LCD Driving Principle and

Driving Circuits
Speaker: Wenbinchen
Date: 2011/3/24

Outline
LCD Driving Principle
LCD Structure
Basic Operation
Driving method

LCD Driving Circuits

Driving Circuits Structure
Gate Driver
Source Driver

Outline
LCD Driving Principle
LCD Structure
Basic Operation
Driving method

LCD Driving Circuits

Driving Circuits Structure
Gate Driver
Source Driver

LCD Structure

LCD Structure

LCD Structure

LCD Structure

Basic Operation --- TN

Basic Operation --- TN

90

Polarizer

LC
Voltage

Polarizer

Transmittance(%)

100
90

Back Light

10
0.0
Voltage (Between Vcom & Pixel)

Basic Operation --- TN

(data linepixel ITO)

Cst

Id
10E-6

Vg < -3V, TFT

turn off
Data line

Pixel ITO

Pixel ITO
(Display area)

Vg > 5V, TFT turn on

Data line
Pixel ITO
10E-11
10E-12

Data Line

-10

-5

10

20

Vg
(Gate )

TFT
Gate Line

TFT

Pixel

Gate line ,TFT

turn on.data line
pixel ITO

Driving Method
Gate_Line
Data_Line
Gate Line

Sub_Pixel

Data Line

Driving Method
Voltage

G1

T= 0

G2
t=0

Selected
row

Nonselected
row

t=1

time

Driving Method
Gate_LineScan
pixel

T= 1
NonSelected
row

Selected
row

Driving Method

Gate line driving waveformData line driving waveform

Voltage

Frame Time

Voltage
V64

G1

Data Line 1~N

G1

G2

G2

G3
G3

GN

G1
Time

t1 t2 t3

tN t1

Driving Method
AC driving instead of DC
driving

If DC driving..

Pixel Charging Behavior

Considering the related capacitance in pixel
holding state
Signal n-1

Signal n

Gate n-1

C lc

C pd

C st

C pd

Gate n

C gs
CF ITO

TFT

Pixel Charging Behavior

Signal M-1

Signal M

Gate N - 1
Gate N-1

Gate N
Pixel MN
Signal
M

Gate N

Pixel
MN

Charging

Pixel Charging Behavior

Vgate(n-1)

Vgate(n)

1/1000

Gn-1

Gn

999/1000

Pixel charging : 1/1000

Pixel holding : 999/1000

Vgate(n)
Vgate(n-1)
Vdata
VPixel
Vcom

Pixel Charging Behavior

Vgh

C pd(next)
Vpixel(p)

Vcom

Vpixel(n)
Vgl

C st
C pd(own)

C lc

C gs

On

Off

Pixel Charging Behavior

Vgh

C pd(own)
Vpixel(p)

Vcom

Vpixel(n)

Vgl

C st
C pd(next)

C lc

C gs

On

Off

Pixel Charging Behavior

Vgh

Feed-Through
Feed through Voltage
C pd(own)
Vpixel(p)

Vcom

Vpixel(n)
Vgl

C st
C pd(next)

C lc

C gs

On

Off

Outline
LCD Driving Principle
LCD Structure
Basic Operation
Driving method

LCD Driving Circuits

Driving Circuits Structure
Gate Driver
Source Driver

LCD Structure
DC/DC

Y-Driver IC

DC/DC
converter

Receiver

Connector

Connector

ASIC
Timing
Controller
RSDS/TTL
Transmitter

VGA &
Scalar

Source Driver

Gamma
Correction

Power
Transmitter

Timing controller

Cell
X-Driver IC

X PCB
Gate Driver
:XPCBA

Driving Circuits Structure

Signal flow

DC/DC

Driving Circuits Structure

AVDD = (0.2 + 3.8 + 0.2)*2 = 8.4V
V0
V1

7.6V

3.8V

V6

4.31V
Vcom
TRANSMISSION

V7
3.29V

3.8V

V8

V13
AVDD decides maximum driving voltage of LC

0V

VOLTAGE

Driving Circuits Structure

Column Driver
Row Drivers
Gate
Source
Vgh

Drain
Vgon-min

Tg
Vgpp
Vgd

Vspp

Vgdholding
Vgh/Vgl depend on TFT pixel charging and
Vst:

Vsh
Vdh
Vst
Common
Vsl
Vdl
Vgoff-min
Vgl

Gate Driver---Functional Block

Level shift
Logic
Shift register

Logic output = ( Din and OE ) or (not XON)

Gate Driver---Shift Register

YDIO1

CLK

CLK

CLK

CLK

CLK

CLK

YCLK

Out 1

Out 2

Function of shift register

Out 3

Out 255

Out 256

YDIO2

Gate Driver---Level Shifter

VGH

When logic output=1

Gate1 open

gate1
(Vgh,Vgl)
Analog output

(1,0)
When logic output=0
Gate2 open

gate2
VGL

Function of Level shifter

Source Driver---Functional Block

Y2

Y383

Y1

Y3

Y382

Y384

Output Buffer (384 Channels)

VGMA1 ~
VGMA14
6

DATAPOL

6
6

Data Register

6
6

Line Latch ( 384 X 6 Bit )

STB

CLKP
CLKN

128
SHL

128-bit Shift Register

DIO2

DIO1

DVDD

6
Level Shift

RSDS Receiver

D00P/N
D01P/N
D02P/N
D10P/N
D11P/N
D12P/N
D20P/N
D21P/N
D22P/N

POL

R-DAC

DGND

AVDD

AGND

Source Driver---R-DAC
B0

B0

B1

B1

B2

B2

VGMA1
R0

VGMA2
R1

VGMA3
R2

VGMA4

OP

R3

VGMA5
R4

VGMA6
R5

VGMA7
R7

VGMA8

Quiz #2 ()
1. LC driving LC mode ?
2. Full HD TV1920x
1080 ?
3. (Pixel charge behavior)
?
4. feed through voltage
?
5.
IC1440(Channel)
IC?
6. Array Process?