pe 4 MORPHY’S GAMES: SELECTION OF THE BEST GAMES PLAYED BY THE DISTINGUISHED CHAMPION, : 4S gurl Lae In on Sear “i with ANALYTICAL AND CRITICAL NOTES BY J. LOWENTHAL. Ot NEW YORK: D. APPLETON AND COMPANY, $46 & 3 BROADWAY. LONDON: 16 LITTLE BRITAIN. 1860. mins N — tT \ eeuJIC DEDICATED, PAR GREATEST ve sera Pavan CHESS PLAYERS OF EUROPE - Neds s ‘THEIR HUWBLE sxxvalr, ‘ J. LOWENTHAL.TO THE READER. Many friends, both in Europe and America, have fre- quently urged me to arrange a collection of my games, which they assured me would meet with kindly reception ‘from chess-players generally. But continued contests during the past twelve months would have precluded my concurring with so flattering a request, had it not been for the assistance rendered me by my friend Herr Lowen- thal. The copious notes with which this volume is en- riched are mainly due to his well-earned reputation and assiduity as an analyst, and will amply repay perusal from every lover of our noble game. In the arrangement of this work, a rule has been adopted of giving, as far as possible, the best of my games, This rule, however, has been ignored in respect to matches and blindfold contests, which it was thought advisable to give entire. Thus many parties are intro- duced which might otherwise have been omitted, and Bvi TO THE READER. others are wanting which would, perhaps, have advan- tageously replaced them. It is for the reader to express his opinion on the judiciousness of the selection, and I solicit his courteous consideration for the work now before him, (Signed) PAUL MORPHY.PREFACE. Tue editor of the following pages avails himself of the opportunity which custom sanctions, and in a short preface desires to make one or two apologies or.explana- tions for his own share in the work. He is quite sure that a collection of Paul Morphy’s best games will be a welcome addition to the annals and literature of chess ; but he is not so well persuaded that the task of analyzing and publishing these games has fallen into the best hands. As, however, the duty was in some degree an involuntary one; as he brought to its discharge an admiration for the player, an enthusiasm for the cause of chess; and as he devoted many successive weeks of close and patient, although cheerful toil, to render the work in all respects worthy of a permanent place in the library of every chess- player, he hopes to run the gauntlet of criticism without serious detriment to such reputation as he may have earned by former labors for the honor of Caissa. The circumstances which led to the present publica- tion may be briefly told. The editor was often urged by members of the metropolitan clubs to publish a col-vill PREFACE. lection of Mr. Morphy’s games, but hesitated to do so until Mr, Morphy gave his permission, and very gener- ously promised to render all the assistance in his power. Tt was then impossible to resist the flattering suggestion. The editor at once earnestly set about the work, and he is happy in being able to return his very hearty thanks to the American champion for the liberal aid he extended towards the prosecution of the arduous enterprise so long as he remained in England. This volume is now before the public, and it is for them to judge of its merits by its own internal evidence and this explanation. It is only necessary to add that the editor, in analyzing the games, has necessarily availed himself of the works of previous authors, and as it would have been tedious to repeat their names constantly in footnotes, he here desires to render his acknowledg- ments especially to Heydebrand, Jaenisch, Staunton, Lange, &c. It is also worth mentioning that the editor has adopted an abbreviated notation. By this he has saved himself and the compositor much trouble, and sup- plied a precedent which he conceives may be adopted by amateurs with advantage in taking down the moves. The plan, however, being only an abbreviation of the existing system, it has been considered unnecessary to publish a key.CONTENTS. weMoR ewe BOOK I. ' MATCHES WITH ANDEESSEN, HARRWITZ, LOWENTHAL, MONGREDIEN, ‘ ALTER.” Page Marcu BETWEEN Mz. Morray anp Here ANDERSSEN : Game L—Evans’ Gambit eee ee ew ee a IL—Euy Lopes Knight’sGame ww ww wee uL— i “ se ee ew ee 1B Iv.— 7 in se ee ew ee Ua“ ‘V.—Irregular Opening ee er ee eee i6) vI— * “ see eee vi— « a ee SS Vill—Siclinn Opening. - 7 we wee ee In * - Cr K.—Irregular Opening =. s 7 wee eee OD pi Wrench Opening (area te) eee ee eer a Marcu netwren Mr. Morro ano Here Harerwirz: Game L—Irregular Opening =». soe ee ee ft v IL—Philidor's Defence. . 6. we ee WL—Irregular Opening =. 2 we ee eee IV.—Philidor’s Defence Be eee ere 80 Vi-Inregular Opening =... ww wee V1.—Philidor's Defence eee ere ane ViL—Irregular Opening =. sw we eee ‘VIIL—Philidor's Defence Beer tee re teeertn rs ax CONTENTS. Pago Marcu Between Mr. Morpay axp Herr Loéwentuar: Game L—Philidor’s Defence rr ee ( IL—King’s Gambit Declined oe 8 8 ew ee IIL—Philidor’s Defence eee eee ee IV.—King’s Gambit Declined ee ee ee BB V.—Petroff’s Defence See eee eee eae eee eee eee ov = Siellinn Opening 90 eee er ere rr eo) ‘VII.—Philidor s Defence ee ee ee ee VIIL “ . Be 8B IX.—Ruy Lopez Knight's Game eee ee ee OFT X.—French Opening Se 6 108 XL—Sicllian Opening. . . we wee 108: Xll—French Opening... wwe eee 108 XIIL—Petroff's Defenco rr ee ©. es XIV.—Ruy Lopez Knight's Gamo See ee Marcu BETWEEN Mr. Morpuy anp Mr. MoNGREDIEN: GameI—DoubleGambit . . . . . . . « « . 18 IL—Evans’ Gambit ee D Wk—Irregular Opening . . . . . we ee 188 IV.—Two Knights’ Opening . . . . . . 1 ew 1M V.—KingsGambit . . . 1 1 1 we ee 186 Vi—Irregular Opening © ww wee Vil—Evans’Gambit ©. 7 6 ee ee 1D ‘VIII.—Philidor's Defence eee ee we 180 Marcu perween Mr. Moray anp “ ALTER: ” Game l—Remove Black's KBP . ee IL—- “* a = ee SS im— “ “ nm ee Iv— “ 7 « eee ee ew 188 v— * “ al le me a co eeereete tenet claret | m-— * oo. eee IV.—King’s Gambit eee ee IT V.—Evans’'Gambit . 2-6 ee eee 8D Bumpyoip Gaus ix New Yorn: King’s Knight's Gambit (Mr. Lichtenhein) . =. =. 5 «we 42BOOK III. OONBULTATION GAMES. IN LONDON. Morrsy anp Barnes aGainst Staunton aNpD OWEN: Page Game L—Philidor’s Defence» 1 ww wwe ee AD IL—Centre CounterGambit . . . . . 2 - «Oh Morpny, WaLkeR AND GreENaway, aGainsT Moncrepien, Mep- LEY and LOWENTHAL: King’s Bishop'’sGambit . . . . .« rn IN PABIS. Monpuy acarxst Sr. Auant anv F, pg L——: Gtaoco Piano re 2] Morpny aGainst CHAMOUILLET AND ALLIES: French Opening «6 ww ww wee 28 Morpny acatnst THs Doxs or Brunswick anp Count Isouarp: Philidor’s Defence see ee ee ee ET IN AMERICA. Morpny acainst Fiske, F, Perrin anp W. J. A. Fouuer: Two Knights’ Defence . 2 1° 1 wwe 8 BOOK IV. OFF-IAND GAMES. Wits Mn. ANDERSSEN: Game L—King's Bishop’sGambit . . . . . . - 88 U—AllgaierGambit 2... 1. ww TB m— “ 7 2) —King's Knight's Gambit eee ee ew OS v- * . . se . - 983 VLi—AligalerGambit 2... we weCONTENTS. xiii 9s g segzgeqd Wirn Mr. Barnes: Game L—Philidor's Defence Se IL—Irregular Opening». 0, ww ele IUL.—Ruy Lopez Knight's Game Seeeereee sees ceeeperee cease reece uae IV.—Philidor's Defence Be ee V.—King’s Gambit Declined 2. 2. ww ‘VI—Philidor's Defence see ee ‘VIL—King's Bishop's Opening . . . . . ss . Wirn Mr. Bavcuer: Aligaier Gambit 2. 2 2. 1. 1 ew ew ee Wirn Mr. Bap: Game L—Knight’sGambitEvaded . . 2. . 1 ww. OSD IL—Allgaier Gambit CS pa eo 6 0 5 0 5 6 8 Oo fd IV.—Philidor's Defenco re» C2 Wirs Mr. Bopen: Game I—Evan'Gamblt ©. 2 6 1. ww kn Il—Ruy Lopez KnightsGame . 6. ww wt V.—King’s Bishop's Opening . 6 1. 1 we 823, 826 830 IV.—Eny Lopez KnightsGame . 2 . 1. ww. 888 Ba ‘Vi—Seotch Gambit re) Wirt Mr. Bupzinsxy: BO oso =O Oo oe oF 6 0 tS Wire Mr. McConyen: French Opening . 2 . 1 ww ww. MB Wir Mr. Hampron: Evans'Gambit 2... 2 1. ee ee HS Wits Mr. Journoup: Game I—Sicilisn Opening . 2 2). . ww MT IL—Giuoco Plano ee) Wira Mr. Kennicorr: Coe 6909 Oo 6 6 oO 6 6 OC) Wirs Me. Krerine: Game L—Evans'Gambit . 2°... . kk, IL—- « ba . ee Bt gexiv CONTENTS. Wirn Mr. Lanoone: Irregular Opening ee ee ag Wir Me. Licutensri Game L—Evans'Gumbit . . 6 6 6 ew wt 8B IL—Petroff's Defence 8. . 1 we et 366 U—Seotch Gambit =. 6 wwe ee ee BO Wirn Ma, Léweyrnar ; Evyans'Gambit . 2 2 6 6 6 2 6 ew 8B Wirn Mr. Manac E Gambit soe ee ee ee BB Wire Mr. Meptey: Game 1.—Ruy topes Knight's G@orae eee eee nu— « 8 “ Til—Allgaier Gambit. 2 6 ww ee le Wir Jupcr Merk 810 8s1— 888 Game L—Allgaier Gambit . . . . . . . . . - 887 IL.—Scotech G: bit . . . oe . . . .« 889 393, sot? 400 Wirs Mr, Exxxsr Monrny: Gams Lo mbit pee eee T—Roy Lopez Knlghts@ame =... eee Wirn Mr. Pave 1 gular Opening Wirn Mr. Perr : 7 Sicilian Opening » . , ew we we Wirn Ma, pe Rivién Game L—Evans' Gambit te ee ee 406 T—Ruy Lopes Knights @ame 9... ee 08 UikL—Evans' Gambit wee ee we ID v— * ” a > C7 Wrrn Mr. Rovssrav : King’s Knight's Opening =. 6 6 ww ew AT ‘Wirt Mr. Scuvnres : Gome I—King's Bishop's Gambit ing’s Gambit Refused 9. . 6 . ee ee IL.—Ki BSGame IIL—Bishop'sGambit. . . . » - + IV.—Evans’ “ ee ee ee Wrrn Mz. Tuompson: Game, L—Evans’ Gambit 6°60 0° oO 6 mu * eee eee BOOK Y. GAMES AT ODDS. Morruy axp Amateurs: Game L—Mauzio Gambit—Remove ‘White's Q Kt oo. IL * “ soe IL—Scotch Cais wastes Q oe IV.—Evans’ Gambit—Remove WhitesQKt . . ‘V.—Petroff's Defence—Remove White's Q Kt . VL—Evans’' Gambit—Romove WhitesQKt . . Morray anp Amarrurs : Game I.—Two Bishop's Opening—Remove White's Q Rook II.—Two Knights’ Defence—Remove White's Q Rook Drvinck anp Morray: Bemove Black's K B P see ee Morpny axp JULiEn: Game L—King’s Knight's Gambit— Remove White's Q Kt IL—Philidor's Defence—Remove White's QKt . Morpuy anp Perrin: Evans’ Gambit—Remove White'sQKt . Sraxcey anp Morpsy: French Opening—Remove Black'sK BP . Morpny axnp Worratu: Game I—Evans' Gambit—Remove WhitesQKt . . IL—Irregular Opening—Remove White’sQKt . IIL—French Opening—Remove White'sQKt . TV.—King’s Gambit Declined—Remove White's Q KtA MEMOIR. ‘Tue presentation to the Chess public of more than one hundred and fifty games contested by Paul Morphy, against the best players of Europe and America, would scarcely be complete, un- less accompanied by a Memoir, however brief, of the young ge- nius who has so suddenly risen up in our midst, and fairly fought his way through a host of formidable competitors to the Chess throne. If, in the composition of that Memoir, we were to confine ourselves simply to the Chess life of Paul Morphy, the record might be a very brief one—almost as brief as the cele- brated “ Veni, vidi, vici,” of the Roman conqueror, and much to the same effect. We might write, Paul Morphy is in his 22d year, has played Chess from his childhood, and has beaten all who have ventured “to enter the lists with him,” and then we might resign our pen. But in every life there is more than one element, however much that one may prevail over the rest. The web of each human existence may be compared to a woven fabric, in which one material predominates in weft and warp, but "blended threads of many hues wind in and out, checkering the prevailing uniform tint, and giving variety to the general aspect. Curiosity is a constant element in the action of the human mind. The public scrutinizes a man brought prominently before them, as a dealer or buyer does the manufactured goode. When any in- dividual becomes great in any department of life, those who walk ° in the same path want to know something more of him than re-xviii MEMOIR, lates to their common pursuit—that thoy are generally already aware of—that it is which has called their attention to him, and stimulated their curiosity. What they require, is something be- yond that. They ask to be told of the general, as well as the special, man. They inquire what race he has sprung from; what his home has been; how he has been educated; what he is out- side the arena in which he has become great. They seek for the signs of character in the sense in which it has been defined by a countryman of Paul Morphy’s—Emerson, who tells us character is that subtle force which impresses us with the idea of what a man is capable of, rather than leads us to think of what he has done. The outer life with which the biographer deals, is made out of actions. The superstructure of inference must bear its due proportion to the basis of facts which, in our case, is but a narrow one. Paul Morphy is yet too young to have played his part on the great stage of life. He has yet to make his mark in the world of men, on the map of which the Chess world is but a speck—a dot of an intellectual island, amid oceans and continents. If he were to die to-morrow, he would be handed down to pos- terity in company with the greatest of the Chess-masters of the past. If he live out the “three-score years and ten,” the quali- ties which have thus early made him great in Chess, may sig- nalize his name in one or more of the many fields on which the battle of life has to be fought. In person, the subject of our Memoir is short and slight, with an elegant and dignified, though unpretending bearing. He has black hair, dark brilliant eyes, small delicate features, and a firmly set jaw; the latter lending an aspect of determination to the whole countenance. Over the Chess-board he is cool, collected, and concentrated ; and so easily are his greatest and most prolonged efforts made, that he seldom or ever exhibits traces of fatigue. In his intercourse with the world he is courteous and unassum- ing, and exhibits a tact surprising in one so young, and that ap- preciation of motive which generally marks those who are great in any walk of life. Of Paul Morphy, except as a Chess player, we know but little.MEMOIR. xix He comes, on the father’s side, of a Spanish family, long settled in Louisiana. The name Morphy, certainly, does not sound like a Spanish patronymic; it rather reminds an Englishman of a name not at all unusual in the sister Isle ; and we should not be surprised if some enthusiastic Irish Chess player were to broach the theory that Paul Morphy is descended from men who lived on Irish soil. This, of course, is mere speculation, but it is a fact that many Irishmen have emblazoned their names on the page of continental history, risen to high rank in the military service of Spain, and founded powerful families. However, Paul Morphy’s father was of reputed Spanish descent ; and, of his mother’s fam- ily, there is no question. They were French, and had been long resident in one of the West India islands. Morphy’s father, during the latter years of his life, held the office of Supreme Judge of the State of Louisiana. Paul was born in the city of New Orleans, on the 22d of June, 1837; so that he is now in bis 23d year. We have not any information which would lead us to believe that in his earlier years he was different from other children; except that, when exceedingly young, he played at Chess. His father was a Chess player of considerable power ; and his uncle, Mr. Ernest Morphy, was generally consid- ered the Chess King of New Orleans. Ina recently published Memoir, we are told that, in 1847, when the boy had completed his first decade, the father taught him the moves, and his uncle gave him a lesson in the art of the game. Paul was an apt pupil. In a few months he was able to con- test a game with cither of his relatives, and soon entered the lista against the stoutest opponents he could meet. In 1849, 1850, and 1851, Mr. Morphy achieved a series of triumphs over the strongest players of the Union; among whom were Ernest Morphy, Stanley, and Rousseau. It is said that out of over fifty parties fought during these years with Mr. Eugene Rousseau, his young antagonist won fully nine-tenths, ‘We are told that even at that time the boy gave evidence of genius and originality. He did not rest upon precedent, nor payxx MEMOIR. any great regard to established forms of opening, but used to get rid of his pawns as quickly as possible, regarding them as incum- brances, which prevented the free action of his pieces. A very short experience, combined with his rapid insight into the prin- ciples of the game, soon corrected that habit, without impairing the boldness and decision from which it sprung. At thirteen he must haye been a good player. When about that age, he was victorious in one or two games with the Editor of this work, who was then paying a short visit to New Orleans; and though he was at the time depressed in mind, and suffering in body, and was also pros- trated by the climate, yet the achievement argues a degree of skill which it is wonderful a child could have attained to. This circumstance was not known in Europe, where the name of Paul Morphy had not been heard till a short time before the assem- bling of the American Chess Congress, which met on the 5th of Ostober, 1857, when, as if to shadow forth his coming greatness, the fact was stated in a London newspaper. Paul Morphy’s boy- hood was profitably employed. He had the incalculable advan- tage of a systematic education. He was sent at.an early age to the Jefferson Academy, in his native city, where he received an elementary education befitting the son of a gentleman; and, in 1850, he proceeded to a college near Mobile, in Alabama, where he distinguished himself in several departments of study. In 1854, he graduated at this college, but remained another year, during which time we are told that mathematics and law almost entirely engrossed his attention. At length, having chosen the profession of a barrister, he concentrated his vast mental powers upon a branch of study necessary for the pursuit of that object. We nced scarcely enter into the details of the American Con- gress, with which our readers are already familiar, but connected as that event is with the chess fame of our hero, we may mark some of its great results. The power of American Chess players had been but lightly regarded in the old world. Those who were considered the best, were estimated as inferior in force to the first rank of Europeans, and if any one had predicted a Chess cham- pion from America, he would have been laughed to scorn. TheMEMOIR, xxi Congress, however, showed that the traditional names were not the names of power—that the unknown were superior to the known—that therc was unsuspected latent chess talent in the mind of young America. The gray-beards were fairly pushed from their pedestals. Youth and genius proved far more than a match for age and experience. All went down almost without a struggle before the conqueror from New Orleans, and second in the contest stood Paulsen, of Iowa, till then never heard of beyond his own locality, and who was only a few ycars older than Paul Morphy. The triumph of the young master did not produce any feeling of jealousy. His superiority was so evident that all idea of rivalry was at once felt to be absurd. It was not merely that he beat those to whom he was exposed, but that he beat them so de- cisively that they never had a chance of turning the tide of con- quest. Whoever sat on the other side of the board, the result was from the first certain, and the proportion of games he won over those he lost was enormous. Out of about one hundred, with the strongest players of the States, only three went against him. The Americans were in ecstacies at the brilliancy of the star which had arisen in their midst. They at once placed the victor of thar tournament on the same eminence as the greatest of the great masters. The American Chess players regarded him as invin- cible. Thty challenged the world to produce his equal, and backed their defiance by money worthy in amount to accompany the transfer of the Chess Crown. It was clearly time for Europe to revise its notions of Ameri- can chess play: but Europe did this rather slowly. The old world clung to its traditional prestige, and in most quarters the idea of the sceptre being wrested from its veterans by so young a hand was freely ridiculed. That Paul Morphy was a good player there was no attempt to deny. The published games which found their way across the Atlantic forbade the committal of any ab- surdity of that kind, but that he was the peer of Deschapelles or Labourdonnais or Philidor none could be found to admit. That his triumph had been a facile one was granted, but then he hadxxii MEMOIR. only been pitted against second-rate men—and it was easy to manoeuvre dashingly in the presence of a weak enemy. Besides, some of the analysts said his combinations were not sound, and Paul Morphy would find himself in a very different position when brought in contrast with the great lights of another hemisphere. The enthusiasm of the Americans was natural, characteristic, and excusable, but it was simply enthusiasm which would have to be corrected by fact. A great voice answered to the American de- fiance, that if Mr. Morphy would make the voyage to England he would find worthy antagonists to lift his glove and enter the lists against him, Before long it was stated that Mr. Staunton would defend the Chess reputation of white-cliffed Albion against the young champion of the West. The great contest which was to decide the question of su- premacy between the Old World and the New, it was settled should take place in England. That was only fitting. It was proper that the young and aspiring should go to the old and established. The age of chivalry had not yet passed. Chess had its Knight-errants, and Paul Morphy decided to leave his trans- atlantic home to make the voyage to Europe, to meet his new an- tagonists upon the checkered field on which, in the great Conti- nent of the West, he could find no compeer. The time was pro- pitious. The Birmingham Meeting would take place shortly after his arrival—the prospect exhibited an opportunity of comtest with players of great fame, but above all he looked forward to a struggle with the representative of English Chess, whose name was known and whose reputation was established wherever the votaries of Caissa dwelt. Paul Morphy arrived in London in June, 1858, and his recep- tion was, as it ought to have been, of the most cordial character. At the great Clubs, the St. George’s and the London, he met with that courteous hospitality which English gentlemen know so well how to render ; but, for a while, an impression obtained that he would not repeat in Europe his American triumphs. The fatigue of the voyage had, no doubt, told upon him. The strangeness of the new stage on which he was called to play so prominent a part, no So Se mmaaAE Ene eUUUUNAEER OAM SRNaneen tn seteunett ts ==t' elimMEMOIR. xiii doubt produced an unfavorable effect, and his first games did not alter the pre-jadgment of English Chess players, that within the four seas of Britain he would find something more than his match. That delusion, however, was soon dispelled. With whomsoever he played, it was found he came off victorious ; and a formal match was soon arranged, the result of which showed that the Americans had not overrated their young champion. The arrangements for the contest with Mr. Staunton progressed but slowly ; but, pending their completion, the Editor put forward a challenge, and the stakes were immediately supplied. The re- salt was, that Paul Morphy added anothcr laurel to his wreath At the conclusion, the score stood thus:—Morphy, 9 ; Lowenthal, 3; Drawn, 2. It was a saying of Napoleon’s, “that he is the best general who in war makes the fewest mistakes;’? and Paul Morphy’s play is even more remarkable for its correctness than for its power and brilliancy. It is as careful as it is profound. Into his blindfold play an error scarcely ever creeps. During the excitement of this match, the placidity and courtesy of Mr. Morphy excited as much admiration as his skill. The utmost good feeling prevailed between the combatants and their friends throughout. This decisive victory conclusively settled Paul Morphy’s posi- tion in the highest order of Chess players, and justified “ Alter” in accepting the odds of pawn and move from the youthful victor. The results of this combat were still more marked. Seven games in all were played, of which “ Alter” did not score a single game. Paul Morphy won five, and two were drawn. At the Birmingham Tournament Mr. Morphy did not play, but he displayed his extraordinary proficiency in blindfold play, conducting eight games against strong players simultaneously, without sight of the boards. We have already observed that re- markable correctness is a characteristic of Paul Morphy’s play. These blindfold games indicate the same absence of errors already referred to. While upon the subject of blindfold play, we may remark thatxxiv MEMOIR. Paul Morphy’s opinion of it is similar to that entertained by Labourdonnais and other great masters. He regards it as a tour de force, the requisites for which are the habit of playing Chess, memory, and imagination. To these essentials we should add the faculty of abstraction, and the power of picturing on the retina a representation of the Chess-board and the pieces, as their position alters at every successive move. This last qualification is the one which will be found the least frequent among men. The power of photographing picture on the mind, not in vague, dim, shadowy outline, but in all its minute details, is extremely uncommon; and where it exists, goes far to make up what is called genius, After the Birmingham Tournament, Paul Morphy had only one object to keep him in England. That one, was to play Mr. Staunton. The Chess public are already aware of the circum- stances which prevented that match from taking place. The facts are shortly these:—When Paul Morphy arrived in this country, the money for the stakes of the English champion was subscribed, by various members of the English Chess circle. It only remained to name a day and arrange the preliminaries. From time to time, the fixing of the period was put off. Mr. Staunton alleged that urgent literary occupations kept him from practising, and he was unable to give up the time necessary for — the match. At the Birmingham meeting, however, a promise was given to name the day immediately, but matters remained in statu quo, till Paul Morphy had departed for France; and then Mr. Staunton, for the same reasons by which he had accounted for the delay, declined to play at all. On this, there arose a con- troversy, in which some bitterness was exhibited, and into which we do not intend to enter. ” At the conclusion of the Birmingham meeting, Mr. Morphy went to Paris, and among our Gallic neighbors added to the laurels he had won in England. His arrival caused great ex- citement in the Café de la Régence. The habitués of the place, and the Chess players of Paris, hung over the board on which he played with most profound attention, and his blindfold playMEMOIR. XXV excited the greatest admiration. A match was at once arranged between him and Herr Harrwitz; the winner of the first seven games to be the victor. This match, however, was not played out, though it went far enough to place the result beyond doubi. Victory waited forthe American. Eight games were played, of which Paul Morphy scored five; Herr Harrwitz two, and one was drawn. At that point Herr Harrwitz was compelled, by illness, to resign. Only two European players were left, who could be expect- ed to measure themselves against the young American: Von Heydebrand und der Lasa, the accomplished Chess writer, and An- derssen, the victor in the great International Tournament of 1851. The former was unfortunately called away by his diplomatic du- . ties to a remote quarter of the globe; but the latter consented to emerge from his studious retirement in the College of Breslau, where he fills the post of Professor of Mathematics, to visit Paris, and meet the Knight who kept the list against all comers. The arrangements for the match were simple, and they were made with the utmost facility. Seven games were to be won by either combatant. ‘I'he two masters sat down to the struggle. At tho conclusion the score stood thus:—Morphy, 7; Anderssen, 2; Drawn, 2. Having thus encountered and defeated every living player of celebrity, with the solitary exception of one with whom he could not obtain a meeting, Mr. Morphy felt that his mission in Europe had been fulfilled, as far as it was possible. His thoughts turned homewards, and he shortly made arrangements to recross the Atlantic. His departure from Paris was the occasion of much regret to his continental friends. This brief second visit to Lon- don was a source of equal pleasure to the Chess players of Great. Britain. His subse it movements are thus described in a sketch of his life, which accompanied a steel-plate portrait, pul- lished in connection with the Illustrated News of the World:— “From this moment the progress of Mr. Morphy was through a series of ovations, in which Chess became a mere accessory to personal, but well-deserved compliments. The St. George’s andxxvi MEMOIR. the London Chess Clube each invited him to a public banquet ; and all parties of Chess players (for Chess players, like politi- cians, are split into sections) laid aside their differences, and united to do him honor. Those parties were attended by many of the aristocracy of rank and talent; and his countrymen will not fail to recognize the cosmopolitan spirit in which their hero was received. To Mr. Morphy these entertainments must have been very gratifying ; but, with a degree of good taste that de- mands notice, he declined numerous other invjtations of the same kind. During his second brief sojourn in London, his time was occupied with Mr. Lowenthal, in the preparation of an important literary work,* and occasional private visits to the Clubs.” Many and strong were the inducements to return to the United States. His fellow-countrymen had raised him a magnificent honorary tes- timonial, and were preparing to welcome his reappearance in a manner which indicated an exalted sense of his character. Reasons, we believe, still more cogent, pressed him to leave Europe. Mr. Morphy, as we have shown, does not look upon Chess as an em- ployment, but an amusement; and he is desirous of applying his intellectual powers to the profession he has adopted. Let us hope that in such a sphere he may become as widely known and as gen- erally esteemed as he is in what passes under the description of “ the world of Chess.” His success in that sphere is without parallel. It is little more than twelve months since he embarked at New York for England. Never was a reputation so soon and solidiy erected. He came among us with a local, and returns with a universal fame. His movements in America were recorded in fugitive paragraphs ; his marvellous exploits in Europe will become matter of history. If to the renown he has achieved as a Chess player, he can add the future reputation of a great lawyer, he will supply one of the most curious and suggestive illustrations of the exceptional versa- tility of genius that humanity has produced. We have faith that a career of more than national usefulness is open to Paul Morphy. The Americans are it is scarcely necessary to say, exceedingly * The work referred to is the present volume.. MEMOIR. XXVii proud of their representative in the world of Chess; and, since his return, his merits have been worthily recognized. On the 25th of May, 1859, a vast assembly met in the chapel of the New York University, to present him with a testimonial, consisting of a magnificent set of gold and silver Chess-men, and a board of: rosewood, inlaid with pearl; and, since then, he has been en- tertained at a grand banquet at Boston, Massachusetts. Other honors have been showered upon him. Who is to be Paul Morphy’s next opponent we do not know ; but we may quote the opinion of M. St. Amant, once the oppo- nent of Mr. Staunton. That distinguished player is reported to have said that Paul Morphy “must, in future, give odds to every opponent, or play single-handed against several in consultation.” The precise character of Mr. Morphy’s play will be better gathered from the games and analysis, than from any description We can give here. We may note, however, that its general feat- ures are carefulness, exactitude, concentration, invention, and pow- er of combination. The game of Chess may be divided into three parts : the opening, in which a position is striven for ; the mid-game, in which the position is used; and the end-game, in which the results are obtained. The openings depend upon knowledge ; and here Paul Morphy, with a quickness and accuracy of perception which looks alinost like instinct, seizes on and employs the best methods developed by the latest analysts. In the turmoil of the mid-game, his great natural powers in attack and defence are ’ displayed ; and the end-game he plays with all the calm mathe- matical precision of a veteran. He has, in course of a few years, attained a position among the greatest masters. Posterity will admire his genius; and we hope that the labors of his Editor will not be lightly appreciated.BOOK I. MATCHES WITH ANDERSSEN, HARRWITZ, LOWENTHAL, MONGREDIEN, AND “ ALTER.”BOOK I. MATCH BETWEEN MR. MORPHY AND HERR ANDERSSEN. Tuts match, like that with Herr Harrwits, was played at the Café de la Régence, in Paris, It was commenced on the 20th December, 1858, and brought to a conclusion in the short space of eight days. The winner of the first seven games was to be the victor. At the termination of the match Mr. Morphy had scored seven, Anderssen two—two had been drawn. This contest excited intense interest throughout the continent of Europe. Herr Anderssen en- joyed the reputation in France, Germany and elsewhere of being the first player in Europe. It will be remembered that he successfully competed for the highest honors and defeated Mr. Staunton at the International Tournament, held in the British Metropolis, during the Great Exhibition of 1851, .MORPHY’S GAMES. GAME L—(EVANS’ GAMBIT.) White.—Mr. Morrny. PK4 . KtK B38 BB4 PQKte4 PQB8 PQ4 Castles . PKS (c) . BQ Kb . PxP . BxKt » QQR4 . QxB P . BKt2 . PxB . Kt Q2 (a) KR (A) . PK B4 . QxQ P . K Kt (g) -BQB3 QKB8 . KR . QOKt2 . RK Kt . QRKB(h) . 9Q Be (k) . OK Kt2 . BxXB Black.—Me. Axversuxx. 1, PK4 2 KtQB8 BB4 BxP BR 4 (a) PxP . Kt B38 (8) PQ4 . Kt K 5 . Castles . PxB . BKt3 BKt5d . BxKt . Kt Kt 4 . RK (¢) . KtR6 . QKRS . KtxP ch . KtQé6 . KtxB P » Kt R6 ch . Kt Kt 4 | QRQ . PKER8 . QR6 (i) . QQ2 . BxP . QxBCENTRE oy 30. 31. 82. 33, 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44, 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. ° 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. MATOH WITH ANDERSSEN. 5 KtK B38 30. QQ4 PKR4 31. KtK 3 QKt4 32. QQB8 RKt2 33. RQ6 QB5 34. K RQ QBE6) 85. QQ4 QBs 86. RQ8 RxR 87. QxR ch KR2 38. RQ6 RKB2 89. RK 6 Kt Q2 40.RK7 QxB P ch 41..KR Kt K4 42. RxR ch KtxR 43.QQ4 Kt Kt 4 44. QxR P ch K Kt3 45. Q Kt 6 ch KR2 46. QB7 ch K Kt3 47. QB6 ch KR2 48. QQ B3(m) PRS 49. PR4 Kt B 6 (n) 50. PxKt QxP ch 51. K Kt Q Kt6ch 52. KB QxP eh 53. KK Q Kt 6 ch 54. K Q2 PR6 55. QQ 4 (0) PR7 56, QxP ch K Kt 57. Kt Kt 4 PR 8 (becomingaQ.) 58 QxQ QxKt 59. Q Q 5 ch, and the game, after being prolonged for upwards of seventy moves, was eventually won by Black.6 MORPHY’S GAMES. NOTES. (a) Since Mr. Waller’s analysis of this opening, (C. P. C. vol 9, page 280,) an opinion has gained ground, that of the two defences B R 4 and BB 4 the latter at this point is the better, and the following moves are given in proof of the weakness of the former, namely : 5. BRA 6. Castles 6 PQs TPQ4 T. PxP 8 QQKt8 & QKBS 9. PxQP 9. BQKEts 10, PKS 10. PxP lL. P+P 11. QKKts 12. Ke Ke 6 12. eK RS Mr. W. continues his analysis to the 17th move, and quits it, express- ing his belief that White has the better gam’. The author of the ‘‘ Popu- lar Introduction to Chess,” coincides with this opinion, but it appears to us that an important defence has remained unnoticed by both, namely, Q Kt Q, which seems not only to ward off the attack, but actually to give Black a strong defensive position, thus: 12, QKtQ 18. PK6* 18. BxKP 14. RK 14. QKB4t 15. RK3 15. KKtK 2 and white’s attack seems parried. (6) Mr. Morphy considers this the best move here, and Mr. Anders- sen seems to agree with him; though some time ago, in an elaborate snalysis, the latter went far to prove that it was a weak defence. The other lines of play available are P x P and P Q 6, and as no analysis of these has ever appeared in any English work on Chess, we refer our readers for it to the Berlin Schachzeitung of 1851, page 54. b (©) BR 8 is the more preferable move ; its efficacy was but lately discovered by Mr. Morphy, who thinks the game should be continued by 8. PQs 8. PK 5 etc., with a strong attack. This appears to be White's best move; if R K, Black would reply B K 8 speedily developing his forces and remaining with a Pawa ahead. + This move was suggested to us by Herr Harrwitz, who concurs with us in our épingon of the goodness of Black's 12th move, Kt Q.MATOH WITH ANDERSSEN. 7 (@) We here give the position of the forces on a diagram, as it is very instructive : (e) A good move, but we believe that Kt R 6 ch could have beeu played with even greater effect. Suppove— 16. KtR 6 ch 11. K Ket 2 (best) * 17.QKR5 18 QRK 18. QR K, and then R K 8 with a fine attacking game. It is palpable that if, in place of the text move, Black had played B Q R 4, White in reply would have opposed his Bishop at Q B 3. (f) Judiciously removing his King from a situation where, as we have just shown, he might have been attacked with success, er 17.KR ae 18 Q+QP 18, Kt}P cb, winning the exchange; for if White were to move his King, Black would win a piece by Q K Kt 4 ch.8 MORPHY’S GAMES, (9) It was not 1mmaterial where the King was played; for if K Kt 2, the Knight might have been placed at Q 6 with still greater force. If the Knight had been captured with the Rook, the following variation would probably have arisen : 20, Rx Kt 20. QxR aif QKKt2 . 21, Q x Q ch (best) * 22, KxQ 22.QRQ 23. Kt QKt3 23.PQB4 24, PxP 24. BxP And Black ought to win, (A) At first sight Kt K B 8 seems a good move, but that is not so, ¢. g. 26. KtKB3 26. QKR6 27, Ktx Kt 27. QxQch 28. RxQ 28, Px Kt and must win. - (é) Had Black taken P with B, White would have moved Kt K B 8, and won the exchange. (&) The exchange of Queens would have produced no better result, . 88 the appended variation will prove : 27. QxQ 27. KtxQ 28. RK Kt 8 28. Kt Kt4 29. PKR4 29. KtK 8 80. KtK 4 80. KR 31. RxK BP 81. Bx Q P, and wins. (® Threatening to win the Queen or the game by Rx P ch, and this was the best line of play, For if 35. Qx BP ch 85. KxQ 86. Kt Q 4 disc. ch 36. RKB6 87, Rx Reh 87. QxR 88, KtxQ 88. RQ6 And Black will win. And if 85. Kt Kt 5 85. Kt x Kt 36. Px Kt 86. KRxKt6 And must again win. (m) The series of moves by which the Queen has been brought back to this point is well taken; she is strongly posted here, defends the *If 21. BxQP 22. BXB 22. QxBP 2% BK Kt %. PK Kts 9%. KtK 4, with a fine attacking game; and if on the 2ist move Black should take the Bishop's Pawn with Queen, he would equally expose himself to astrong attack. | |MATCH WITH ANDERSSEN. 7 Knight, and prevents the check. The Q R P must now advance and win. (») A clever device, frustrated, however, by Mr. Anderssen. (e) The only correct reply. White-—Mr. Anprrases. 10. 11. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. . QxB 21. 22. SEA DIRS Po GAME IL—{RUY LOPEZ KNIGHT'S GAME.) PK4 KtK B38 - BQ Kts5 BR4 P Q3 (a) PB3 - BB 2 (c) PxP PKR3 Castles PQ4 . PxP Kt B3 BKt PR& Kt K 2 (¢) BK3 Kt Kt 3 Kt B 5 (h) KKtR4 KtxKt . BP (i) 1* : Black.—Ms. Moaruy. 1 PK4 2. KtQB3 » PQKS Kt B3 BB4 . PQ Kt 4 (6) PQ4 KtxP . Castles . PRE . PxP . BK . K Kt Q Kt . BK 3 (a) . Ke Qa . Kt B3(f) - RK(g) . BBS . BxR . Kt K 2 . KtxKt 7 QQ2 . PxB10 MORPHY’S GAMES. 24 QQB 24. BxP (k) 25, (xR P 25. R K 8 ch () 26. K R2 26. Kt K 5 27. BxKt 27. RxB 28. Q Kt 5 ch 28. KB 29. QR6 ch 29. KK 30. KtxB (m) 80. Q Q 8 ch (n) 31. QxQ 31. PxQ 32. RQ 32. KB 33. RQ2 33. QRK 34.PKKt4 | 34.QRK4 35. PK B3 385. RK 8 36. PK R4 86. RQ 4 87. K Kt3 37. PR4 38. PR5 38. K Kt 39. K B2 39. RK 40. K Kt3 40. RK8 41. KB4 41. K R 2, and each party persisting in his move, the game by mutual consent was declared drawn. NOTES. (a) This is not the correct move, being of a defensive in place of an aggressive character. Castles or P Q 4th can be much more strongly recommended. The Ruy Lopez attack, if properly conducted, is one of the strongest known. The defence is protracted and difficult, and the sec- ond player can but slowly develop his game. -This, however, allows him at once to bring out his K B, and neutralize the advantage in position that the first player should here possess, (6) The student must perceive the importance of P to Q R 8d on third move in the defence, since with P to Q Kt 4th, subsequently, the adverse Bishop is forced to a square, where he is rendered comparatively harmless. (c) We much prefer B to Q Kt 84.MATCH WITH ANDERSGEN. lh ® If 14, KtxP* 15. BK 4 15. PQB8 best. 16. PRB 16 KtxKe ch, 17. QxKt 17. KeQ4 18. Ktx Kt 18. Px Ke 19. BxP, and White has at least as good a game as Black. (e) With the object of defending the Queen’s Pawn, and threatening simultaneously the terrible move of Q to Q B 2, which would win s (f) The best move, opening an advantageous path for the Q B in addition to frustrating the designs of the adversary. (9) B to Q 4th might also have been played, though the move adopt- ed we like better. (A) Mr. Anderssen preferred the sacrifice of the exchange to giving up the command of the diagonal occupied by his K B, which he would have done hy playing B to Q 8d; R to K would have loet him s Pawn, as Black would have replied Kt takes Q P, &c. * If Black were to take Pawn with Bishop, White would equally regain the Pawn with BE 4 The position being one of interest, we gives diagram in ‘Mustration of it: After White's 14th move—12 MORPHY’S GAMES. () From personal experience we know how dangerous it is to make a sacrifice such as this in contending with Mr. Morphy, whose insight into a difficult position is such as to enable him to hit the blot which almost invariably accompanies the giving up of a piece fora Pawn. Mr. Anderssen, however, here follows up the game with great accuracy and ingenuity, and the result does him much credit. We again give a diagram of the position. BLACK. a Exe ik ti q ts _E a nae Ls oe = iB (&) Knight to R 2 was the correct move, as will be gathered from the following variation : 24, KtR2 25. Qx 25. PKB 8 26. B 9 ch or (A) 26. KR 27. 27. RK Kt, and wins, , 26. KtKR4 26. RK 8 ch my Lf. * 97, KR2 27. RxB, and wins,MATCH WITH ANDERSGEN. 18 (2) From this point to the close the game is highly interesting. (m) The last series of moves has been admirably played by the Ger- man master. (») Played with judgment ; it is obvious that taking Kt with either Q or R would have been disadvantageous, as White would have won a Rook, and remained with even pieces, GAME II.—(RUY LOPEZ KNIGHT'S GAME.) White-—Mr. Morrny. Black.—Me, Anpenasex. 1PK4 1PK4 2. KtK B3 2 KtQB8 3. BQ Ktd 3. KtB8 4,.PQ4 4. KtxQ P - 5. KtxKt 5. PxKt 6.PK5 6. PQ B38 (a) 7. Castles * 7. PxB * The position here, as occurring in the Lopez opening, being somewhat un- usnal, we append » Diagram of tho forces after White's seventh move, BLAOK,14 MORPHY’S GAMES. 8 BK Kt 5 (8) 8. BK 2 (c) 9. PxKt 9. BxP (a) 10. R K ch 10. KB 11. BxB 11. QxB 12. PQB3 12. PQ4 _ 18. PxP 13. BK 3 14. KtQ B38 14 PQR8 15. RK5 15. RQ 16. QQ Kt8 16. QK2 17. QRK (¢) 17. PK Kt 4(f) 18. QQ 18. QKB8 19. QRK3 19. RK Kt (g) 20. RxB 20. PxR 21. R K B 8, and wins. NOTES. (a) A weak move and the cause of all subsequent embarrassment. (5) Much stronger play than taking the Kt at once, 5 (c) The only correct reply. If P K R 8 White can play either R K or P x Kt and in each case win with ease. (d) P takes P would have been equally bad, for White's reply would have been Q takes P, with a won game. (¢) Vigorously and ably followed up. (f) Apprehensive of the advance of the K B P. (g) Losing the game off hand; it was previously, however, past all recovery. GAME IV.—(RUY LOPEZ KNIGHT'S GAME.) White.—Mz. AnpErssEn. Black.—Mr. Morrur. 1PK4 1PK4 2. KtK B3 2. KtQB3 ae eeeMATCH WITH ANDERSEN. 16 8 BQKt5 4,BR4 5. PQ 8 (a) 6 PB3 7. BQB2() 8. PxP 9 PKR8 10. Castles 11. PQ4 12. PxP 13. Kt B3 14. BQKt 15. PQR38 16. BK 3 17. QQ2 18. RQ 19. KtK5 20. QQ B2(f) 21. BxKt 22. KtxB 23. KtxKt ch 24. QR7 ch 25. BK 4 26. KR 27. QR Kt 28. RxR 29. QR 8ch 30. QR7 31. BK B3 32. K Kt 38. QxQ 34. BQ Kt7 CSOENOare 10. 11. 12, 13. 14, 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. PQR8 KeBs8 BB4 PQKt4 PQ4 KtxP . Castles PKR8 PxP BKtes K Kt QKt6 BK8 KtQ4 KtB3 RK BQ4 (a) QQ3(¢) KtxP BxB QxK Kt (9) QxKt K B (A) QRQ BxKt P RxR ch QxB P KK2 BK4 QKt6 QKt3 PxQ RQKt16 85. 36. 387. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. ° 48. 44, 45. 46. 47. 48, 49. 50. 51. resigned. MORPHY’S GAMES, BxP KB2 RQ3 KK2 BQKt7 BB8ch RQ KB3 BK6 K Kt 3 RQ7ch BK Kt4 KR4 BB3 RxP BKt4 PKt3 35. 36. 387. 38. 389. 40. 41. 42 43. 44, 45 46. 47. 48. 49, 50. 51. NOTES. PQB3 BQ3 KQ2 RQR (i) RxP KB2 RR7ch BQB4 RB7ch RB3 K Kt8 BQ3 ch PQB4 PB5 RB5bch PB6 RxB and White (a) A line of play that we can in n¢ way commend. (8) BQ Kt 8 is the better move, (c) Obtaining a fine open game. (d) Kt Q R 4 would have led to some interesting positions, but the move in the text is probably more safe. (©) Mr. Morphy has shown us the variation that follows, proving that Black would have gained nothing by the capture of the Knight, e. g.: 20. 21. 22, . KtxB . Bx Kt . BxP ch » QxRorC . KR2 . RxQ Px Kt B xB (best) or A BQR2 19. 20, 21. 22, 28, Ki 24, 25. 26. 27. 28.MATCH WITH ANDERSSEN. vv 29. RQKtS 80. Rx Kt P 81, RxQRP Even game. 21. BKB4 22, PK Kt4 23, KtxB With 2 fine game. 23. BxB (best) 24. BxP ch 25. QxR 26.KR2 27. RxQ 28. RQ6 29. RxQKtP 30. RxQRP B81. BQ Kt 6 etc. 26. QKB4ch 27. KRK 28. QRQ And the game is even. (4) @) (©) 29. RQR7 0. Rx Kt P 81. Rx KBP 21,.RKER4 22, KtxK Kt P 98. QKERS al to (f) Threatening to win a piece. The position is highly complicated and worthy of attention, and we illustrate it with a diagram.—(See next page.) It would seem as if White might have derived an advantage from first taking the B, and then if the Queen had retaken the Knight, playing BQE2; butif Kt takes Kt instead of Queen the reverse would have been the case, for example : 20. KtxB 21. QQB2 22. Px Kt 23. PxKt 24. QRTch 25. BE BS 26. KR With a superior game. 20, Kt x Kt 21, KtxB 22, Kex Kt 28. QxP 2.KB 25. BxP ch 26. PK Kes (g) If Black, instead, had taken the Q Kt, his adversary might have played Kt Q B 6 and won a piece. (hk) Herr Anderssen’s terrible attsck is now at an end, and the posi-but for his skill in, after oll, terminating the game in his favor. (i) A cursory view of the position would lead to the inference that Black might have won the imprisoned Bishop with K B 2, but he would have escaped as follows: 38. KB2 9. PQR4 89. BK Bor A 40, PxP oe 18 MORPHY’S GAMES. tion is reduced to an end game of a simple character. The adverse Biehops ranging on diagonals of a different color, the promised result would seem to be a drawn game, and Mr. Morphy not only merits high praise for his patient defence against an attack so skilfully conducted, 0. Px 41, RB 3 ch ete, Ai sane Ha a Malle la | #8 a Me ae natWhite-—Mr. Monruy. a SOPN AARP PE 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. MATCH WITH ANDERSSEN. GAME V.—(IRREGULAR OPENING.) PK4 PxP (2) . PQ4() PQB4 . Kt QB8 KtB3 BK8 . Q Kt 3 (a) . PxB . Kt Q2 BQ38 QB2() Castles K R QREK PKR3 » KR2 RK Kt PK PB4 RKt3 KtB3 . RxB K Kt 2 (9) PxP PxKt PxP KB . QK B2(i) . PxKt (2) Black.—Ma, Axpensexx. 1. PQ4(a) 2KtKB8 8. KtxP 4.KtKB8 5. BB4 6. PK8 7. BQ Kt5 8. BxKt ch 9 BK5 10. BB8 11. QKtQ2 12, PKRs 18. Castles 14. PQ Kt8 15. QB(f) KR 17, RK Kt 18. PK Kt4 19. QB 20. RQ 21. BxKt 22.QQ3 23. Kt R 4 (h) 24. PxP 25. P Kt5 26. RxP ch 27. PK B4 28. Kt K 4 (k) 29. QxB ch20 30. 31. 32. 383. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44, 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. MORPHY’S GAMES, QK2 BB2 RQ QxR QQ3 R Kt38 QxQ R Ki6 PQB4 KK2 RxP KB8 R Kt6 R Kt PK6 RQR RxP KB4 KxP K Kt4 RR8ch RR7 BKt3 K R 4 and wins. 30. 31. 382, 33. QKi QB3 RxR ch QxP ch . QxR P 35. 36. 87. 38. 39. 40. 41, 42. . PRE 44, » RKS » RxP 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. QB5 RxQ (m) RB3 PR4 RxP RB7ch PR5 RB5 PR7 RQ3 RQ4ch PKti4 KR2 RQ2 R Kt 2 ch (a) We do not like this mode of play in the close opening; it is in~ ferior in our opinion to both the French and the Sicilian. (6) It would have been bad play to have advanced the Pawn to K 5th, as Black would have replied with P to K 8 and followed up that move with PQB4. The position then is similar to one that arises in the French opening where the first player has a bad game. (c) This is much better than B Q Kt 5th, checking. It is a novelty,MATCH WITH ANDERSSEN. 21 and its adoption by Mr. Morphy, taken together with its force, is a proof how in this part of the game, as in all others, he has eminent judgment in position. (d) Had White played § Q R 4 ch, Black would have obtained an even game, as follows: 8. KeBS 9. KtK5 9. Castles 10. Ktx Kt 10. Bx Kt ch 11. PxB 11. Px Kt and whether (says Mr. Morphy) White take the Pawn or not, in either case his opponent has as good a game as he has, () Necessary, as otherwise Black might have played Kt Q B 4, with the view of exchanging the Knight (which was comparatively useless) for the adverse Bishop, which occupied s commanding position. (Sf) The purport of this move is not very evident, but Mr. Anders- sen’s game was cramped, and he probably had it in view to bring the Queen to her Knight's second, and commence an attack on his adver- sary’s King’s Knight’s Pawn. The Queen could not have been played to King’s second for White would have replied with B K B 4, threatening P Q Sth, etc. (g) A complicated and very interesting position, from which both masters display great skill and wonderful fertility of resource. We give a dingram of the forces.—(See p. 22.) (A) A brilliant mov, indeed, and one that might have resulted in success against a less forminable opponent than Mr. Morphy ; Anderssen, however, had no other resource, for White threatened to take Pawn with Pawn and then play R K R, with a formidable attack. (i) White has a difficult game, though he remains with a piece ahead, and it required extreme accuracy and care to avert the threaten- ed dangers. (&) From its nature Black’s game was lost, but this was the best mode of continuing the attack which he still maintains, (2) Had he pisyed B K B 4 the desired end would perhaps have been still earlier attained, because Black would have been compelled to cap- ture the Bishop with his Rook, when the answer from White would have been Rx Kt, winning easily. (m) Considering the confined position of Black’s King, his two Pawns are no equivalent for the piece, and insufficient to procure the draw.22 MORPHY’S G. Lib a app a 7 Lesssidl, Corral ez Y we haf _ Ze YY Te oie i wy lb, gpg ii GAME VI--{TRREGULAR OPENING.) White.—Ma. A 1 PQRS(a) 2. PQB4 8. KtQB3 4, PxP 5 PK3 6. KtB3 7BK2 8 PQ4 Black.—Ma. Mourn, 1.PK4 2. KtKB3 3. PQ4 4. KtxP 5. BK 8 (8) 6. BQ8 7. Castles 8 KtxKt10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 30. 31. 32. 33. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. MATCH WITH ANDERSSEN, 23 . PxKt KteQ2 PKB4 BB4 KtxB PxP Castles QQkt3 BQKt QQR2 (a) QK2 KtK3 PB4 R Kes . BKt2 KR PQ5 PxP KteQB4 BxKt ch . QKt2ch RR8 QQ4 RR6 PQé6 . RR 3 (A) RQB R Kt 3 ch PKR3 RxB RB8 . RxP (m) 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21, 22. 28. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29, 30. 31. 32. 383. 34. 35. 36. 387. 38. 39. 40. PK65 PKB4() PK Kt4 BxB PxP Qk QQBs QQ4 PKs P B32 (e) KtQ2 QK8 KtK B8 K B2(f) QRQB RK Kt PxP 22219) KK2 KxB KB2 RKte2 K Kt BKB RKB2 QQR5 (i) RQB4@ BKt2 KR RxR PK 6() RxKta4 MORPHY’S GAMES, 41. QKB6 41. RB 8 ch 42, KR2 42. QxP ch and wins. NOTES. (a) Our readers will probably be surprised at seeing so practised a veteran ag Herr Anderssen having recourse to an opening so unusual and bizarre ; but it must be explained by his having found bimeelf out-played in those of a more regular character, with which he felt himself to be well versed. To Mr. Morphy, however, it seems alike indifferent, whether his opponent opens his game in a regular or irregular manner; and he is so thoroughly up in the principle of the game, that we should not have imagined it would in the least perplex him, to vary so much from the beaten track. (+) Herr Anderssen, in adopting the move of P Q R 8, had it no doubt in view to produce a position somewhat according with that in the Sicilian opening, and prevent the Knight at this juncture from being brought to Q Kt 5th. (c) Black thus early has an excellent game. (d) Intending to attack the Queen with his Rook at Kt 5th, which could not then be captured, as the loss of the Queen would follow imme- diately. (e) P Kt 4th of course could not have been played, for the reason given in foregoing note. (/) In order that he might place the Rook on the vacated square. (g) If the Pawn had been taken, White might, with great advantage, have played Q K R 5 ch. (A) Tf Knight to K 5th, the reply would have been Q Q Kt 4, fol- lowed by Bx R. (i) A good move, as it hampers White's game extremely. (&) Necessary to prevent White from playing Q Q 5, and then QK 6; 83. PQ7 86. RQ (best) | | if 35. PQ Kt4 37. RKt3 ch 87. B Kt 2 33. RxB ch 38. RxR 39. Q Q 5 ch, followed by Kt K 5, with the better game, (2) The only move. If K Kt, then Mr. M. suggeste— 40. RK Ke 8 40. RxR or A 41. P Q 7, and must win.MATCH WITH ANDERSSEN. - (A) 40. QQ3 41. Ke K5 41, Rx Kt 42, xB ch, and followed by Px R and wins. We give s dia- oo (m) White might have drawn the game by Q K B 6, GAME VIL—{IRREGULAR OPENING.) White—Mz. Morruy. Black.—Mr. Anverssex, 1.PK4 1 PQ4(a) 2. PxP 2. QxP 3. KtQB3 3. QQ R4 (8) 4.PQ4 4.PK4 5. PxP 5. QxP ch‘ i \ 26 MORPHY’S GAMES. \ 6. BK2 6. BQEte 7. Kt B3(c) 7. BxKt ch 8. PxB 8 QxPch | 9. BQ2 9QB4 « 10. R Q Kt 10. KtQB3 ~ 11. Castles 11. KtB3 12 BK B4 12. Castles (d) 13. BxP 18. Kt Q5 14. QxKt 14. QxB 15. BQ3 15. BKt5 16. Kt Kt 5 16. K RQ 17. QQ Kt4 17. BB (e) 18. KRK 18. PQR4 19. QK7 19. QxQ 20. RxQ 20. Kt Q 4 (f) 21. BxP ch 21. KR 22. RxB P 22. Kt B6 23. QRK 23. KtxP 24. RB4 24.RR3 25. B Q 3 and wins. NOTES. (a) We consider this mode of evading an open game as decidedly in- ferior to either P K 8 or P Q B 4, (the French and Sicilian openings,) though but some short time ago it was in high repute, and was even adopted by Mr. Staunton at the Birmingham meeting. (6) Q Q is frequently played, but the move in the text is preferable. (©) Sacrificing a Pawn to obtain a more speedy development of his pieces, (d) Attempting to defend the Q B P would only have Jed him into difficulty. (e) There appears to be no other mode of saving the Pawn; for if P Q Kt 8, White would have taken R P with Kt, and won a Pawn. (f) This is an instructive position, and we give a diagram of it ac- cordingly.White.—Mr. AwpEnssEn. = Sag Ceo Oates cone a ard 27 GAME VIIL.—(SICILIAN OPENING.) Black.—Mr. Morrny. PQR38 1.PK4 PQB4 2 KtKB8 KtQB3 3 PQ4 PxP 4. KtxP PK3 5. BK3 KtB8 6. BQ3 BK2 7. Castles PQ4 8. KtxKt PxKt 9. PK5 Kt Q2 10. PKB428 il. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24, 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34, 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. MORPHY’S GAMES. PKB4(a) PKt3 BB PB4 PB5 BB4 Castles PxP en pas. QKt3 BKt2 BxB ch QB2 KRQB PQR4 PxP QB4ch KtxQ BxR BB3 BQ2 KB KK R Kt Kt K 5 PxP RKt5 RxB K K2(0) KtB3 RQ5 RQ6 PR4 RxQP il. 12. 13. 14, 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. Al. 42. 43. QR5ch QR6 QR3 PB3 BQB2 Kt Q2 PQKt4 PxP KRK PQKt4 QxB QQ4 RR3 KRQR QxKt P QxQ RxR Kt B3 RR7 KtQ4 BQ BK2 PR3 PB4 BxP KtxK P (6) Kt Kt 7 ch PK6 PKt3 KB2 K Kt 2 PxB RR5(d)MATCH WITH ANDEESSEN. 29 44.K B2 44. KtxB P 45. PxKt 45. RxP 46. RQ4 46. RxR 47. KtxR 47. K B38 48. KK3 . 48. PKt4 49. PR5 49. K K4 50. Kt B38 ch 50. K B 8, and the game was declared drawn. NOTES. (a) Taking moans to stop the further advance of the King’s Bishop's Pawn, which he evidently apprehended might prove objectionable. The range of the adverse King’s Bishop is also contracted by this move. (8) Very prettily played. We give a diagram of the position before this move. BLACK. a 2 eB o a ee He ZA e oo SJ _ NN a a Sy NX .80 MOERPHY’S GAMES, (c) If K Q, Black would equally have pushed on the King’s Pawn. (d) This mode of securing the draw is highly ingenious; his opponent cannot prevent it, i ean We again give a diagram for the benefit of the student ca A aaa GAME IX.--(SICILIAN OPENING.) White.—Mr. Morpuy. Black.—Mr. ANDERSSEN. 1 PK4 1.PQB4 2PQ4 2. PxP 8. Kt K B8 3. Kt QB8 4. KtxP 4.PK8 5. Kt Kt5 5. PQ 3 (a)MATCH WITH ANDEBRSSEN. 31 6 BK B4 (8) 6PK4 7.BK8 7. PK B4(c) 8. Q Kt B3 (d) 8. PB5(e) 9. Kt Qi 9. PxB 10. K Kt B7 ch 10. KB2 11. QB3 ch 11. Kt B38 12. BB 4(f) 12. KtQ5 18. KtxKt dise. ch 13. PQ 4 (9) 14. BxP ch 14. K Kt 3 (A) 15. QRSch 15. KxKt 16. PxP 16. KtxP eh (i) 17. K K 2 and wins. NOTES. (a) This is better than P Q R 8; but even now the King’s Bishop is shut in, and the Queen’s Pawn rendered weak. (5) Correctly played, compelling the advance of King’s Pawn, which leaves the Queen’s Pawn weak and unsupported. (c) P Q R83 would have been sounder play, but even then the game would have been in favor of the first player. (d) A fine conception. (ec) Had Black now played P Q R 8, White’s reply would still have been Kt Q 5, with a winning game. Position of the forces after White's ninth move. (See page 32.) (f) The attack is now irresistible. (g) If the Bishop had been interposed, White would have taken it, checking; and on Kt retaking, have played Kt Q 5th, discovering ch., and won without difficulty. (A) Had the Queen captured the Bishop, White would have taken with Knight, discovering check, and have remained eventually with a Pawn ahead and a winning position. (8) Kt K 8th, seemingly s good move, is only so in appearance, as Black might have taken it when placed there; and on White taking Queen, have answered with B Q Kt 5 ch., obtaining a winning game.MORPHY’S GAMES. al \ mal Se ss S L- S =z A om = ce ag P § icv cra ‘a eon mal || ame = ij... n-8 cm Mm) i Lz cscs a 8 W-@ eeceeere =9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 24. 27. 28. 30. 31. 32. 34. 35. 36. 37. 88. 39. 40. MATCH WITH ANDERSSEN. Kt PxKt PQ4 Kt Q2 PKB4 PKs KtB4 BxB ch RR2 PQR4 QKt3 BK6 BB4 RK Kt2 BK 2(a) PB4 BKt2 . QB 2 (2) BQB3 PR5 PxP . RR PxP RR8ch QR4 QxR ch QxQ ch PB5 BB4(d) PxP RKt2 RKt7 BKt4 Q* 9. 10. 11. 12, 138. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 84. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. PKB4 PK5 RB38 RR8 Kt Q2 BxKt KR QK2 KtB8 PB38 RK Ke Ke5 RQKt Ke B38 PQKt3 QKB2 BK2 R Kt BQ3 PxP PK Kt 4 (c) RxP R Kt RxR Qk KtxQ BB2 K Kte2 BxP BB2 KB3 RKt3884 41.BB8 42, KB2 43. PxP 44, PR5 45. PR6 46. K Kt 47. BB 48. KB2 49. BB4 50. BKt 8 51. BxB 52. RQT 53. PRT 54.R KT 55. RK6 56. RxP 57. K K2 58. KQ 59. RQB7 60. PQ5 61. PxP 62. RK7 63. RxP 64. K B2 65. KQ2 66. KxKt 67. KK 3 68. KQ4 69. KK 5 70 KB5 71. BK6 72. KK5 MORPHY’S GAMES. 41, 42. 43. 44, 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54, 55. 56. 57. 58. 59, 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. PR4 PR5(e¢) R Kt5 RR5 RxP ch. RR6 R Kt 6 ch R Ktdb RR5b BQ3 KtxB KtK K Kt 4 KtQ3 KtB5 KtQ7 RR7ch Kt Bo(f) K Kt3 PKBS5 PK6 PK7ch RR8ch Kt Q5ch KtxR K Kt2 RK 8ch RKB8 RK 8ch RQ8 RQ5 RQ8MATCH WITH ANDERSSEN. 35 73. PK BS 73, RKR8 74. P B6 ch 74. KxP 75. KQ6 75. RQR8 76. K K7 76. RQR2ch 77. BQ 7, and wins. NOTES. (a) A very good move, compelling Mr. Morphy to retreat his Knight, and gaining the requisite time to advance the Q B P and place the Bishop on Q Kt 2. (8) Providing against the forward movement of the adversary’s Q Kt P. (c) Too hazardous to be ventured in a match game. (d) Herr Anderssen, ap to this point, played his game with the marked ability for which he is noted; but here he missed an opportunity of gaining speedy.victory, as follows: 36. RB2 36. Kt Ke 2 or AB 37. PQ5 87. Kt Px P or C 38. PQ6 38. B x P (best) 39. RxP 89. K Kt 40. BB4ch 40. KR. 41. RBZ 41, RKts 42. RQ 7, winning at least a piece. (A) 86. KtB 3 87. PQ5 87. Px Q P (best) 38. RxP 38. KKt2® 39. P K Kt 4, and wins with ease. (B) 36. K Kt 37. BB4ch 37. KB 38. RxP ch 38. RB 3orD 39. RKR5 89. PK R3 (if R B6,RxR 40, RE R4, &. P and wins) C) © 87. B PxP 38. RxP 88. K Ke 39, RxP 89. Kt K 8 (seems best 40. RQ 7, followed by B B 4, winning. * If 88, BQ, then 89. PxP, dc.36 MORPHY’S GAMES. (D) 88, KK2 39, RB7ch 39. KQ ' 0. PxP 40. Bx | 41, BKt4 41. KtB2 42, BBB 42, RR4 ‘A reference to the accompanying diagram will facilitate the exami- nation of these variations. a ae ’ oo # a “mt aL : x 28 ae “9 ae m2 maes 260 WHITE, © | (¢) Black should have played R Kt 5, by which he could at least have drawn the game. If, in reply thereto, White had ventured to move B K 2, Black would have played R K Kt, with a good game. (f) If Kt B 8, a highly interesting variation would have arisen, and such nicety of play would have been required in opposing the move, that it is very doubtful whether in actual play it might not have ended ina different result.MATCH WITH ANDERSSEN. 87 ‘The position is so peculiarly interesting that we give a diagram of it: BLACK. 58. 59. RBS 59. + 60. PxPch 60. 61.PQ5 61, 62, RBG 62, 63. KK 68. 64. RBS 64. 65. Rx Kt 65. (A) 61. This is inferior to K K 4, and loses the game. Kt BS PBS KxP KK4orA Kt K 6 ch KtxP KB8 K Kt 7 and draws.* PK6 Kt K 6 ch, would be bad * Becauso the black King can play to B square and Kt 2d square, until White chooses to abandon the Pawn, when he will remain with R and B against Rook, etc.38 MORPHY’S GAMES. play, becsuse White would simply capture Kt with R and one of the two Pawns would go on to Q 62. PQ6 68, KK 64. RB4ch 65. B Q 5, preventing Black from checking with Kt, and conse- quently wins. 63. KK 62, Kt Kt 6 If62. RQ7ch 68, KtR7 64. KKt6 Or if 62. P K7 ch 63, Kt Kt 6 GAME XI.—(FRENCH OPENING.) White—Ma. Morruy. 1PK4 2. PQ4 3. BQ3 4. BK 3 (a) 5. PQB3 6. PxP 7. KtK2 8. Castles 9. QKtB38 10. PK5 -11..PB4 12. B PxP 13. QQ2 14. BK Kt5 Black.—Mr. Anvenssex. 1PK8 PK Kt3 BKt2 PQB4 PxP KtQB8 K Kt K2 . Castles PQ4 10. PB3 11. PxP 12. PQR3 13. Kt Kt 5 14. KtxB SO WON OP op wpMATCH WITH ANDERSSEN. 89 15. QxKt 15. BQ2 16. QR3 16.QK 17. Kt Kte3 17.R QB 18. RxR ch 18. QxR 19. RKB 19. QK 20.QR4 20. Kt B4 21. KtxKt 21. Kt PxKt 22. RB 3 (6) 22. BKt4 23. R Kt 8 (c) 23. RB2 24. BB6 24. P B 5 (d) 25. QxB P 25. QKB 26. KtxB 26. PxKt 27. QR6 27. KR 28. RxB 28. RxR 29. K B 2 (e) 29. K Kt 30. QxR ch 30. QxQ 31. BxQ 31. KxB 32. K B3 32. P Kt6 33. P Kt 4 33. K Kt 3 34 PKR4 34. P Kt4 35. K K 8, and wins. NOTES. @) The student cannot fail of observing that in almost every French «game Mr. Morphy plays his Bishops to their King’s and Queen's third squares, and they appear well placed here, and come into efficient action when called upon. It is a novelty, however, in Chess play, and will, doubtless, meet with uttention at the hands of authors on the game. (8) This Rook is now well posted, and ready for effective co-operation with the rest of the attacking pieces. (c) RB 8 would have been weak, while by the move in the text White gains an undeniable advantage in position. (d) This, says Mr. Morphy, appears the only move to ward off the attack, if,Tees ma ote 77 mee er rhee. «. Yeeees mi the isting of theMATCH BETWEEN MR. MORPHY AND HERR HARRWITZ. This match was played in Paris, at the Café de ls Régence, early in September, 1858. It was commenced early in September, and was prematurely finished in October, 1858. It was arranged that the winner of the first 7 games should be considered the victor ; but in consequence of the indis- position of Mr. Harrwitz the séances were irregular, and eventually when Mr. Harrwitz retired from the match the score stood thus : Morphy 5, Harrwits 2, drawn 1. GAME I.—{IRREGULAR OPENING.) White.—Mr. Harrwirz. Black.—Mr. Morruy. 1. PQ 4 (a) 1PK3 2PQB4 2PQ4 3. KtQB3 3. KtK B3 4. BB 4 (8) 4.PQR3 5. PK8 5. PB4 6. Kt B3 6. KtB3 7. PQR38 7. PxQP42 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 28. 24, 25. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. MORPHY’S GAMES. . K PxP 8. . BxP 9. BQ3 10. Castles 11, BK5 12. QK2 13. BK Kt 3(c) 14, KRK 15. QK4 16. KtxKt 17. QxQ 18. KtK5 19. KtxKt 20. QRB 21. BQ6 22. BK5 23. PB4 24, KB2 25. » KK38 26. RxR 27. RB5 28. B PxB 29. PQR if 30. BxR P 31. R Kt 5 32. REt6 , 38. KQ2 34, BxB 35. RKt5 36. RxP 37. PxP 38. RB5 39. PxP PQK™M . BKt2 BK2 Castles KtQ4 KR@ BB3() PKt3 QxKt PxQ QRQ BxKt RQB RK Kt K Kt2(f) BQ2 PR3 RxR RQB BxB BK 3(g) PxP RQ Kt RQ RQR BB RxB RQR PR6 RxP KBMATCH WITH HARRWIIZ. 43 40. KK2 40. KK2 41.PQ5 41. KQ2 42. RB6 42.,.PR4 43. RK B6 43. KK 2 44. PQ6ch 44. KK 45. PK6 45. PxP 46. RxP ch 46. K B2 47. PQT 47. R QR 48. RQ6 48. KK2 49. RxP 49. KxP 50. R Kt5 50 RKR 51. K B8 51. KK3 52. K Kt3 52. PR5 ch 53. K Kt 4 53. PR6 54. PKt3 - 54. K B38 55. R K R 5, and wins. NOTES. (a) Herr Harrwity, when first player, almost invariably adopts this mode of opening the game. It is one with every variation of which he is thoroughly familiar, and in no match of importance has he ever failed of using it. (8) Mr. Morphy agrees with us in the opinion, that at this stage the text move is the most forcible one that can be selected; indeed, he says he found it so strong, that in his after games with Harrwitz he pre- ferred meeting P Q 4 with P K B 4, in place of exposing himself to this attack. (c) Very well played, for it not only obviates the capture of the Bishop and the subsequent posting of the King’s Knight at B 5, but also prevents the advance of the K B P. (d) Mr. Morphy considers that he lost the game by this move, and that if he had played B K B 8 instead, the game would have been even. (e) The following variation will show that Black could not have thrown up the K B P as he had intended, ¢. g. :44 MORPHY’S GAMES. 15. PKB 16. QxP 16. Ktx Kt 17. PxKt 17. PBS 18. QK4 18. PKt38 19. Bx B P, with a won game. (f) It is a singular fact, that in the earlier stages of every contest upon which Mr. Morphy has entered, he has played very much below his real force. This game presents none of those brilliant moves and remarkable combinations that so eminently abound in his general ploy, and at this point he selects a move which actually gives the victory to his opponent. The Bishop should have now been captured, and the game thereby would have been rendered an even one, (g) If Black had exchanged Rooks, with the view of breaking up his adversary’s centre Pawns, the White King would have been posted at Q 4, and victory secured. GAME IL—(PHILIDOR’S DEFENCE.) White—Mr. Morray. Black.—Mr. Harrwirz. 1PK4 1PK4 2. KtK B3 2. PQ3 (a) 8 PQ4 3. PxP 4. QxP 4. KtQ B3 (8) 5. BQ Ktdb 5. BQ2 6. BxKt 6. BxB 7. BRKts 7. Kt B38 (¢) 8. Kt B 3 (d) & BK2 9. Castles QR 9. Castles 10. KRK 10. PK R3 11.BR4 il. KtK 12. BxB 12. QxB 138. PK5 13. BxKt 14. PyB 14. Q Kt 4 ch 15. K Kt (¢) 15. PxP 16. RxP 16. QKt7MATCH WITH HAREWITZ. 45 17. KtQs 17. QxRP 18. KRK 18. QQ3 19. R Kt 19. KR2 2.QKs 2 20.PKB4 21. KtB4 21. QQKt3 22. QK2 22. RB2 23. QB4 28.QKB8 24. Kt R 5(f) 24. QK2 25. QRK 25.QQ2 26. PRB (9) 26. Kt Q3 27. QQ4 27. RK Kt (A) 28. RKt2 28, Kt K 29. QB8 29. PBS 30. RR 30. PK Kt3 31. QR Kt 31.QQ4 32. QK 82. QxKt 33, R Kt 5 (i) 88. QxP 34. QK6 34. RBS 35. QK7ch 85. BR Kt2 36. QxKt 36. PxR 87. QK 87. QQ B38, and wing, NOTES. (a) This is a defence that Mr. Harrwits almost invariably adopts; and throughout this match, when second player, he never moved other- wise. (8) B Q 2 is considered the better move here. (c) PKB 8 is preferable. (d) White might have exchanged the Bishop for the Knight, but Mr. Morphy is of opinion that no great advantage would have resulted from such a line of play. (e) P B 4 would not have been #0 good. (f) White would have gained nothing by R Kt 6, as Black would have simply retreated Q K 2. . : # : an ao oN "2 Hiper ty Bor Woot cee46 MORPHY’S GAMES. (9) 2QB 8 orQ KR 4, would have given White an excellent at- tack ; the move in the text was made with the object of winning the Queen with 27. RxKt 27. RxR . Rx 28. RxR 29, Kt B 6 ch, &. (A) To prevent the execution of the plan alluded to in the foregoing note, (i) We give a diagram, “ome the game as it stood at this point : a ity Vey YY & va at 1 GAME III.—{IRREGULAR OPENING.) White—Mr. Harewrrz. Black.—Mr. Morrny, 1.PQ4 1PKB4MATCH WITH HARRWITZ. 47 PQB4 KtQB8 BKKt5 QKt3 PQs PKS BQs . KKtK 2 . BxKt PQR3 . QxB . Castles K R . PQKt4 . PB8 , BB - BR4 . BxKt . PxP (o) . PB4 - QRKt . KRQB . Kt Kte3 . KtB . Ke Q2 .» RxR . QKt3s . KtxQ . PxP . Kt R 5 . Kt Kt7 . RB 3 (g) . Kt Qs PK8 2 3 KtK B38 4. BQKt5 5. PQB4 (a) 6. PK4 T. Castles 8. 9. PQ3 . PERS . QxB . BxKt ch . QKt3 . KtQ2 14. PQEts . PKR4(8) . BKt2 - QB2 . QxB 19. Kt PxP 20. PK5 BRS . QR5 (a . PRS 24. QRKt 25. B Kt 3(e) . PxR - QxQ . PQKt4(f) . BxP . RR . RRB . KB » BQ248 84, 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44, 45. 46. 47, 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54, resigns. RKt3 R Kt 8 KB2 KK2 Kt B6 ch PxP KQ2 KB RKt3 RR38 PKt3 R PxP Kt PxP RR5 RR6 RxP ch RQ2 R Kt2ch RKtdb RR5 RR4 MORPHY’S GAMES. 34. 35. 36. 387. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 46. 47, 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. NOTES. KK2 PBS (h) PB6 RxP BxKt PBT RB6 (i) RxBP KB3 PKt4 R PxP . PxP K Kt 3 RB4 RB6 KR4 K Kt5 KB6 RB4 KxP ‘K B 6 and White (a) A very similar position occurs in the Sicilian opening, and then, as here, this move is important and effective. (5) A measure of precaution, to prevent White from playing P K Kt 4, and having in view also the advance of the P R5 if he should play Kt Kt 3. (c) The exchange of Pawns here showed want of judgment; for after giving up his Bishop, the Q B P was, of course, rendered very weak by the line of play adopted; indeed, it was fatal to his game, (@) The prompt advantage which Mr. Morphy takes of the slightestMATCH WITH HAREWITZ. 49 error of his opponent, is the chief characteristic of his game, and it is well illustrated on this oocasion. (e) Very well played; for if, as was the case, the Rooks be exchanged, the Q Kt P is soon thrown up and s free passage secured for the Q B P, and if the exchange be not made, Black doubles his Rooks on the Kt's file, with a far superior game. (f) Excellently followed up, the Q B P can now march on unim- peded, and embarrass White sorely. (g) This is an interesting position, and for the assistance of tho stu- dent, we represent it on a diagram. (A) The skilfal manner in which Mr. Morphy terminated the game commands our praise, and is desorving of close attention. (é) When Mr. Harrwitz played 38, Kt B 6th ch, he evidently over- Yooked that his opponent, on his 40th move, could play as in the text 3: 7 os sc =e a MORPHY’S GAMES. The game was past recovery, but this at once gains White’s advanced Pawn, We again give a diagram, showing the position of the pieces, 50 GAME IV.—{PHILIDOR'S DEFENCE.) Black.—Me. Harnwirz. White-—Mr. Morrny. PK4 PQ3 PxP 1 1PK4 2. KtK B3 3 PQ4 4. QxP Kt Q B38 (a) BQ2 BxB 4. 5 6. 5. BQ Kt5 @. BxKtSipe MATCH WITH HAERWITZ, 7. B Kt 5 (b) 7PB8B 8 BR4 8& KtR8 9. KtB8 9QQ2 10. Castles K R 10. BK 2 11. QRQ() 11. Castles K R 12. QB4ch 12. RB2 (d) 18. Kt Q 4 () 18. Kt Ke 5 14.PKR8 14. KtK4 15. QK2 15. PK Kt4(f) 16. BKt8 16, RKt2 17. KtB5 17, R Ke8 “ 18. PB4 18. PxP 19. RxP 19. KR 20. RR4 20. BB 21. BxKt 21. B PxB 22,.RKB 22.QK8 23. Kt Q Kt5 23. Q Kt 24. RB2 24. PQR8 25. KtxB P 25. R QB 26. Ke Qs 26. BxKt 27. PxB 27. RB 2(g) 28. PB4 28. BK2 29. RR5 29. QK 30. P B 5 (a) 30. RxP 31. RxP ch (i) 81. KxR 82. QR 5 ch 32. K Kt 33. KtxB ch 33. K Kt 2 34. Kt B5 ch 34. K Kt 35. KtxP, and wins. NOTES (a) This move is not to be recommended, the proper defence is BQ 2. (3) Mr. Morphy evidently considers this a forcible move at this52 MORPHY’S GAMES. point, and it will be noticed that he has adopted it in numerous games given in this work when the opening is similar. It was first played by the author when engaged in his match with Harrwitz. (¢) White has now an excellent game, every piece in play and well (d) We should have preferred playing K R here. See diagram: BLACK. iy Y yy Y Y _ ase | ee 4 WHITE, eget 18, PKB 18. QEB4oraB 14. PK6 15. KRK in an RQ (if 16. eee it ze 4 (better game. 16. KtQs re we ) 16. Bx Kt (best) 17. RxB, winning at least a pawn.MATCH WITH HARRWITZ. 58 (A) 18, Bx Ke 14. PK6 14. PQ4 15. PxR ch 15. KtxP 16. Px B, and wins, (B) 18. QK Kt 14. QxQ 14, KtxQ 15. PK6 15. KRB 16. Kt Q 4, and White has much the better game. If Black, on his 18th move, either push P Q 4, or take the P with his Bishop's Pawn, he gets the worse position in the former case, and in the latter loses the exchange, for in both his adversary takes.the Pawn with Kt, (f) To prevent the advance of his opponent's K B P (g) Had the Queen captured the P, White would have gained a de- ee get a Goal54 28, RxP ch 29. QRB ch 80. KtxB 81. QBS ch MORPHY’S GAMES, 7. QxP 28. Kx R (best) 29. BR 8 (best) 80. Rx Kt (best) 81. K kt 82, QxR, with a won game. (4) The winning move, and one of a very high order, and followed up with Mr. Morphy’s usual ingenuity and accuracy. (i) We again give a diagram, showing the position of the forces after White's 80th move. (See p. 58.) GAME V.—{IRREGULAR OPENING.) White.--Me. Hanrwrrz. . PQ4 PQB4 . KtQB3 BK Kt5 PK3 BQ3 KKtK2 . Castles BxB . Kt Kt 8 11. R PxKt 12. PB 4 (8) 13. PK Kt4 14, PxP 15. QQ2 16. QRK 17. B Kt 18. QKB2 19. PQ5 20. QB8 pa SL MONA MP pop Black.—Mz. Morrny. PKB4 PK3 KtK B3 . BK 2 (a) Castles PQKt3 BKt2 . Kt R4 QxB . KtxKt -PQ3 . Kt BS . Kt Kes . PxP » ORK (co) . QR 5 (a) ~RK8 . QR4 . RRB . QRS PONQaPperpr Bee eee ee ee SSenraSapaenus21. 22. 23. 24, 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 81. 32. 83. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. MATCH WITH HARRWITZ. PR8(¢) PQKt4 Kt K 2 Kt Kt3 KB2 RR K Kt RxR QQ QQ2 KtB PKt3 P Kt 5 (9) QKKt2 KxQ PR4 R PxP KtQ2 PK4 KtxP BxKt BB8 RK4 BK2 RQ4 KB2 RQ2 KK KB2 RR2 PxP RR7 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 81. 32. 33. 34. 35. 386. 387. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44, 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. KtR8 Kt Kt KtQ2 PKs KtB3 Kt Kt 5 ch(f) QB3 KtxR Ke Ke5 QR5 RK QR6 Kt B3 QxQ ch PQR3 PxP RR (A) RR6 PxP KtxKt RQB6 KB2 BB BB4 PR4 KB3 BB7 BK5 KB4 PR5() KxP RKR656 MORPHY’S GAMES. 53. RxP 53. R RZ ch 54. KK 54. K K 6, and wins. oe ae Bi WHITE. NOTES. (a) In the third game of this match, Mr. Morphy played B Q Kt 5 at this point. (6) An ill-advised move. The K Kt P and K P are now both of them weak and the subsequent cause of much embarrassment. We should have much preferred P K 4. (c) Attacking the weak point that we have noted above. (d) Well played. Not only threatening Q Kt 6, by which dn irre- sistible attack would have been gained, but also to bring the Rooks into epeedy co-operation with the Queen on the weak flank. (e) The last four moves were well and correctly played. (f) The Kt now occupies a square from which he cannot be easily dislodged.MATCH WITH HAREWITZ. (g) Properly preventing the advance of the Q Kt P. (A) Black might have here gained three pawns for his Kt by taking the Q P, but it is questionable in a match game whether such a step were prudent. Mr. M. chose a surer mode of proceeding to victory. The position forms an interesting end game, and we therefore give a diagram. (See p. 56.) (i) Correctly played. After this White's game was hopeless. Mr. Morphy throughout played his with great ability. GAME VI.—(PHILIDOR’S DEFENCE.) White.—Mer. Morrur. PK4 KtKB3 PQ4 QxP PK5 QxQ ch KtxP . KtQB3 . Kt BA . BxB . BK8 . Castles QR . BK Kt5 . KtK 4 (@) . BxKt ch (/) . KtxB » KRKch . RXR ch . BQS . BBS 3* = SLY SENAgTaeyp DD bed bet ek tt et SOWA Om HT Black.—Ma. Hazawrrs. 1, PK4 2PQ3 CHAKA PS 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. PxP Kt K B 8 (a) . PxP () KxQ BKS BQ38 . BxKt (c) RKch KK2 PQR8 QKtQ2 PR38(@) KtxB PxKt KB KtxR RQ Kt PK Kt321. 22, 23. 24, 25. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32, 33. 84. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 41. 42. 43, 45. 46. 47, 48. MORPHY'S GAMES. PB38 RKch KB2 KKt3 KR4 . PQKte PR4 RK8 BQ5 K Kt3 RB38 PR4 BxKt KB4 K Kt 5 (h) B PxP KxP KR5 RQ38ch . RxP RQ4ch KxR PB4 . PRS PRE PR7 P RB 8 Queen’s ch QB 3 (i) and wins. NOTES. 21 KK2 22. K B(g) 23. Kt B2 4. KtK8 25. P Kt 2. PKR4 27.KK2 28. KQ2 29. RK 80. RK Kt 31. KK2 82, PR4 33. KxB 34, PK Kt4 35. PxKt P 86. PxP 87. B Kt ch 38. KQ4 39. K BS 40. BxP 41, KxR 42. PB4 43. KK6 “4.KBT < 45, KxP 46. PR6 47. K Kt 8 (a) A bad move, subjecting Black to immediate attack. (8) The correct reply would have been Q K 2; but even that would have left White with a somewhat superior game.(c) This was in s manner compelled; for if any other line of play had been chosen, White would have taken the King’s Bishop with his Knight, and the Pawn on the retaking would have been left isolated and weak. (d) So framing the attack as at once to secure a winning position. This is a much stronger move than the more obvious one of Kt Q 5 ch, dc. (e) He has no better play; for if K B, White wins a Pawn by Ktx B; and if B K 4, White may with advantage throw up P K B 4.” (f) KtxKt would have been of advantage to White, e. g.: 15. Ktx Kt 15. K x Kt (best) 16. RK sq ch 16. KB aq 17. Bx Kt 17. PxB 18, PK Kt 8, and Black’s Pawns are weak. As the adverse Bishops, however, are of different colors, the game in60 MORPHY’S GAMES, this case would probably have resulted in a draw, and Mr. Morphy thorefore selected the better move. (g) Had the King gone to Q 2, the reply on White's part would have been BQ 5. To save his K BP, Black must then advance it, when the Bishop would have checked at K 6, and afterwards have been posted at K B 7, &. (4) Finely played. The end game is finished off by Mr. Morphy with great ability, and the position is so instructive that we give a dia- gram in illustration of it. (See page 59.) (a) For if 48. PR7 49. QKt8 ch 49. KR 50. QK B 2, mating next move. GAME VIL—{IRREGULAR OPENING.) White-—Mn. Hanewrrz. Black.—Mr. Morruy. 1.PQ4 1PKB4 2PQB4 2.PK3 3. KtQB3 8. Kt K B38 4, BKtd5 4,.BK2 5. PK3 5. Castles 6 BQ38 6. PQKt3 7. KKtK2 7. BKt2 8. BxKt (a) 8 BxB 9. Castles 9. QK2 10. QQ2 10. PQ3 11. P B 4 (8) 11. PB4 12.PQ5 12. KtR3 13. PxP 13. QxP 14. QRK (c) 14. BR5(@) 15. Kt Kt3 15. Q Kt 3 16. KtQ5 16. BxQ Kt 17. PxB 17. BxKt18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 82. 33. 34, 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. MATCH WITH HARRWITZ. 61 PxB KB2 RKR RR4 BK2(f) QQ3 BB3 RK2 PKt3 RR KKt PxP BR5 RK (&) BB3() RR3 RR6 BQ RR4 RxR BB2 QQ2 RQ KB2 KxKt KR4 K Kt3 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34, 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42, 48. 44, Ke B2 QRK RK2 QB2(¢) KtK Kt B38 (g) PKte3 KRK () QKt2 PKR8 PK Kt PxP Kt K 5 (i) RKB KtxP QK4(m) PKte5 K Kt2 RKR KxR RR 2(n) Q Kt7 (o) RR8ch RB 8 ch (p) QK4ch QB38ch Q K 4 ch and per- petual check existing, the game was declared drawn. NOTES. (a) At this point, in the fifth game of the match, Mr. Harrwits castled. (5) Mr. H. made « move similar to this in the game just mentioned,63 MORPHY’S GAMES, which we condemned, as we must this also. On principle it is weak play, as it leaves a Pawn behind unsupported, and in this particular in- stance from an even game, causes the position very quickly to turn in favor of the second player. (c) This also is a weak mote. (d) As usual, taking immediate advantage of his opponent's slight error; whether White in reply now play Kt Kt 3, or P K K¢ 3, in either case he gets a bad game. (¢) Anticipating the advance of the K Kt P (/) If Mr. Harrwitz had thrown up the K Kt P, a very interesting variation would still have arisen. His adversary could not have taken it, on account of Bx P ch, &c. Nor could he have taken Q P with Kt, as B QB 4 would have won a piece, The probable continuation, therefore, would have been as follows: 22. PKKt4 22. QxQP 23. QQ B 2, with an excellent game. Tf 22, PK Kt3 23. PxP 23. Anything. 24. PK Kt 4, with a fine game. (g) The correct move, for of course White dare not take the Pawn. (4) A singuler variation would have arisen if Black had played P K Kt4,eg.: 25. PK Kt4 26. P xP (best) 26. KtK 5 ch 27. K Kt sq 27. KtxP at Kt 8 28. RQ eq (best) 28. Q K Kt 2, with @ fine game ; the text move, however, is preferable. () An excellent move. The position is sufficiently interesting for a diagram, which we accordingly append. (See page 63.) (k) Had he taken the Rook, he would have been mated in a few moves by Q R 8 ch, &c. (2 Mr. Harrwitz showed judgment in sacrificing the Pawn, for any attempt to save it would have involved him in difficulty. Thus if 82. PK Kt4 32. Kt Kt 6 83. RRB 83. PBS 84. PQ4 84. QK4 85. BKt 6 85. RBS 86. BK BB 86. KtxB 87. Kt Px Kt 87. Rx P, with the better game. (m) Black has now a Pawn ahead, and so superior a position as to render victory almost a certainty.MATCH WITH HAREWITZ. 6s ({») Mr. Morphy plays all this with his usual ability. (0) Threatening to win the Queen. (p) The main feature of Mr. Morphy’s play is, that it is so free from mistakes. This, however, was evidently an oversight, and throws away a game which would have been won with ease had he taken Rook with GAME VIIL—{PHILIDOR’S DEFENCE.) White.—Mr. Morruy. Black.—Mx. Harnwrrz, LPK4 1PK4 2KtKB3 2.PQ3 8 PQ4 8. B Kt 5 (a)64 OIRO p 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18, 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24, 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 80. 81. 82. 83. 34, 85. PxP QxB » BQB4 - QQKt3 BxP ch . BKtd BR5 BR6ch BB3 QB4 QK2 BK3 KtQ2 Castles Q R PKK3 B Kt 2 (d) KRKB PKB4 PKs PBS PK Kt4 BB8 Kt Kt QB2 PKtd5 P B6ch PBT PxKt Q ch BxKt QK2 KtQ2 BKt4 MORPHY’S GAMES. 28. 29. 30. 31. 82. 33. 34. 385. = SEMAN AAP BxKt PxP . Kt K B38 (8) BQ3 KB . QKtQ2 . PK Kt8 11. 12. 18. 14, 15, 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. . KKt2 . KtB | QK 25. 26. 27. KK2 KtB4 PQKt4 KtK3 PQRS KB2 QK2 KRQKt() PQR4 PR5b PR6 Q B83 (e) PKtes5 QKtQ2 Kt Kt (7) KR Kt QB4(g) KxQ BxB QK3 KR QK2MATCH WITH HARRWITZ. BK 6ch QQB2 BB5 QB4 QxQ ch RQ K Kt2 RQKt 3 39. 40. 41 42 43. 44 45 46. 47 = = € Ss oe cote ee ees Be Bm wo A om m MakooMMMoAmA BSSSigsgisss66 48. PxP 49. KB2 50. K B38 51. BK6 52. P Kt 4 53. P Kte5 54. P Kt6 55. BB8 56: P Kt7 57. KtxQ P 58. Kt Kt5 59. P Q 6 ch and wins. BZ £ (belt stb eB a0 A YY 4 y eG; Me yyy EL67 NOTES. (a) This is not s good move, and compromises the game of the sec- ond player so far as to make it surprising to us that it was adopted by him. (8) Q Q 2 is the correct move. (c) Mr. Harrwitz was evidently anxious to bring his King’s Rook into play ; but it is questionable whether he acted judiciously in placing it here. We should have preferred moving it to King’s or Queen’s square. (d) The correct reply; preparing for the eventual advance of the KBP. (e) We represent the position of the forces here on a diagram. (Seo page 65.) (f) Taking King’s Pawn would have cost a piece.68 MORPHY’S GAMES. (g) Threatening to capture Q Kt P checking, and follow that up with the advance of the Q RP. Had Black instead played Kt K 2, his adversary would have replied with B Kt 4, winning a piece and the game. We give a second diagram, showing the situation of the respeo- tive forces, (See page 66.) . (A) The accuracy with which every move is played, is worthy of the student’s observation. (i) This is well played. It secures a passed Pawn and an easy vic- tory. The end game is represented at this point on the diagram on p. 67.MATCH BETWEEN MR. MORPHY AND HERR LOWENTHAL. This match was played in London. It was commenced on the 19th of July and concluded on the 22d of August, 1858. Mr. Morphy’s seconds were Lord Arthur Hay and the Rey. J. Owen; Mr. Léwenthal’s seconds, Mr. Barnes and Mr, Oldham. Mr. Staunton was appointed umpire, and Mr. Lewis stakeholder. The combatants met with regu- larity four days in each week, Monday, Tugsday, Thursday and Friday, until the termination of the match ; and the stances were alternately held at the St. George’s Chess Club, in King street, St. James’s, and the London Chess Club in Cornhill. The winner of the first nine games was to be declared victor, and it was agreed that the games should be the exclusive property of Mr. Morphy and Mr. Lowenthal. At the conclusion Mr. Morphy had scored nine games, Mr. Lowenthal three, and two were drawn. As this was the first match played by the American champion in Europe it excited a very lively interest among the devotees70 MOEPHY’S GAMES. of Cassa in this part of the world. The Club rooms were thronged on every occasion by élite assemblies, and the pro- ceedings were reported more or less fully in all the leading newspapers. The few English journals which have Chess columns devoted a liberal portion of their space to this match, GAME L—(PHILIDOR'S DEFENCE.) White-—Mr. LowextHau. Black.—Maz. Morrur. 1PK4 1.PK4 2. KtK B38 2.PQ3 3. PQ4 3. PxP 4. KtxP 4, Kt K B 8 (a) 5. KtQB3 5. BK2 6. BK2 6. Castles 7. Castles 7PB4 8. Kt B3 8 Kt B3 9. BK B4 9 BKS3 10. QQ 2m 10. PQ4 11. PxP (8) 11. KtxP 12.QRQ 12. KtxB 13. QxKt 13. QR4 14.BQ3 14.QRQ 15. Kt K Kt 5 15. BxKt 16. QxB 16. PKR3 17. QR4 17. KtQ5(@) 18. PQ R838 (da) 18. KRK 19. KRK 19. Q Kt3 20. Kt R4 20.QR4 21. Kt B3 21.PB4 22, RK5 22. BB2MATCH WITH LOWENTHAL. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. QRE RxR ch RxR ch QK7 KtR4 KtxP PK B8¢() QK2G) KB2 BxP (h) Q Kt5 @ Kt Kt3 QxP QB8ch BQ3 Kt Q2 KB KtK4 KB2 QB38 KK2 Kt B2 QQ2 QK3 QK4 PKB4 PxKt 50. KB 51. QK7ch was declared drawn. 23. 24, 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. - 82. NOTES. 33. 84. 35. 36. 87. 38. 389. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44, 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 61. ve QKts RxR BxR BB2 QR4 QQz KtB3(f) QB8ch QxKt P QxR P QB6 (k) QB8 P Kt3 KR2 KtK4 QRbch QxP QR8ch QQB8 QBe PKR4 PR5 QKt6 PR4 BK3 KtxB B Kt5ich BB4 K RB 8, and the game (a) An instructive analysis of this opening will be found in the seo- ond volume of the Chess Monthly, p. 12.72 MORPHY’S GAMES, (6) P K 5th would have been bad play, as Black would then have moved the Kt to K R 4th, and followed that up with P Q 5th, with an excellent position. (c) A very good move, which might have proved dangerous had White omitted to make the proper reply. (d) The only correct rejoinder. Had White played PK R3SorKR K, Black would have gained at least a Pawn by playing Q Q Kt 5, &c. (6) If White had played P K R 8, Black weuld have drawn the game by perpetual check; and if P K Kt 3, Black would have won easily by playing Q Q 8 ch, &. (f) Very well played, forcing the retreat of White's Queen from a square where she occupied a steady position. We add a diagram of the situation here. : (g) It is obvious that, if White had captured the Q Kt’s P, the loss on Y, BLACK. | Z yy | Ze a y Whe Zs “4 tiitooo ‘Wy UA ieMATCH WITH LOWENTHAL. 73 hk) Much better than advancing P Q R 4, as Black would then have moved the Queen to her Kt 5, etc. (i) Ke taking Kt P instead would have been bad play. Black would eg ane a pe eae eee eke ee time improve the position of his Queen. (® Correctly played. Hed Black preferred Kt Q 5, White wonld have answered Qx Q Kt P. Black’s best move would then have been Kt x B, to which White would have answered with Q Q B 8 ch, regain- ing the piece with a Pawn ahead and a good position. GAME I.—{KING’S GAMBIT DECLINED) White.—Mr. Morray. Black.—Mr. Liwesrna.. 1PK4 1PK4 2PKB4 2BB4 3. KtK B38 3 PQ3 4.PB3 4. BK Kt5 5. BB 4 (a) 5. BxKt 6. QxB 6. KtK B3 7. PQKt4 7. BES 8. PQ3 8 QKtQ2 9. PB5 9 QK2 10. P Kt 4 (8) 10. PKR3 11. KK2 11. PB3 12 PK Kt5 12. PxP (c) 13. BxP 13. P Q 4 (d@) 14, B Kt 3 (e) 14.QQ3 15. KtQ2 15. PR4(f) 16. PxR P (9) 16. Q RxP (A) 17.PKR4 17. KtR4 18. KtB® 18. Kt B4 19. BB2 19. B Kt 4 (i)74 MORPHY’S GAMES. 20. BB 20. PxP (k) 21. PxP 21. R Kt7 22. BxR 22. Kt B5 ch 23, KK 23. Kt Q 6 ch 24, BxKt 24, KtxB ch 25. K Q 2 (m) 25. KtxB disc. ch 26. K B2 26. QR 6 (n) 27. Kt Q2 27. BB 2 (0) 28. Kt Kt and wins. NOTES. (a) The move recommended as best here is B K 2, and the game is then continued thus: 5. BK2 B. BxKt 6. BxB 6. KtQBs 7. PQKa 7. BKt8 8 PKS 8 QKtK2 9.PQ4 9. PxP 10. PxP 10. PQRS ll. PxP 11. RxP 12, BK2 ; 12. RR2 13. Castles 18. KtKB8 14. BB 14. Kt BS 15. BKt 15. Castles 16. K R, and the position of the centre Pawns gives White some- what the advantage, (8) Premature. BK Kt 5 would have been the correct play. (c) Black has now obtained a free range for the King’s Rook, which would appear to promise to be of some advantage subsequently. (d) The best move. (e) This also is the best move ; for if 14. PxP 14.PK65 15. QKt2* 15. Kt K 4, and White’s posi- tion is a hopeless one. 7 (f) Bringing the Queen’s Rook into action, and thus adding to the strength of the attack. » * What else can he do? If 15. PXP, 18, Kt K 4 wins a pleco; and if 15. Q Kt 8, 15, PXP discovers check and wins with ease,MATCH WITH LOWENTHAL, 15 (g) Taking the Pawn was compulsory ; for if the Knight's Pawn had been supported with the Rook’s Pawn, in the exchange White would have been obliged to take with Q B P, when Black would have brought his B Q 5 with marked effect. (4) Black’s pieces are now well in play, and he has an excellent game. The foregoing diagram shows the position of the pieces after his sixteenth move. (@) RR 6 would have decided the game in Black’s favor, ¢. g.: 19. RR6 20.B Q2 20. BR4 21. RQB 21. BxP 22. Bx Bor A 22, RxB 23, PxB 28. PKS 24. QK 8 (best) 24, Kt B Bch ‘ollowed by Kt x Q P, attacking Queen, &.16 MORPHY’S GAMES. «4 22, PxP ) 22, BxB 28. KxB 28. PxP _ 24 BES 24, PK 5, with a winning po- iti) Kt KB & ch at once was the proper move; for if 21. Bx Kt, 21. R Q Kt 7th renders White's game still more difficult to defend. (2 This, as the result proves, was an unwise sacrifice, The diagram now givon will serve for an examination of the position occurring on Black’s nineteenth move. BLACK, plies ae oA ix of, mie " - a 5 mi arora (m) In forming the plan of attack on his nineteenth move, Herr L. concluded too hastily that the Black King could never be played here, whereas it is the only move to save the game, and makes the sacrifice of the Rook referred to utterly useless, (n) Kt B 5 would have been the correct move. (0) An unaccountable blunder to commit in a match game.MATCH WITH LOWENTHAL. 11 GAME IL—({PHILIDOR'S DEFENCE.) White—Mr. Liwextnau. 1.PK4 . Kt K B8 KtxP . KtK B38 PQ4 BQ38 Castles RK . PBA 10. PxP 11. Kt B3 12. PxKt 13. BK B4 14, BxB 15. KeK5 16. PQB4 (6) 17. KtxKt 18. BB 19. QQ2 20. RxR 21. QR5(g) 22. QxQBP 23. QB 4 (A) 24.PKR3 25. QB7 26. RK7 27. QB 8 ch (k) 28. QB7 29. Q K 5 (m) DAM orm po Black.—Mx. Monrny. 1. 2. 3. 4, 6. 6. 7 8 9 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 1. 18, 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. PK4 KtK B3 PQ8 KtxP » PQ4 BK 2(a) . Kt Q B38 (8) . PB 4 (6) BK8 BxP KtxKt Castles BQ8 (4) QxB QREK BK3 PxKt BB2 RxR RQ(/) QxP QKt3 PKte3 QKt7 Q Kt 3 () RQ8 RQ RQ8) QEts78 30. 31. 82. 33. 84. 35. 36. 37. 38. 389. 40. 41. 42. 43. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54, 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. MORPHY’S GAMES. QK2 30. RK5 81. PB38 82. PKR4 33. PB5 84, RK4 35. KR2 36. K Kt 37. QR6 38. QQ8 39. QR6 40. P Kt3 41. K Kt2 42. KxP 43, . BKt2 44. QB 45. BxQ 46. BB4 47. RxB 48. KB4 49. RQ4 50. RR4 51. RxP 52. RR 53. PR5 54, KB5 55. KB4 56. R R6 ch (p) 87. RxP 58. RxP ch 59. RRT 60. RQ7ch 61. KB PBS QB8 PKR3 K Kt2 QxP ch (n) QB8 RQ7 RxR P RQ7T RQ8 PxP QB4 Q Kt 8 ch RQ7 QxQ KB3 BxB RQ3 RK38 KK2 KQ3 PB4 PBS PxP (0) RK6 RK KQ4 PB6 KQ5 RQB KB5MATCH WITH LOWENTHAL. 79 62. KK8 62. R K ch 63. K B 2 (g) 63. PBT 64. R BZ ch 64. KQ6 65. RQ 7 ch 65. K B6 66. R B7 ch 66. K Q7 67. RQ7 ch 67. KB8 68. RQ Kt7 68. RK 4 69. PB4 69. RK5 70. K B38 70. RBS 71, RKR7 71. K QT 72, RR 72. P Queens 73. RxQ 73. RxR 74.KK4 74, RK 8 ch 75. KQ4 7. K KT 76. PBS 76. KB6 77. KQ5 77. KBS 78 PB6 78. K Kt 4 79. PB7 79. R K B 8 and wins. NOTES. (c) BQ 8 isthe more usual play; but this may be adopted with equal, if not greater, advantage. (5) Castling is generally practised at this juncture, but the text move is also good and safe. (c) Mr. Morphy thinks that he ought rather to have played Kt Q 8, or B 8, and that then the game would have been even; whereas, in con- sequence of this advance of the Pawn, his game shortly is the less pref- erable of the two, (d) It was necessary to get rid of the adverse King’s Bishop, to pre- vent it from occupying the King's fifth square, where it would have been strongly posted. (e) Premature. It would have been better play to have thrown up the P KB 4. Indeed, if White had so played, he would have had an excellent game.80 MORPHY’S GAMES, Cf) Mr. Morphy is of opinion that P B 4 would have been infinitely al r. (g) RQ might also have been played; for if in reply Black had pushed P B 4, White would have answered with P Q 5; and if then P B 8, White might have commenced an attack upon the K B P, gaining the reqnisite time to bring the Bishop to K 2 and B 3, and so saving the threatened Pawn. We are of opinion, however, that the move really adopted was a better one. A diagram is given of the position previous to this move of White. a a a z ES @: | oy My London Club, would not have led to any decisive result, @. g.: 23. RKT 28. RQ 8* * If Black play 28, R K B, then 2%. QxB P, é&o, and if 28. QxQ 2%. BXQ, (h) RK7, a8 suggested by some of the leading members of the winning a Pawn.MATCH WITH LOWENTHAL. 81 24. RxB 24, Rx Bch 25. KxR 25. Q Kt 8 ch 26. KK2 26. QB7ch 27.KK8 37. QB6ch 28 KB4 28. QxP ch 29. KxP 29. QxRch 80. QxQch 30. KxQ BL. KKB 81. KK3, and with the best play on both sides, the game would probably have been drawn. (é) It was judicious of Mr. Morphy to challenge the exchange of Queens, with his King in such an exposed position. If accepted, the end game would have been reduced to » probable draw. (&) If the Bishop had been taken the game most likely would have been continued as in the variation given in the preceding note, viz, Rx B, &c., and the Rook eventually regained. (2) Mr. Morphy here played for a draw. a 2 ss sinh VW, by wy writ82 MOERPHY’S GAMES. ™. a changing at a e whole aspect of affairs. Mr. L. ve been satisfied with a The diagram we give shows the i mn of the forces after Bla: = twenty-eighth move, and before this error was committed. (See page 81.) (n) ane Pawn could never have been saved, as Black always threat- ened K (0) - o 8 ch and then P Kt 4 would have won without difficulty. “a vt Ae ate ey a on ee ae ee a Gg) Thin was 0 gplevous exer. K B 4th would have produced a certain draw. sm : ae ew ert eee ammnenommanenammnMATCH WITH LOWENTHAL. GAME IV.—({KING’S GAMBIT DECLINED.) White-—Ma. Monrur. Black.—Mn. Lowerrnat, 1PK4 1.PK4+ 2.PKB4 2BB4 3. KtK B3 3 PQ8 4.PB3 4. BK Kt5 5. BK 2 5. BxKt 6. BxB 6. KtQBa 7. PQKt4 7. BKts 8 PKt5 8 QKtK2 9. PQ4 9. PxB P (a) 10. BxP 10. Kt Kt 3 11. BK3 11, Kt B38 12. Kt Q2 12. Castles 18. Castles 13. PK R38 14.PQR4 14.PB3 15. QK2 15. RK 16. QQ 3 (8) 16. P Q 4 (c) 17. PK5 17. Kt Q2 18. BR 5 (a) 18 RK3 19. PR 5 (e) 19. BB2 20. RxP (f) 20. KxR (g) 21. QB5ch 21. K K2 22. BxKt 22. QK Kt 23. BB2 23. KtxP (hk) 24. PxKt 24. RK B(i) 25. BB 5 ch 25. KQ 26. BxR 26. RxP 27. QKB2 27. QK3 28. P Kt6 28. PxP 29. PxP 29. QxB 30. PxB ch 30. KxP 81. R Q Kt, and wins,84 MORPHY’S GAMES, NOTES. (a) The books recommend P x Q P, but the move in the text may be adopted without disadvantage. Wh ZY yy YY, A TT Oe e proper play, providing for Black’s intended attack of PQ (Abad orate origin of all subsequent trouble. (@) An —-= of the Rook ai once would have been equally good ; but as no time was lost by the move played, and as it moreover com- pelled the adverse Bishop to abandon an important diagonal, we are not sure but that Mr. Morphy selected wisely. (f) Ingenious. The position is sufficiently interesting to be worthy of the diagram we append. .MATCH WITH LOWENTHAL. 85 (g) Kt R would have been decidedly better; but White then would have had a much superior game. (4) A useless sacrifice, Kt K B might have given him a chance of drawing. (i) Making bad infinitely worse, White.—Mr. Léwenrna, GAME V.—(PETROFF'S DEFENCE.) PK4 KtK B3 KtxP KtK B3 PQ4 BQ3 Castles PB4 PxP BK3 . KtB3 . KtxB . BB2 . BKE8 . PQS (s) » BQ4 ~RK . BxB (c) . Kt Kt 5 (d) . PKt3 -QK2 . PxKt . QB38 Black.—Mr. Morrur. Seer gsrpwtom PK4 . Kt K BS PQ3 KtxP PQ4 BK 2(a) KtQB3 BK8 BxP . Castles 1. 12. 18. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22, . KteK 4 PB4 QxKt KR QQ3 KtR4 BB3 QRQ KtxQ B Kt Kt5 QB4 KtxB QRK24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. Al. 42. 43. 44, 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54, 55. MORPHY’S GAMES. QR5 QRQ() Kt K6 RKB KtxR PR3 QxB P PQ6 RxP RQ2 RK QQBib QRK 2(h) RxR QKB8ch RK7 KR2 RK8 RR8 RR7 RxP RR8 RR7 R Kt7 QB7 RxP RKt7 RQ7 QQ5 QQ38ch RQ8ch QQ4 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. Al. 42. 43. 44, 45. 46. 47. 48. 49, 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. PKR8 QBT7(f) Kt Kt5 QxP at Kt 2 RxKt KtB3 QxKt P PxP (9) QB2 PR3 PQKt4 RK RxR QKt6 Kt Kt (i) QQ8ch QQ5 QQB5 (h PKt5 QQs5 PKte6 QQ4 QQ5 QB6 KR2 QK4 PR4 KtR 3 QB3 KR Kt Kt QB6MATCH WITH LOWENTHAL. 87 56. K Kt 56. KR2 57. QQ5 57. QxQ 58. RxQ 58. Kt B38 59. RK 5 69. K Ke38 60. PB4 60. K B2 61. K Kt2 61. K Kt 8 62. K B3 62. K B2 63. RRS 63. K Kt3 64. RRE 64. K B2 65. PBS 65. KtQ4 66. P Kt4 66. PxP ch 67. PxP 67. Kt K 2 68. K B4 68. Kt Q 4ch 69. KK 5 69. Kt B8 70. R checks and wins. . NOTES. (a) As we have observed previously, we consider this to be quite as good, if not better, than the ordinary move, B Q 8, recommended by the books. (8) The only move to save the Pawn, and, though it appears weak, the best that could have been adopted. (ce) The position here was both critical and difficult, and there was but one mode of maintaining the threatened Pawn. (d) The game is now in favor of White. His adversary, on the pre- vious move, should rather have taken the Bishop with his Queen or Rook. (See diagram, p. 88 ) (e) It would have been imprudent to have won the exchange with Kt K 6, on account of Q x P and Kt B 6 ch. (f) Well played; not only improving the position of the Queen, but altogether frustrating White's design of R x Kt, etc. (g) Had Black played Kt R 2, the following singular variation would have ensued : 81. Ke R2 82. QxRch 82, KtxQ 83. Px P, and must go on to Queen.88 MORPHY’S GAMES. BLACK. Z ‘Ee es pou (h) As Black has two passed Pawns as an equivalent for the loss of the exchange, great nicety of play was required on the part of White. (i) K B 2, as in the variation below, would have been better. He could not interpose the Queen, for White would have exchanged Queens then placed his Rook at R 2, and gained both the Pawns Let us sup- pore, then— 88. KR2 39. RK7 ; 89. Q Kt 8 ch 40, KR2 40. Q Kt 8, with a position su- perior to the one actually acquired. (&) A singular position, for Black cannot avoid the loss of his two passed Pawns. To facilitate examination, we append a diagram of it, and commend it to the student as a good study.lb om i. WZ White—Mx, Morrny. Black.—Mr, Lowenruau. 1.PK4 1PQB4 2PQ4 2. PxP 3. KtK B38 3. KtQB3 4. KtxP 4.PK4 5. KtxKt 5. Kt PxKt 6. BQB4 6. Kt B3 7. Castles 7. PQ4 (a) 8 PxPMORPHY’S GAMES, 9. B Kt 5 ch 9. BQ2 10. BxB ch 10. QxB 1. RK 11. BQ3 12, KtB3 12. PK 5 (8) 13. B Kt 5 () 13. Kt Kt5 14. QxP 14, BxP ch 15. KR 15. QxQ 16. KtxQ 16. Castles (d) 17. PKB3 17. PxP 18. PxP 18. KtK 4 19. RK3 19. PB38 20. KxB 20. QRQ 14 2 ves ag a A yee £MATCH WITH LOWENTHAL. 91 21. RxKt (e) 21. PxB 22. K Kt3 22. PK R8 23. PQB4 23. RB2 24.QRK 24. KB 25. PB5 25. P Ke3 26. PB6 26. RQB 27. PB7 27. QRxP 28. R K 8 ch 28. K Kt 2 29. KtxR, and wins. NOTES. (a) Played without due reflection ; the loss of the Pawn ought other. wise to have been perceived. (8) It would have been better to have played P Q 5. (c) Taking correct advantage of Black’s weak play in the opening. (See page 90.) (d) This loses a piece, but the game was previously beyond recovery. (©) Very well played. GAME VIIl.—(PHILIDOR'S DEFENCE.) White.—Mr. Lowxnruat. PK4 Kt KB3 PQ4 Black.—Mx, Morrny. 1PK4 2PQ8 3, PxP 4.BK8 5. PQR38 6. KtQB3 7. Kt Bs 8&8 BK2 9. Castles 10. PQKt492 MORPHY’S GAMES. 11.PQR3 11. KtK4 12. KtQ4 12.PQB4 13. KtxB 18. PxKt 14. PK B4 (a) 14, Kt Kt3 16. BB3 15. RQ Kt 16.QK2 16. QB2 17. PK R4(8) 17. KtxR P 18. B Kt4 18. KtxB 19. QxKt 19. QB 20. PK Kt3 20. Kt Kt 3 21.RB2 21.RB3 22, QRKB 22. P Kt5 23. PxP 23. PxP BLACK. a Ai og Y A ae oid on ge mT Ae Ls A "08 Lora a wi 5 glx 2BMATCH WITH LOWESTHAL. 93 4. Kt R 4 (e) 24. QB8 2. P Kes 25. QxK P 2%. BRT 26. QREKB 7.BK2 27. Q Kt2 28. BB2 28, KtxP and wins, (@) White has now a well-opened game, and the position is in his favor, (0) A blunder which at once changes the whole aspect of the game. ‘The intention was to have thrown up the King’s Knight's Pawn, which would have improved the position; but by some hallucination, the Rook’s Pawn was advanced instead, and left en prise. We adda dia- gram of the position preivous to the error. (See page 92.) (¢) Another and fatal mistake, giving up a second Pawn, and placing the game beyond the pale of recovery. GAME VIIL—(PHILIDOR'S DEFENCE.) White—Mr. Moxruy, Black.—Me, Lowenraan. 1.PK4 1.PK4 2KtKB3 2PQ8 3. PQ4 8. PxP 4. QxP 4 BQ2 5. BK3 6. KtK B8 6. Kt B38 6. BK2 7. BQB4 7. KtB3 8 QQ2 8 Kt K 4 9. KtxKt 9. PxKt 10. Castles K R 10. Castles 11. P B4 11. BQ 3 (a) 12, PB5 @) 12 BB38 13. QK2 13. PK BR 3(c) 14 QRQ 14.QK294 1b. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21, 22, 23. 25. 26. 27. 28. 30. 31. 33. 34, 35. 36. 37. 38. 41. 42. 45. 46. BQ5 KtxB RxKt Q Kt 4 (d) RQ3 QKt3 KRQ RxR BxB (¢) | QB2 KxQ PxR PK Kte4 PQR4 . K Kt3 KR4 KR5 . PKt3 K Kt6 PR3 PR4 P Ktd PxP KxP . KR4 . KKt4 KR5 KR4 . PRS . PxP K Kt4 PxP MORPHY’S GAMES. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21, 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31, 82. 83. 34. 35. 36. 387. 38. 39. 40. 41, 42. 43. 44, 45. 46. BxB KtxKt PKB8 PB3 BB4 QRQ RxR RQ QxB ch QxQ ch RxR . PB4(f) KB) PQKt3 KB2 KB KB2 KB K Kt KB K Kt R PxP PxP KB2 KK2 KB38 PR38 PKt3 PxR P KxP PR5 (A) PR4MATCH WITH LOWENTHAL, 47. KB3 47. KB8 48. KB2 48. KB2 49. K Kt38 49. K Kt 2(%) 50. KB2 50. KB 8 51. K Kt (4) 61. K Kt 4 52. K Kt2 52. KB5 53. KB2 53. PB 5 54. PxP 54, KxP 55. KK 2 55. KQ5 56. K B38 56. KxP 57. KK 4 57. K Kt5 58. KxP 58. KxP 59. KQ4 59. K Kt5, and wins. ae Yiilldia Ba» CW You96 MORPHY’S GAMES. NOTES. (a) It would have been better to have taken the Pawn. (8) This cramped Black’s position excessively. (c) Taking P with either Kt or B would have been highly injudicious. (d) Mr. Morphy thinks that this was premature, and that K R, as it would have prevented the exchange of Bishops, would have given him a trong game. (¢) If White had taken the Rook, thinking to win the piece, Black, as will be gathered from the diagram on the preceding page, would have gained an advantage as follows : 28, Rx Rch 23. QxR 24, BxB 24. QQ 8ch 25. KB2 25. Qx P ch, recovering the piece, with a better game. (f) This was the correct move. 2 a a aa Co mea Z Bee aMATCH WITH LOWENTHAL. 97 (g) The position here for Black was one of much difficulty, and re- quired no little care and accuracy. The loss of a move would have Deen fatal. (4) The proper mode of retaining the opposition, (0) Great nicety of play was required here also, and had the King been played elsewhere, the game would have been lost. (B) This loses the game. The end game forming an instructive stady, we edd a diagram showing the position after White's 47th move. (See page 96.) GAME IX.—(RUY LOPEZ KNIGHT'S GAME.) White—Mz. Lowewrma.. Black.—Mx. Morrny. LPK4 1PK4 2KtK B8 2 KtQB8 3. BKt5 3. BB 4 (a) 4PB8 4.QK2 5. Castles 5. P B83 (8) i 6&PQ4 6. B Kt 8 4 7. KteR8 7. KtQ 8 KtB4 8. Kt B2 9. KtK3 9. PB3 10. Kt B5 10.QB 11. BQ3 1L PKs 12. Kt Kt3 12.PQ 3 1. PQR4 13, BKt5 4.PR5 14.BB2 15. PR8 15. BQ2 16. QKt3 16. KtQ WRK 17. BK8 18. QB2 18. Kt K 2 19, PKt4 19. QKta20. 21. 22. 23. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42, 45. 46. 47. 49. 50. 51. PB4 BK3 PQ5 QRQ . KR K PxP () BQB(@ B Kt 2 (¢) QB38 B Kt RQ2 Kt R2 Kt K 4 BxKt PB8 RKB RK2 BxKt PB5 KRK(/f) P Ktd QR 3 (h) P Ke . BPxR P RQB(i) BxR QKt4 RK . BKt2 Kt Kt 4 Ke B2 QB3 MORPHY’S GAMES, 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28, 29. 30. 31. 82. 33. 34, 35. 36. 87. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42, 43. 44, 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. Kt B2 Castles K R BQ2 KR PxP PB4 QRK Kt Kt KtB3 RK Kt QR38 PB5 KtxKt PK Kt4 QR5 KtR3 Kt B4 BxB QR8 KRBQ) QRB K Kt R PxP BQ RxR ch QKt3 BQ6 BK2 RK PR4 PKtd BB4MATCH WITH LOWENTHAL. 99 | 52. B PxP 52. PxP 53. PxP 53. BxP 54. KtxB 54. QxKt 55. RQB 55. K B2 56. Q K R 8 (k) 56. QxQ ch 57. PxQ 57. PB6 58 RB (2) 58. PK5 59. BQ 4 . 59. BB3 60. BK 3 60. RQR 61. BQ2 61. BQ5 62 PR4 62. K Kt8 6. KR2 63. RK B 64. K Kt3 64. PB7 65. K Kt 2 : 65. PK6 66. BK 66. KR 4 67. K Kt8 67. PxBQ ch, and wins. NOTES (a) This line of defence is decidedly inferior to either that of Kt K B 8orP QR 8, for it allows the first player to throw up at once his QB P, attack the Bishop, and establish his Pawns securely in the centre of the board; but we believe Mr. Morphy was anxious to test the merit of Mr. Boden’s defence of P B 3 on his fifth move, and thus it was that he adopted this form of play. (b) This move, lately adopted at the suggestion of Mr. Boden, seems to us only to give the second player a more cramped position than any other defence, and we cannot, therefore, recommend it. (0) Better than taking with B P, as Black might then have advan- tageously replied Q B Q B. (@) This was the correct move, it effectually checked the threatened advance of the King’s Pawn. ¢) This Bishop now occupies # most commanding diagonal. (f) With a view of taking off the Queen’s Pawn and then sacrificing nes : 634158 A -100 MORPHY’S GAMES, (g) Aiming at the release of the King from a position where he was 80 thoroughly commanded. (A) This position, of which we give a diagram on account of its in- terest, was closely examined by some of the best analysts in the metrop- olis, who came to the conclusion that White should have played P Q B 6 at this juncture. The main variations we extract from the Sunday Times, and the whole analysis clearly shows that White would have had a won game by #0 playing, ¢. g.: 41. PB6 41. PxP (best) 42. QPxP 42, RQKtorA 48. Q Kt 4 48, QK3 44, RQ2 44, KRQ 45. BQ 4, and Black has no means whatever of checking the advance of the Pawns, which must therefore win. (A) 42. QK8* 48, PKt6 48. PxP 44, PxP 44. BxP 45. RxP 45. atate rom te R P (best T. Rx 48. RB 8 ch Best) 49. Q 50. BBe BL. QEt8ch 52. QxKt ch (a) White had so fine a game, through the advanced position of the two Pawns, that, with ordinary care and judgment, he ought to have made the victory his own. The move in the text is weak. P R 6 would have been far more effective and caused Black much embarrassment, thus: 44,PR6 44, BxPorA * QB 8 would lead to no better result, + BXB wonld be inferior, @. g.: 41. RXB 4. QxQ 48, BxQ ch aK Kt | 49. BxP ch 49. KB9 0. EtKt 4 or B 50. RXP 1. Kt K 6 oh bL KB 8, with a good game. @) 30, BKt Toh 30. KK8 &.MATCH WITH JOWENTHAL, 101 45. PxP 45. RQ Kt 46. QR6 46. BQ 5 (best)* 47. BR 3, with a fine game. (A) “ 44, PxP 45. PEt7 45. RKt 46. Qx P, with an excellent position. (k) A grievous error. Had the exchange of Queens been challenged st KB 8, White’s position would have been far the better of the two. (D The position again is one of much interest, and was regarded by the lookers-on with the utmost attention. It was considered by some good judges of the game, that if P R6 had been played here, White ‘would still have been able to maintain the advantage, and this was con- tended 90 strongly that Mesers. Brien and Zytogorski were induced to give the matter more attention than perhaps it deserved. The result, however, was the able analysis that appeared in Bell’s Life, which dearly disproved the soundness of the opinion advanced. (See diagram, page 102.) 6L EXP 61. EEB3 02. RE R6ch 52. K Q 4, with the better gama, If 48. BB4o0rQ, 47. BXP, de.102 MORPHY'S GAMES, i. a - = Ni ss a "ee ae “ies a ne me 4 e. a ‘2 ae a a. a iS eo ® \ aft i> a aa ” s a a ma Js GAME X.—(FRENCH OPENING.) White—Mr. Morruy. Black.—Mr, LiwentHau, 1PK4 1.PK8 2.PQ4 2.PQ4 3. PxP 3. PxP 4. KtK B38 4, KtK B3 5. BQ3 5. BQ3 6. Castles 6. Castles 7. Kt B38 7. P B38 (a) & BK Ktd 8 PKR38MATCH WITH LOWENTHAL, 9BR4 10. PKR8 11. QxB 12 BBS 2B. QRK uwRKS8 b.RK2 16. KtxR 17. BxQ Kt 18. Kt Kt 8 (6) 19. Kt B5 20. B Kt 8 (@) 21. PxB 2.PB3 23. PKR4 2%. PBA(f) 25. KtxP 26. KtxP 27. Kt B6 ch 28. QxKt 29. RB5 30. RK5 31.RKT7 32. QK5 83. RK 8 ch 9. 10. 11. 12. 18, 14. 15. 16. V7. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24, 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. QR 5 ch and wins. NOTES. 103 BKKt5 BxKt QKteQ2 QB2 QRE BBS RxR BQ8 KtxB RK () KtB BxB RK5 Kt R2 PKR4 (0) Kt B 8 (g) Ke Kt5 RxP KtxKt RxP (A) RK Kt5 QB QB Q Kt 2 (i) KR2 (a) Authors generally recommend P K R 8, but no disadvantage seems attendant on the move adopted in the text. (b) A good conception. The object of it was to plant the Kt B5 where it promised to hold a strong position.104 MORPHY'S GAMES. (c) Black dare n Ee are eee hake mn account of White ree ange The move chosen @ good one, as it gave the Rook (@) This was well played, The position here is given in a diagram. BLACK, a Gieee ae ae aon le et > ee \\\ Ae aa Ai , uy “? Big ( 7) This gives res White the adv vantage, and was a strong reply. (g) A sad and unaccountable blunder, ree at once s Pawn and e game. (A) R Kt 5 would perhaps have e been better, but the game was alto- gether beyond recovery. (i) Had Black played R K 5, White must have won through his Pawns,MATCH WITH LOWENTHAL, GAME XIL—(SICILIAN OPENING.) White-—Mr. Lowenrnan, Black.—Mx. Monray. 169PK4 1. PQB4 (a) 2. KteKB3 2PK8 3. PQ4 3. PxP 4. KtxP (5) 4. KtQB3 5. Kt Kt 5 6. PQR8 6. Kt Q6 ch 6. BxKt 7. QxB 7.QK2 8. Q Kt 3 (ce) 8& Kt B38 9. KtB3 9. PQ 4 (a) 10. PK5 10. KtK R4 11. QB3 11. PK Ke3 12. PK Kt4 12. KtxP (e) 138.QK2 13. KtxP (f) 14. QxKt 144.PK4 15. QR4ch 15. BQ2 16. QKt38 16. PQ5 17. QxKt P 17. Castles 18. KtQ5 18. QQ3 19. B Kt 2 q@) 19. PK5 20. PQB4 20. PB4 21. QKt4 21.QK4 22. (KT 22. BK 3 23. QQ B7 23. Q Kt 2 24. QxQ ch 24. KtxQ 25. Kt Kt 6 (h) 25. QR Kt 26. PB5 26. KtR 4 27. P Kt4 27. KB2 28. Castles 28. P Kt 4 29. RQ 2. KRQ()106 80. BxKtP ~ 31.PKR4 32. RxP 83. Kt Q7 34. PxR MORPHY’S GAMES, 80. R K Kt 31. RK Kts 82. QR Kt 33. RxB 34, RxP 35. Kt B5 36. RR4ch 387. KtQ4 38. PxP en pas. 39. K B 3 40. R R38 41. R Kt 3 chMATCH WITH LOWENTHAL. 107 42. K B2 42. Kt B6 4. BQ38 43. BQ4 44. BxP 44. R Kt2 4.RKB4 45. BxKt 46. RxB, and wins. NOTES. (c) With those partial to close openings, this was some short time ‘go a very favored defence, mainly owing to a statement in Staunton’s Handbook that it was the best reply to the opening moveP K 4. A defence, however, of the suthor’s, which he successfully adopted against both Anderssen and Staunton, fully exposed the fallacy of the assertion, and the move is now out of vogue.108 MORPHY’S GAMES. (5) A fall analysis of this move will be found in the report of the British Chess Association for 1857. (c) This is the correct move here, (d) Mr. Morphy has pointed out to us that he ought rather to have played this Pawn but one step. (e) This was a hazardous sacrifice, but Mr. Morphy preferred making it rather than incur the cramped game that he would have hed if he had retreated the Kt Kt 2. We give a diagram of the position after White's twelfth move. (See p. 106.) (f) As the piece was irretrievebly lost, Mr. Morphy chose the wisest course in capturing the second Pawn. (g) This was the proper move. (h) Better than playing to Q B 7. (i) Mr. Morphy thinks that P Q 6 would have been the correct play, but to that move we believe P B 8 would have furnished a satisfactory reply. We give a diagram, (See p. 107.) GAME XI.—(FRENCH OPENING.) White.--Mr. Morpny. Black.—Mr. Liwenraau. 1.PK4 1PK8 2.PQ4 2PQ4 3. PxP 3. PxP 4, KtK B3 4. KtK B3 5. BQ3 5. B K 3 (a) 6. Castles 6 BQ8 7. KtB3 7. PQB3 8. Kt K 5 (6) 8 QKt3 9 BK3 9. QKtQ2 10. PB 4 (c) 10. BxKt 11. B PxB 11. Kt Kt 5 (d@) 12.QQ2 12. KtxB 18. QxKt 13. QxKt P109 MATCH WITH LOWENTHAL. = oO Fon = = on igarakgat ad ek oimoktocag COSM MM MAA Mm aeeusdadagdaga i 7 . & zs 4 3 At awe Oyen S MO wd OB ew ee BMonokMommmaa ASsneeegingag |110 MORPHY’S GAMES. NOTES. a) Weak play. Bringing out the K B is decidedly better. (6) Gaining a good position. (c) In Mr. Morphy’s hands this move seems always productive of immediate advantage. (d) Taking K IP with Kt would have availed nothing, as White would have played Kt R 4, attacking the Queen. (c) This was well played, as will be seen from a study of the dia- gram subjoined, (See p. 109.) (f) Mr. Morphy subsequently observed that taking Kt with Bishop, when he played this move, would have been much stronger, as then Black could not have advanced the Pawn to Q Kt 8. (g) If the Bishop had been captured, White might have replied with RxQ Kt P—a winning move. (A) A blunder, of which Mr. Morphy at once takes the fullest advan- tage. GAME XIIL—(PETROFF’S DEFENCE.) White—Mr. Lowewrnat. Black.—Mr. Monrur. 1PK4 1PK4 2. KtKB3 2 KtK BS 8. KtxP 38. PQ8 4 KtK B38 4, KtxP 5. PQ4 5. PQ4 6. BQ38 6 BK2 7. Castles 7 KtQB3 8 PB4 8 BK8 9. PxP 9. BxP 10. Kt B3 10. KtxKt 11. PxKt 11. Castles 12 BK B4 12. BQ8 18. BxB ~ 13. QxB14. PBA (a) . BxKt P (6) . QKts8 . PKR8 . KtQ . PxKt . Kt B2 . Kt B 8 (a) . Kt B 2 . QRQ 24. P Kt 4 (6) 25. 26. . PR4 » KRK 11MORPHY’S GAMES. 112 W 12 $ anette a3 s Saat ntocaMoo’ ee age aN a RMMROGOCOMMOS aE = naasddadesegs eae =i i S 3 S4 less aw 2 2 LC gkogeuaena RK - 2- no iddgdddgegs k (gos aeMATCH WITH LOWENTHAL. 11s 40. K B2 40. QxP 41. PR8 41. QK2 42. K Kt8 42. Q K 8ch 43. K Kt2 43, QQ7 ch 44. KK Kt3 44. Q K 8 ch, and the game was abandoned as drawn. NOTES. (@) Correctly played. (4) Black had no better move; for if he had retreated the Bishop toB 2, White might have replied with PQ 5; the Knight then would have been foreed to K 2, whereupon would have followed R K, and White would have had a good position. The diagram will aid the stu- dent to examine this, (See p. 111.)114 MORPHY’S GAMES. (c) Improving his game yet farther. (d) A lost move. (e) P Kt 8 would perhaps have been better. (f) This wins a piece, as will be seen on an examination of the po- sition given on p, 112. (y) It would have been safer to have taken the Pawn. (4) K Kt 8 seems preferable. (i) A vexatious and extraordinary oversight, that throws away an easily won game, (See diagram, p. 118.) GAME XIV.—(RUY LOPEZ KNIGHT'S GAME.) White.—Mr. Morrny. Block.—Mr, Lowenrnan. 1PK4 ‘1PKA4 2. KtK B8 2. KtQB3 38. BKt5 3 PQR3 4,.BR4 4. KtB3 6 PQ4 5. PxP 6 PKS5 6. KtK 5 7. Castles (a) 7. KtB4 8. BxKt 8 QPxB 9. KtxP 9. KtK3 10. KtxKt 10. BxKt 11. QK2 11. BQB4 12. KtB3 12. QK 2 (8) 18. Kt K 4 18. PR3 14.BK3 14. BxB 15. QxB 15. BB4 16. Kt Kt3 16. BxP (c) 17. PB 4 (@) 17. PK Kt38 18. PK 6 (0) 18. BB4maton wrrk LSwEnraat. 115 19. KtxB 20. PxP ch 21.QKR8 2 QRK 2. RK 5(f) 4KRK 25. RxR 26. Q Kt 3 ch 27.PKR8 22. QK3 2KR2 30. QK 2 31. RK6 QR5 » PQ Ks Rx P QxB Pch QxQ ch RR5 PK Kt4 K Kt3 RR7 PxP PBS5 RK7ch PB6 PKt5 KB4 PxP KB5 BR K 3, and wins. wo fp SEASSEERESSSARRES 19. 20. 21. 22. 23, 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 380. 81. 82. 33. 84. 35. 86. 87. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44, 45. 46. 47. 48. PxKt KxP QB3 KRK K Kt8 RxR RQ KR2 RQ2 PKs PB4 QKts QKt2 RQ4 PKt4@) RQ8s8 QKte3 KxQ R Kt 8 (h) PB8 PR4 PxP KB38 KK4 KQ8 R Kt RKB PB5 PxP PB6116 MORPHY’S GAMES, NOTES. @) If Q K 2, Black’s reply would have been Kt B 4. (8) The second player has now quite as eligible a game as usually results when he is defending himself against the Ruy Lopez uttack. (c) This may be termed the cause of all subsequent embarrassment, and Mr. Lowenthal should have reflected that the sacrifice of the Pawn would not have been offered, save on valid grounds. (d) Every advantage is taken of the opponent's weak play. (¢) An admirable move, threatening to win a piece by Q Q B 8, and at the same time so improving his position as to make the game in a manner his own, As the position is one of interest we represent it on a diagram. ae na Lin i, Ez ae na - LEY — gee oe bo, (f) This is again well played, for if the Rooks were exchanged his antagonist’s game would be compromised, as follows:. sT wow MATCH WITH LOWENTHAL. 7 28. RxR A, PxR 24. QxP 25. RxP ch, and the Black Queen is lost. The position of the forces after White's 23d move. (g) The sacrifice of the two Pawns could not be considered and the position of Black altogether so embarrassing, that successful extrication from it seems out of the question. The apparently feasible move of Q K B would have had no more beneficial result ; the answer thereto would have been P K Kt 4. (A) Here P Q B 8 would have been a better move,MATCH BETWEEN MR. MORPHY AND MR. MONGREDIEN. This match was played at the Hotel du Louvre, in Paris. It was commenced on the 26th February, and ended early in March, 1859. The winner of the first seven games was to be the victor ; and the final score stood thus: Mor- phy 7, Mongredien 0, drawn 1. It may be as well to state that Mr. Mongredien is President of the London Chess Club; the match would have been played in England if Mr. Morphy could have made it convenient to do so. As how- ever this would have broken through Mr. Morphy’s other engagements, Mr. Mongredien followed the distinguished American to France, where the combatants met. GAME I—{DOUBLE GAMBIT.) Whéte.—Mr. Moxanepirn. Black.—Me. Monruy. 1.PK4 1.PK4 2.BB4 2BB4MATCH WITH MONGREDIEN. 119 8. PQ Kt4 (a) PKB4 PxQP . Kt K 2 PB3 PQ4 QxP 10. B B38 (8) 11. KtxB 12. Castles (c) 13. QxB 14. QB3(@) 156. QRKt 16. BxKt 17.PB4 18. RxP 19. KR 20. KtxP 21. KtK5(/) 22. PxKt 23. QQ Kt3 24. PxQ 25. RxR P (g) PPA RAD was abandoned as drawn. 8. BxP 4.PQ4 5. PKS5 6 KtKB8 7. BQB4 8. PxP en passant 9. Castles 10. BxB 11. B Ke 5 12. BxKt 13. KtxP 14.PQB38, 15. QK 2 («) 16. PxB 17. PxP 18. KtQ2 19. KRK 20. QK8 21. KtxKt 22,.RKB 23. QxQ 24. QR Kt 25. RxP and the game NOTES. (a) This bold move generally leads to very interesting positions, (6) Well played. It was the best way of getting rid of the adverse Bishop, and enabling himself to castle on the King’s side. _ (©) The wisest course Mr. Mongredien could have chosen; for had