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Chemistry II
Students can use the LeChateliers principle to predict the effect of changes in
concentration, temperature, and pressure.
a.
Students know how to use Le Chatelier's principle to predict the effect of changes
in concentration, temperature, and pressure.
b.
Students know equilibrium is established when forward and reverse reaction rates
are equal.
c.
Students know how to write and calculate an equilibrium constant expression for a
reaction.
http://www.chm.davidson.edu/ChemistryApplets/equilibria/LeChatelier.html
http://www.chm.davidson.edu/ChemistryApplets/equilibria/Volume.html
http://www.chm.davidson.edu/ChemistryApplets/equilibria/Temperature.html
(4) Discussion (10min): Teacher and students talk about the experiments
analyzing the results and drawing the conclusions.
http://www.ausetute.com.au/lechatsp.html
http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch16/lechat.html
Le Chatelier's Principle
1. The objects of the experiments
Students can use the Le Chateliers principle to predict the effect of changes in
concentration, temperature, and pressure.
2. Concepts
The first step in the conversion of coal into gasoline is the steam reforming reaction.
C (s) + H2O (g)
CO (g) + H2 (g)
Suppose that 0.0500 mole (the analytical amount) each of carbon, water, carbon
monoxide, and hydrogen are placed in a 10.0 L glass bulb, which is then heated to 1000
K and the steam reforming reaction is allowed to reach equilibrium. When the system
reaches equilbrium, the amounts of four materials have been changed to the
equilibrium amount: the equilibrium amounts of carbon and water are 0.0093 mole and
the equilibrium amounts of carbon monoxide and hydrogen are 0.0907 mole. However,
if we change the conditions of the system, the system will reach a new equilibrium by a
reaction occurring. We are going to find the direction of the reaction and new
equilibrium constants when the concentrations, volumes and temperature are changed.
Question) Write the formula of the chemical equilibrium constant of this reaction. And
calculate the constant using the equilibrium amounts of the materials at 1000K. Beware
of the fact that the volume of the container is 10.0L.
Using the following site, do experiments and fill out the table of data.
http://www.chm.davidson.edu/ChemistryApplets/equilibria/LeChatelier.html
increase
or
decrease
1
of
the
3. Change the analytical amount of water in the reaction, and find the equilibrium amounts of the
increase
or
decrease
1
of
the
Using the following site, do experiments and fill out the table of data.
http://www.chm.davidson.edu/ChemistryApplets/equilibria/Volume.html
In this experiment the stress brought upon the system is a change in volume.
What is the consequence of changing the volume of a gas?
Change the volume of the system and find the equilibrium amounts of the four materials and
calculate the equilibrium constants.
Number of experiment
The changed volume (L)
The equilibrium amount of C
The equilibrium amount of H2O
The equilibrium amount of CO
The equilibrium amount of H2
The equilibrium constant
Using the following site, do experiments and fill out the table of data.
http://www.chm.davidson.edu/ChemistryApplets/equilibria/Temperature.html
Change the temperature of the system and find the equilibrium amounts of the four materials and
calculate the equilibrium constants.
Number of experiment
4. Findings
(1) The effect of changes in concentration
1. When a reactant is increased, which direction of reaction occurs? Why?
5. How does a change in the analytical amount of a reactant or product affect the
equilibrium constant in the system?
5. Conclusion
6. Home work
Find 10 examples of the chemical equilibrium shift in our daily life.