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AGITATION
Abstract This experiment gives an insight to
systems involving agitation. Using different
tank and impeller geometries, as well as the
fluid property, the power requirement to drive
an impeller is to be determined in this
experiment.
1. INTRODUCTION
Mixing of fluids is a discipline of fluid mechanics. Fluid
motion is used to accelerate the otherwise slow processes
of diffusion and conduction to bring about uniformity of
concentration and temperature, blend materials, facilitate
chemical reactions, bring about intimate contact of multiple
phases, and so on.
Agitation refers to forcing a fluid by mechanical means
to flow in a circulatory or other pattern inside a vessel.
Agitators usually consist of an impeller and a shaft. An
impeller is a rotor located within a tube or conduit attached
to the shaft. It helps enhance the pressure in order for the
flow of a fluid be done. Modern industrial agitators
incorporate process control to maintain better control over
the mixing process. For this experiment we are to
determine the power requirement of different impellers
derived from fluid properties and tank and impeller
geometry.
Fig. 1
There are three different types of impellers that can be
used in agitation. A propeller is an axial-flow, high-speed
impeller for liquids of low viscosity. A paddle is for simpler
agitation problems. Paddles turn at slow to moderate speeds
in the center of a vessel; they push the liquid radially and
tangentially with almost no vertical motion at the impeller
unless the blades are pitched. While turbines are effective
over a very wide range of viscosities.
5.
Experiment No. 1
Diffusion of Liquids through Stagnant Non-Diffusing Air
Reynolds number can be correlated to the power number to
get the power requirement using a graph of Reynolds
number, power number and the type of impeller used, as
shown in Fig 3.
Fig. 2
For a given impeller and tank geometry, the impeller
Reynolds number determines the flow pattern in the tank:
Fig 3
D2 N
=
2.
Apparatus:
Materials:
Impeller
Water
Tachometer
Meterstick
18 inches Tank
Zeny N. Naranjo, Chemical Engineering Department, Technological
Institute of the Philippines/ College of Engineering and Architecture,
Manila, Philippines, 09351947136 (e-mail: chinnaranjo@gmail.com).
NP=
P gc
N 3 D5
METHODOLOGY
WITH BAFFLE:
Marine Impeller
Time
30s
60s
90s
Trial
1
11.00
13.47
15.97
Trial
2
9.83
12.57
12.68
Trial
3
10.63
8.63
12.63
120s
15.87
18.07
11.69
Ave.
rps
14.08
13.29
10.90
4 Blade Paddle
Impeller
Trial
Trial
Trial
1
2
3
7.03
7.57
7.17
7.65
7.10
8.27
8.09
7.67
10.0
0
8.43
9.70
10.3
9
7.80
8.01
8.96
4.
T H 2 O=30 C
=995.602
Marine Impeller
Trial 1
Trial 2
N 256983.
P
kg
m3
4
=8.196 x 10
89
26.99 W
220949.
25
17.15 W
Trial 3
234225.
17
20.44 W
Pave .=21.53 W
kgm
s2
Ti
me
N 124731.
P
66
13.47 W
136551.
62
17.68 W
173877.
81
36.49 W
WITHOUT BAFFLE:
Marine Impeller
Time
30s
60s
90s
120s
Ave.
rps
Trial
1
10.03
11.42
11.00
10.92
10.84
Trial
2
9.37
9.85
8.92
9.13
9.32
Trial
3
9.73
9.90
9.79
10.08
9.88
Pave .=22.55 W
4 Blade Paddle
Impeller
Trial
Trial
Trial
1
2
3
4.27
4.93
4.68
3.88
4.22
4.68
3.93
4.14
6.33
3.97
4.26
6.71
4.01
4.39
5.60
WITH BAFFLE:
Ti
me
Marine Impeller
Trial 1
Trial 2
N 333794.
P
58
59.15 W
315066.
05
49.74 W
Trial 3
258406.
31
27.44 W
Experiment No. 1
Diffusion of Liquids through Stagnant Non-Diffusing Air
Pave .=45.44 W
Ti
me
a.
N 242620.
19
P
99.15 W
249152.
28
107.37
W
Given:
Find:
Da = 0.61m
Dt 1.83 m
278702.
17
150.28
W
W 0.122 m
J 0.15 m
Pave .=118.93 W
90
1.50 rev/s
60
929 kg/m 3
N
5.
3.
Solution:
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
N Re
2.
D a2 N (0.61) 2 (1.50)(929)
51852.135
0.01
For
Da / W 5 and Dt / J 12
N p 5 for N Re 51852.135
Np
Pg c
N 3 Da5
P (1)
(929)(1.50) 3 (0.61) 5
P 1324 J/s 1.324 kW (1.77 hp)
b.
N Re
51.85
10
Np = 4
Np
Pg c
N 3 Da5
P (1)
4
(929)(1.50) 3 (0.61) 5
P 1059 J / s 1.059kW 1.42hP