31.

r(t)= 4 cos 2 ti+ 4 sin 2 tj

r (t)= -4 sin 2 ti+ 4 cos 2 tj

2 ti
4 cos 2 tj

2
4 sin +

|r ( t )|=

|r ( t )|= 16 sin 2 ti+16 cos 2 tj

sin

( 22 ti +cos2 2 )
16
r

(
| t )|=
2

sin ti
16( +cos 2)
|r ( t )|=

|r ( t )|= 17

r ' ( t )=4 sin 2 ti+ 4 cos 2 tj

|t ' ( t )|=

4
17

|t ' ( t )|= 4 sin 2 ti+ 4 cos 2 tj

17

|t ' ( t )|= 4

17

cos 2 ti

4
sin 2 tj
17

2 tj
4
sin
17

2
4
(
sin2 ti) +
17
|t' ( t )|=

|t ' ( t )|=

16
16
cos2 ti+ sen2 tj
19
17

cos

( 2ti +sen 2 tj)

16

17
|t ' ( t )|=

|t ' ( t )|=

16
(1)
17

|t ' ( t ) =

16
4
=
17 17

|r ' (t )|=17
|t ' ( t )|=

4
17

4
17
17
k=
1
k=

3
289

k=

3
17

32.

r ( t ) =2cos ti+ sin tj

r ' ( t )=2 cos ti+sin tj

ti
2sin

tj
cos

|r ' (t )|=

|r ' (t )|= 4 sin2 ti+cos 2 tj

sin
4 ( 2 ti+cos 2 tj )
|r ' ( t )|=

|r ' (t )|= 4(1)

|r ' (t )|= 4
T ( t )=2sin ti+

( t )=

1
cos tj
4

2
1
sin ti+
cos tj
4
4

sin ti
2

|T ' (t)|=

tj
1sin

tj
1
cos
2

|T ' (t)|=

2
1
|T ' (t)|= 1 sen + cos
4

1
4

|T ' (t)|= 1+ (sin2 +cos2 )

|T ' (t) =

|T ' (t)|=

5
5
(1)=
4
4

5
4

|r ' (t )|= 4
4
k = k=1.48
5
4

33. r(t)=acoswti + a senwtj

t(t)= -asenwti a cos wtj

wti
a sin

wtj
cos

|r ' (t)|=

|r ' (t )|=a 2 sen2 wti+a2 cos2 wtj

2

a+a
2
2
()+( sen w+ cos w)
|r ' ( t )|=

|r ' (t )|=a4
t ( t )=

asenwtj+acoswtj
a4

t' ( t ) =

a
a
senwti+ 4 coswtj
4
a
a

a
senwti
a 4

a
coswtj
a 4

|T ' ( t )|=

a 4 senwt j

coswtj
a 4

'
|T ( t )|=
a8 sen 2 wtia 8 coswtj

'
|T ( t )|=

|T ' ( t )|= a8 (sen2 wticos2 wtj)

|T ' ( t )|= a8 (1)

|T ' ( t )|= a8 (1)

|T ' ( t )|= a8 (1)

|r ' (t )|=a4
a8
k= 4
a