INTEGRITY

to be straightforward and honest in all professional and

business relationships

implies fair dealing and truthfulness

A professional accountant shall not knowingly be associated

with reports, returns, communications or other information
where the professional accountant believes that the information:

Contains statements or information furnished recklessly

Omits or obscures information required to be included
Contains a materially false or misleading statement

where such omission or obscurity would be misleading

OBJECTIVITY

to not allow bias, conflict of interest or undue influence

of others to override professional or business judgments

(not to compromise)

A professional accountant shall not perform a professional

service if a circumstance or relationship biases or unduly
influences the accountants professional judgment with respect
to that service.
When a professional accountant (impairment of objectivity)

in public practice competes directly with a client

has a joint venture or similar arrangement with

a major

competitor of a client

in public practice performs services for clients whose interests

are in conflict or the clients are in dispute with each other in
relation to the matter or transaction in question

PROF. COMPETENCE

AND DUE CARE

to maintain professional knowledge and skill at the

level required to ensure that clients or employers receive

competent professional service

to act diligently in accordance with applicable technical

and professional standards when providing professional

services, carefully, thoroughly and on a timely basis
Competent professional service requires the exercise of sound
judgment in applying professional knowledge and skill in the
performance of such service.
Continuing professional development enables a professional
accountant to develop and maintain the capabilities to perform
competently within the professional environment.

CONFIDENTIALITY
to refrain from:

disclosing outside the firm or employing organization

confidential information acquired as a result of professional

and business relationships without proper and specific
authority or unless there is a legal or professional right or
duty to disclose

using confidential information acquired as a result of

professional and business relationships to their personal

advantage or the advantage of third parties.
A P.A. shall maintain confidentiality of information

within the firm or employing organization

disclosed by a prospective client or employer

The need to comply with the principle of confidentiality continues

even after the end of relationships between a P.A. and a client or
employer.

PROFESSIONAL BEHAVIOR

to comply with relevant laws and regulations

to avoid any action that discredits the profession

Professional Accountants:

shall not bring the profession into disrepute

shall be honest and truthful and not:

make exaggerated claims for the services they are

o
able to offer, the qualifications they possess, or
experience they have gained

make disparaging references or unsubstantiated

comparisons to the work of others.

FUNDAMENTAL
PRINCIPLES OF
PROFESSIONAL

ETHICS FOR
PROFESSIONAL
ACCOUNTANTS