.25
1.5
1.75
3
Mn/D
2.25
2.5
2.75
3.25
3.5
(Mpa)
M n /D (Mpa)
= 0.01
30
27.5
t/D=0.2
f c =70 Mpa
No.=8
Grade250
9.53
=0.8
= 0.01
22.5
Pn /D (MPa)
20
e/D=0.1
17.5
15
h/a=0.2
h/b=0.2
f c =70 Mpa
No.=8
e/b=0.1
25
22.5
Pn /ab (Mpa)
25
27.5
e/D=0.2
12.5
& 4.98
e/b=0.2 WA 4.8&
20
=0.8
17.5
15
12.5
10
= 0.04
7.5
10
7.5
2.5
= 0.04
2.5
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 2.5 2.75 3 3.25 3.5 3.75 4 4.25 4.5 4.75 5 5.25 5.5 5.75 6
0
0
0.25
0.5 0.75
1.25
1.5 1.75
2
3
2.25
2.5 2.75
3.25
3.5 3.75
M n /ab2 (Mpa)
M n /D (MPa)
25
Pn /D (Mpa)
e/D=0.1
15
e/b=0.1
25
22.5
e/D=0.2
12.5
=0.01
27.5
Pn/ab (Mpa)
20
17.5
30
t/D=0.2
f c =70 Mpa
No.=8
Grade270
9.53
=0.8
= 0.01
22.5
10
20
e/b=0.2
17.5
15
12.5
=0.04
10
7.5
h/a=0.2
h/b=0.2
f /c =70 Mpa
No.=8
BA4.98&6.35
=0.8
7.5
= 0.04
2.5
2.5
0
0
0.25 0.5
0.75
1.25 1.5
1.75
3.25 3.5
M n/ab
(Mpa)
M n/D (Mpa)
269
30
= 0.01
25
22.5
P n/ab (Mpa)
32.5
h/a=0.2
h/b=0.2
f c =70 Mpa
No.=8
Grade250
9.53
=0.8
e/b=0.1
20
25
15
12.5
20
e/b=0.2
17.5
h/a=0.2
h/b=0.2
f c =70 Mpa
No.=8
Grade145
15.88
=0.8
15
12.5
10
7.5
e/b=0.1
22.5
e/b=0.2
17.5
= 0.01
30
27.5
P n /ab (M p a )
27.5
10
= 0.04
7.5
5
= 0.07
2.5
2.5
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 2.5 2.75 3 3.25 3.5 3.75 4 4.25 4.5 4.75 5 5.25 5.5 5.75 6 6.25 6.5
2
Mn /ab (Mpa)
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 2.5 2.75 3 3.25 3.5 3.75 4 4.25 4.5 4.75 5 5.25 5.5 5.75 6
M n/ab (Mpa)
32.5
30
27.5
25
= 0.01
e/b=0.1
Pn /ab(Mpa)
22.5
20
e/b=0.2
17.5
15
h/a=0.2
h/b=0.2
f c =70 Mpa
No.=8
Grade270
9.53
=0.8
h/a=0.2
h/b=0.2
f c =70 Mpa
No.=8
Grade160
15.88
=0.8
15
12.5
10
10
7.5
= 0.04
e/b=0.2
20
17.5
7.5
2.5
e/b=0.1
25
22.5
12.5
= 0.01
27.5
P n /a b (M pa)
30
= 0.06
1
2.5
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 2.5 2.75 3 3.25 3.5 3.75 4 4.25 4.5 4.75 5 5.25 5.5
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 2.5 2.75 3 3.25 3.5 3.75 4 4.25 4.5 4.75 5 5.25 5.5 5.75 6 6.25 6.5
2
M n /ab (Mpa)
M n /ab (Mpa)
Table 2. Maximum allowable amount of PS steel (for r =1%) for different PS steel types (thin-walled circular column)
*)
2
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Table 3. Maximum allowable amount of PS steel (for r=1%) for different PS steel types (thin-walled box column
*)
2
6
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271
*)
2
400
Lateral Load (kN)
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
50
100
150
5.Conclusions
i) In this study first; equations which are related to the
analysis of prestressed HPC thin-walled circular and box
columns were obtained and then the column interaction
diagrams for different variable were drawn.
ii) For different type of prestressed steels, maximum
allowable PS steel amount were obtained for HPC thin-walled
circular and box columns. If the amount of PS steel used in
column section is more than allowable amount, the column
will be located in tension control zone.
iii) For circular and box thin-walled column; maximum
allowable PS steel amount for rounded wires of type BA, for
rounded wires of type WA, for stranded cables of type
Grade250 with diameter 9.53mm, for stranded cables of type
Grade270 with diameter 9.53mm, for Alloy Steel Bars of type
Grade145 with diameter 15.88mm and for Alloy Steel Bars of
type Grade160 with diameter 15.88mm were obtained 4%,
4%, 4%, 4%, 7% and 6% respectively.
iv) The use of such diagrams is a safe and easy tool for the
analysis of prestressed HPC thin-walled circular and box
columns.
v) The comparison of experimental and analytical result
indicate that, the proposed method predict very well the
capacity of prestressed thin-walled column.
References
[1]
7000
Analytical
5000
Load (kN)
[2]
Experimental
6000
[3]
4000
3000
[4]
2000
1000
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Moment (kN.m)
272
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
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273