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Entropy
Entropy = Transformability
Entropy
Gives the quantitative significance of the II law
It is the measure of the spontaneous
behaviour of processes
It is the measure of unavailability or
degradation of energy
It is a state function
It is an intrinsic property.. Not affected by
motion or external position of the body
Entropy
It is affected by the
nature of matter under consideration and
state in which it exists
Entropy
For measuring entropy, nature of the process
should be known reversible or irreversible
Maximum degradation occurs when the
process is reversible
Entropy
Entropy change
dS
dQR
dT
Carnot cycle
1-2: Reversible isothermal
heat absorption
2-3 : Reversible adiabatic
compression
3-4 : Reversible isothermal
heat rejection
4-1 : Reversible adiabatic
compresssion
T1
T2
T1 T2
T1
HV
T
T2
CV ln
T1
V2
R ln
V1
T2
C P ln
T1
P2
R ln
P1
T2
CV ln
T1
T2
C P ln
T1
Isothermal process
S
V2
R ln
V1
P1
R ln
P2
xi ln xi
Gibbs Paradox
When two intermingling gases are
mixed for equimolar mixture, the
entropy change is
S = R ln 2
This is true as long as the gases are
different. If the gases are same, then
the entropy change on mixing is zero.
This is called Gibbs paradox.
J. W. Gibbs
S = S Products S Reactants
Lost work
Wlost = T0 ( S)Total
where ,
T0 is the temperature of the surrounding
Significance
To calculate the absolute entropy of
substances
Tf
C Ps dT
T
0
HF
Tf
Tb
C PL dT
T
Tf
HV
Tf
C PG dT
T
Tb
Refrigerator