Nursing theory

LYDIA HALLS CORE, CURE AND CARE

The notion of nursing centres around the three components of:
(1) Core which involves the therapeutic use of self and
emphasizes the use of reflection, (2) Cure which focuses of
nursing related to the physicians orders. Core and cure are
shared with other health care providers; and (3) Care which
represents nurturance and is exclusive to nursing.
The understanding of Halls theory may be tracked back to the interrelationships of the three
components, with one component taking precedence over the two at varying points during the
adult who is past the acute stage of illness.
In order to provide optimum care for the client, the nurse must collaborate with the other
health professionals and the patient themselves. Through the date that has been gathered from
these people, a nursing action will be imposed in order to provide optimum care for the patient
and as well as boost the planned interventions from other health professionals.
Being diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type II, chronic kidney disease and hypertensive
cardiovascular disease does not only solve by only one individual but rather be solved not just
by the professionals but also to the patient and the community.
In relation with that of our client, there was a collaborative team work between the nurses,
physicians, medical technicians, pharmacist, radiologist, and others who are part in the medical
team. It wouldnt be possible for our patient to be relieved from her illness if these medical team
isnt complete. Like for instance the haemodialysis of the patient, drugs from the pharmacist, lab
test done by medical technologist, chest x-rays done by radiologist, physicians order and nurses
care.
Patient

COR

CUR
CAR

physician

Nurses
Faye Glenn Abdellas TWENTY ONE NURSING PROBLEMS
"Nursing is based on an art and science that mould the attitudes, intellectual competencies, and
technical skills of the individual nurse into the desire and ability to help people , sick or well,
cope with their health needs."
Faye Glenn Abdellah
Abdellahs Typology of 21 Nursing Problems
Abdellah developed a list of 21 nursing problems and divided it into four categories
which are as follows:
BASIC TO ALL PATIENTS
1. To maintain good hygiene and physical comfort
2. To promote optimal activity: exercise, rest and sleep
3. To promote safety through the prevention of accidents, injury, or other trauma
and through the prevention of the spread of infection
4. To maintain good body mechanics and prevent and correct deformity
SUSTENAL CARE NEEDS
5. To facilitate the maintenance of a supply of oxygen to all body cells
6. To facilitate the maintenance of nutrition of all body cells
7. To facilitate the maintenance of elimination
8. To facilitate the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance
9. To recognize the physiological responses of the body to disease conditions
10. To facilitate the maintenance of regulatory mechanisms and functions
11. To facilitate the maintenance of sensory function.
12.
REMEDIAL CARE NEEDS
13. To identify and accept positive and negative expressions, feelings, and reactions
14. To identify and accept the interrelatedness of emotions and organic illness
15. To facilitate the maintenance of effective verbal and non-verbal communication
16. To promote the development of productive interpersonal relationships
17. To facilitate progress toward achievement of personal spiritual goals

18. To create and / or maintain a therapeutic environment

19. To facilitate awareness of self as an individual with varying physical , emotional, and
developmental needs
RESTORATIVE CARE NEEDS
20. To accept the optimum possible goals in the light of limitations, physical and emotional
21. To use community resources as an aid in resolving problems arising from illness
22. To understand the role of social problems as influencing factors in the case of illness
In addition to the 21 nursing problems, Abdellah and her colleagues identified i 10 steps
to identify the clients problems and 11 nursing skills to be used in developing a treatment
typology.
10 Steps to Identify the Clients Problems
1. Learn to know the patient
2. Sort out relevant and significant data
3. Make generalizations about available data in relation to similar nursing problems
4.
5.
6.
7.

presented by other patients

Identify the therapeutic plan
Test generalizations with the patient and make additional generalizations
Validate the patients conclusions about his nursing problems
Continue to observe and evaluate the patient over a period of time to identify any

attitudes and clues affecting his behavior

8. Explore the patients and familys reaction to the therapeutic plan and involve them in the
plan
9. Identify how the nurses feels about the patients nursing problems
10. Discuss and develop a comprehensive nursing care plan
11 Nursing Skills
1. Observation of health status
2. Skills of communication
3. Application of knowledge
4. Teaching of patients and families
5. Planning and organization of work
6. Use of resource materials
7. Use of personnel resources
8. Problem-solving
9. Direction of work of others
10. Therapeutic use of the self
11. Nursing procedure

In Abdellahs typology of 21 nursing problems, Our patient mostly related to the category of
sustenal care needs, specifically the problems in facilitating the maintenance of fluid and
electrolyte balance, recognizing the physiological responses of the body to disease conditions,
facilitating the maintenance of regulatory mechanisms and functions and facilitating the
maintenance of sensory function. As student nurses, it is our duty to help the patient meet her
various needs, despite of her inability to do it because of her disease. It is also our duty to
increase the patients self-help ability through our health teachings. During the making of our
nursing care plan for our patient, we were able to apply Abdellahs ten steps in identifying the
clients nursing problems from knowing the patient and his health problem down to discussing
and developing our care plans with each other. We were also able to utilize her 10 nursing skills,
especially with the observation of health status when we had our first encounter with the patient,
the application of knowledge when we used the information we gained during our NCM lecture
to be able to understand the condition of the client and her treatment and lastly the teaching of
patient and families when we rendered our health teachings and nursing interventions in order
to give our holistic care to the client.