Nama : Fitri Ananda

NIM : 21060114120003
TUGAS KOMUNIKASI DATA
EXERCISE CHAPTER 1 PACKET-SWITCHED NETWORKS
COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
3. Stored on a CD-ROM is a 200 MB message to be transmitted by an e-mail from
one mail server to another, passing three nodes of a connectionless network. This
network forces packets to be of size 10 KB, including a packet header of 40
bytes. Nodes are 400 miles apart, and servers are 50 miles away from their
corresponding nodes. All transmission links are of type 100 Mb/s. The processing
time at each node is 0.2 seconds per packet.
a. Find the propagation delays per packet between a server and a node and
between nodes.
b. Find the total time required to send this message.
Jawab :
Asumsikan bahwa kecepatan transmisi adalah 2.3 x 108
a) Total Delay untuk connectionless network adalah
D = np + (nh -2)]t f + (n h 1)t p + n ht r
b) tp1 =
tp2 =

50 miles 1600 m/miles

2.3 10 8 m/ s

= 0.35 ms

400 miles 1600 m/miles

8
2.3 10 m/s

= 2.8 ms

Packet 10000 bytes juga termasuk 40 bytes header, maka banyaknya paket np
np =

tf =

200 MB
10000 B40 B

10040

200000 KB
9,96 KB

B
8 b /B
pockets
100 Mb /s

= 20080

= 0.8 ms/pockets

D = [(2-1)0.35 + (3-1)2.8] + [2080 + (5-2)]0.8 + 5

16.66 s

0.2 103

4. Equation 1.2 gives the total delay time for connection-oriented networks. Let tp
be the packet-propagation delay between each two nodes, tf1 be the data packet
transfer time to the next node, and tr1 be the data packet processing time. Also, let
tf2 be the control-packet transfer time to the next node, and tr2 be the controlpacket processing time. Give an expression for D in terms of all these variables.
Jawab :
Dp = np + (nh -2)]t f1 + (n h 1)t p + n ht r1
Dc =3 [(1+ (nh -2))t f2 + (n h 1)t p + n ht r2]
Dt = Dp + Dc
Dt = (np + nh 2) t f1 + 3(n h 1) t f2 + nh (t r1 +3 t r2) + 4(n h 1)tp
5. Suppose that a 200 MB message stored on a CD-ROM is to be uploaded on a
destination through a virtual-circuit packet-switched network. This network
forces packets to be of size 10 KB, including a packet header of 40 bytes. Nodes
are 400 miles apart, and servers are 50 miles away from their corresponding
nodes. All transmission links are of type 100 Mb/s. The processing time at each
node is 0.2 seconds per packet. For this purpose, the signaling packet is 500 bit
long.
a. Find the total connection request/accept process time.
b. Find the total connection release process time.
c. Find the total time required to send this message.
Jawab :
Banyaknya paket np
np =

200 MB
10000 B40 B

200000 KB
9,96 KB

= 20080

Dt = Dp + Dc
tp1 =

50 miles 1600 m/miles

2.3 10 8 m/ s

tp2 =

400 miles 1600 m/ miles

2.3 108 m/s

= 0.35 ms

= 2.8 ms

a) Disini, tr didefinisikan sebagai pengolahan waktu pada setiap paket, sehingga

tr = 0.2, dan np = 1

d connreq = d connaccept
(nh 1)tp + [np + (nh 2)tf + nhtr

b
packet
mb
100
s

500
[(2-1)0.35 + (3 1)2.8] ms + [1+(5-2)]

+1

0.2 s
0.2 s
b) Karena

d connreq

d connaccept

d connrelease , maka nilai total

d connrelease = 0.2 s
c) Sejak tr didefinisikan sebagai pengolahan waktu pada setiap paket, maka tr =

0.2 = 20090 s. Dt = Dp + Dc = 17 + 3 12000 = 36,017 s.

nhtr = 5 4016 = 20090 s

20080
Dp
Dc =

d connreq +

d connaccept +

Dt = Dp + Dc = 20090 + 0.2

d connrelease = 0.2 + 0.2 +0.2 = 0.6

3 = 20090 s

6. We want to deliver a 12 KB message by uploading it in the destination's Web site

through a 10-node path of a virtual-circuit packet-switched network. For this
purpose, the signaling packet is 500 bits long. The network forces packets to be
of size 10 KB including a packet header of 40 bytes. Nodes are 500 miles apart.
All transmission links are of type 1 Gb/s. The processing time at each node is 100
ms per packet and the propagation speed is 2.3 x 108 m/s.
a. Find the total connection request/accept process time.
b. Find the total connection release process time.
c. Find the total time required to send this message.
Jawab :
Diketahui : s = 109 b/s
nh = 10 node
t r1 = t r2 = 0.1s = t r
Data paket:
(9960 + 40) bytes untuk packet1
(2040 + 40) bytes untuk packet2

t f1 packet1 =

10000 B 8 b /B
109 b /s

=8

105 s

t f1 packet2 =

10000 B 8 b /B
109 b /s

=8

105 s

t f2 = transfer times for control packets =

500 b
10 9 b /s

= 5 10 s

maka propagation delaynya adalah :

tp =

l
c

500 miles 1.61 103 m

8
2.3 10 m/s

= 3.5

103 s

a) Request + accept time:

t1 + t2 = 2 [(np + (nh -1))t f2 + (n h 1)t p + n ht r] = 2.06 s
b) t3 =

1
2

(t1 + t2) = 1.03 s

Dt = Dp + Dc
Dp = Dp-packet1 + Dp-packet2
= [np + (nh 2)]tf1-packet1 + nh tr1 + (nh 1)tp + [np + (nh 2)]tf2-

c)

packet1 + nhtr1 + (nh 1)tp

Dc = t1 + t2 + t3
Dt = 4.1 s
7. To analyze the transmission of a 10,000-bit-long packet, we want the percentage
of link utilization used by the data portion of a packet to be 72 percent. We also
want the ratio of the packet header, h, to packet data, d, to be 0.04. The
transmission link speed is s = 100 Mb/s.
a. Find the link utilization, .
b. Find the link capacity rate, , in terms of packets per second.
c. Find the average delay per packet.
d. Find the optimum average delay per packet.
Jawab :
Diketahui :
d + h = 10000 b,

d = 72
h
d

= 0.04,

s = 100 Mb/s

d
d+ h

a) h = 0.04d , maka
karena

b)

d =

d
d+ h , maka 0.72 =

s
h+d

= 0.96

0.96

100 10 6 b /s
10 103 b

= 10

= 0.74

103

= 10000

packets/sec
c)

= = 0.74 10000 = 74000

1

D
= 100007400 = 0.38 ms

optimum
D
=

d)

h d
s 1 d

d + h = 10000h/d = 0.04

h = 34 b

optimum = 0.12
D
8. Consider a digital link with a maximum capacity of s = 100 Mb/s facing a
situation resulting in 80 percent utilization. Equal-size packets arrive at 8,000
packets per second. The link utilization dedicated to headers of packets is 0.8
percent.
a. Find the total size of each packet.
b. Find the header and data sizes for each packet.
c. If the header size is not negotiable, what would the optimum size of packets
be?
d. Find the delay for each optimal-sized packet.
Jawab :

s = 100Mb/s
= 80%
a) =
0.8 =

8000

= 10000 packets/s

s
h+d

100 x 10
h+d

=> 10,000 =

h + d = 10,000 b
h
b) h = 0.008 and h = d+ h
d + h = 100h
h = 100b, and d = 9900b.
c) h = 0.008
d = h = 0.8 0.008
d = 0.792

dopt = h

( 1 d d ) = 809 bits

(d + h)opt = h + dopt = 100 + 809

d)

(d + h)opt = 909b
h
1

D
=
optimum
s 1 d

optimum

= 8.2 x 10-5 s

9. Develop a signaling delay chart, similar to Figures 1.7 and 1.8, for circuitswitched networks. From required steps, get an idea that would result in the
establishment of a telephone call over circuit-switched networks.
Jawab :

Figure 1.1 signalling delay in connection-oriented packet-switched

environment.
10. In practice, the optimum size of a packet estimated in Equation (1.7) depends on
several other contributing factors.
a. Derive the optimization analysis, this time also including the header size, h.
In this case, you have two variables: d and h.

b. What other factors might also contribute to the optimization of the packet
size?
Jawab :

D=

d+ h
d
s [1
]
d ( d +h )

a)

D
h
Jadi :

=0

hoptimum =

d (12 d)
2 d

b) The other factors might also contribute to the optimization of the packet size
is queueing delay.