Alicia Alonso

Chemistry Study Guide 1

I.

Properties of acids and bases

a. Properties of acids
i. pH less than 7
ii. Tastes sour
iii. Conducts electricity
iv. Reacts and neutralizes bases to produce salt and water
v. Reacts with some metals to form salt and hydrogen gas
vi. Acids dissolve in water
vii. Corrosive
viii. Acids behave like acids when dissolved in water
ix. Litmus paper goes from blue to red
b. Properties of bases
i. pH greater than 7
ii. Tastes bitter
iii. Conducts electricity
iv. Feels slippery
v. Reacts and neutralizes acids to form salt and water
vi. Reacts with oils and fats
vii. Corrosive
viii. Releases a hydroxyl when dissolved in water (OH--)
ix. If a base dissolves in water, it is an alkali
x. Turns litmus paper red to blue

II.

Definitions of acids and bases

a. Definitions of acids (acids= H+)
i. Acids are substances which (when dissolved in water)
produce hydrogen ions in solutions (OH+)
ii. An acid is a proton donor
iii. An acid is an electron pair acceptor
b. Theoretical definitions of bases
i. Bases dissolve in water to produce hydroxide ions (OH--)
ii. A base is a proton acceptor
iii. A base is an electron pair donor
c. Difference between bases and alkalis
i. Bases that dissolve in water are called alkalis

III.

Identifying strong acids

a. HCl= hydrochloric acid
i. Forms chloride salts
b. H2SO4= sulfuric acid
i. Forms sulfates salts
c. HNO3= nitric acid
i. Forms nitrates salts

Alicia Alonso

IV.

V.

VI.

Identifying bases
a. If something ends in OH, its an alkali or base
b. If something ends in OH its a hydroxide
Four ways that an acid can be neutralized
a. Acid + metal salt + hydrogen
i. Eg. HCl + Mg MgCl2 + H2
b. Acid + Carbonate Salt + water + carbon dioxide
i. Eg. HCl + MgCO3 MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
c. Acid + alkali (any hydroxide is an alkali) Salt + water
i. Eg. HCl + Mg(OH)2 MgCl2 + H2O
d. Acid + bases Salt + water
i. Eg. HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
Complete an equation for neutralizing an acid (practice below)
a. HCl (hydrochloric acid) chloride salts (end in Cl)
b. H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) sulfates (end in SO4)
c. HNO3 (nitric acid) nitrates (NO3--)

VII.

The pH scale and pOH scale

a. pH scale
i. 1-3= Strong acid
ii. 4-6= Weak acid
iii. 7= neutral
iv. 8-10= Weak base
v. 11-14= Strong base
b. pOH scale
i. 1-3= Strong base
ii. 4-6= Weak base
iii. 7= neutral
iv. 8-10= Weak acid
v. 11-14= Strong acid

VIII.

The equations for pH, pOH, H+ and OHa. pH=-log[H+]

b. pOH= -log[OH-]
c. [H+] = 2nd log (-pH)
d. [OH-] = 2nd log [-pOH]
e. pH +pOH = 14

IX.

X.

Equation practice (practice below)

a. Given either pH, pOH, [H+], [OH--], find out the rest
Other

Alicia Alonso
a. Difference between a strong acid and concentrated acid
i. Strength of acid depends on degree of dissociation
ii. Concentration is the amount of acid per unit volume
b. Dissociation
i. The splitting of a molecule into smaller atoms, elements, or
ions
Practice
I. Neutralizing Acids in 4 ways
a. Fill in the blanks:
i. HNO3 + ___ NaNo3 + CO2 + H2O
ii. ____ + Ca (OH)2 CaSO4 + ____
iii. ___ + ____ PbSO4 +H2
II.
pH, pOH, H+, OH
a. Fill in the blanks:
pH
pOH
[H+]

[OH--]

5
9
1.3 x10-3
3.3 x 10-4
a. 2.96 x 10-3 M HNO3
i. pH=
ii. pOH=
iii. [H+]=
iv. [OH-]=
b. 7.2 x 10-2 M NaOH (you know its a metal + hydroxide)
i. pH=
ii. pOH=
iii. [H+]=
iv. [OH-]=