Ly, COMMONWEALTH SECONDARY SCHOOL . 3 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2014 Ae PHYSICS (5059/2) % wm PAPER 2 Name: F ( ) Class: SECONDARY FOUR EXPRESS 27 August 2014 0800 h- 0945 h 4 hand 45 minutes READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST \Wrlte your name, index number and class on the question paper and any separate answer sheets, used. ‘Wilte in dark blue or black pen. Section A (60 marks) Answer all questions. ‘Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper. Section B (30 marks) ‘Answer all three questions, ‘Question 12 has a choice of parts to answer. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES ‘The number of marks Is given In brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Candidates are reminded that all quandtative answers should include appropriate units. Candidates are advised to show all their working In a clear and orderly manner, as more marks are awarded for sound use of physics than for correct answers, ‘Take the gravitational field strength gon Earth to be 10 Nig”. ‘Al the end of the examination, ensure that you have submitted all your work. For Examiner's Use Paper 1 | Paper 2 Section A Paper 2 Section 8 Name of setter: Mr Jensen Ong Parents'/Guardian's Signature This paper consists of 16 printed pages including the cover page, {Turn overSection A Answer all the questions inthis section. 1 Fig 1.1. shows how the vertical velocity of a parachutist changes from the moment parachutist jumps from the aircraft unfil landing on the ground. Opens parachute 70. 80 50 Vertical veloaty in 4 metres per cond 20 ‘0 ° 0 § «610 «15 «20 2% 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 Time a seconds Fig. 14 (@) Use Newton's laws of motion to explain why the parachutist reaches terminal velocity before the parachute is opened. t {b) When the parachutist jumps off the plane, the weight ofthe parachutist is one of the fw {forces that form an action-reaction pair of forces, Describe the other force of the pair. {1{c) Suggest the changes to the graph, if any, if the skydiver uses a parachute of a larger surface area. Assume that the parachutist opens the parachute at the sama instant as indicated on the graph. 2 Fig 2.1 below shows a kitchen cupboard securely mounted to a vertical wall. The cupboard rests ona supportat A, Fig. 24 ‘The total weight of the cupboard and its content is 200 N. The line of action of ts weight is at a distance of 12 om from A. The screw securing the cupboard to the wall is at a vertical distance of 75 om from A, (a) State the principle of moments. a {b) The drection of F provided by the screw on the cupboard is horizontal as shown in Fig. 2.1, Determine the magnitude of F. a magnitude of F =(c) The oross sectional area under the head of the screw in contact with the cupboard is 0.60 om. Calculate the pressure on the cupboard under the screw hoad. 2] pressure = (a) 3 Acar of mass 970 kg Is traveling at 27m s" when the brakes are applied. The speed of car decreases to 15m s" in a distance of 40m, (a) (I) Calculate the loss in kinetic energy of the carwhen the brakes are applied. [2] loss in kinetic energy (li) Hence, calculate the average braking force on the car. 2 braking force(b) The car has four brake discs each of mass 1.2 kg, The material from which the dises are made has a specific heat capacity of 520 J kg KY ‘Assuring that all the kinetic energy of the car is converted info thermal energy of the brake discs equally during braking, calculate the temperature rise of each disc after braking from a speed of 27 ms*to 15 ms". e temperature rise = 4. Fig, 4.1 below shows a ray of red and violet light passing into the surface of water. Ray of red. and violet light, ‘The diagram is not drawn to scale. Fig. 4.1 (a) Give a reason why lights refracted as it enters water. a (b) The refractive index of violet fight passing from air to water is 1.94, Calculate the angle o refraction of the refracted violet ray. fr) angle of refraction= (6) The refractive index of red light passing from air to water fs 1.33. Add a line 10 th diagram to show the approximate path of the refracted red ray. fw5 An object is placed in front of a converging lens as shown In the diagram below. The diagrt rawn to scale. (@) By drawing two rays from the object, locate the position of the fens and its principal 1 Label the principal focus clearly with F. image {b) State an optical device that uses this lens in this arrangement, 6 A light metallic coated sphere P which is suspended with an Insulating string is in contact an uncharged metal sphere A which Is fixed on an insulating stand, A highly positively char sphere B is moved towards A as shown in Fig. 8.1 below, A 4 P Insulators Fig, 6.4 (a) Draw on the diagram, the charge distribution on P and A. ( {b) Sphere B is allowed to come in contact with A. Describe and explain the final position of P. t‘A small positively charged metal sphere A is hung from an insulating string. Fig.7.1 below shows. the effect cn A when a negatively charged sphere B on an insulated rod is positioned close to It. The string makes an angle with the vertical ‘The mass of sphere A is 4.5 x 10° kg and the electric force acting on Ais 1.5 x 10“ N. Drawa well laballed vector diagram to determine the tension of the string and the angle @made by the a string with the vertical. Insulating red Fig. 7.4 scale = tension of string angle @1 Two smooth electrically conducting vertical tracks are joined by a horizontal metal slide of length 40 mm. The slide is supported by a sensitive spring balance and is free to move up and down the tracks in a uniform horizontal magnetic field, at right angles to ts tength as shown in Fig. 8.1 balance reading /mN horizontal metal slide conducting track oe ‘Current variable power opply Fig. 8.1 Fig. 8.2 ‘The spring balance, which Is callbrated in millnewion, reads zero when itis hanging verticaly and supporting no load. The tracks are connected to a variabla power supply which can provide a current in eithor direction through the circult. A student passes various currents through the circuit and notes corresponding readings on the spring. The results are plotted in the graph as shown in Fig. 8.2. (2) From the graph, estimate ()) the mass of the horizontal metal slide, ic) mass ofsiide = iy the MAQNItUAEY of the current flowing in the horizontal metal site when the spring balance reads zero. a current = {b) Indicate the direction of the current on the horizontal metal slide in Fig. 8.1 when the spring balance reads zero. Expiain your answer 8)strings. The pick-up consists of a small col of insulated wire wound round a small cylindrical ba magnet as ilustrated In Fig. 9.1 below. signal output oftindicat “ibration of guitar string tng Fig. 9.4 The strings of the guitar are made of steol. When a string vibrates, an electrical slgnal is generated between the terminals of the coll. a (a) Slate Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. (b) ‘Suggest why the design of the pick-up would be inappropriate for use on a guitar wit a te) nylon strings.10 ‘Section B Answer all the questions from this section, Answer only one of the two altemative questions in Question 12, 10 To investigate a layer of rock underground, an explosion is tiggered on the surface of the @ Fig. 10.1 below shows the arrangement. ‘explosion made hare detector air surface earth layer of rock Fig, 10.4 ‘Sound wave from the explosion may travel fo the detector through alr (path 1) of through {path 2). It can also be transmitted into the layer of rock by path 4 with part of wave bi ‘flected at the boundary between the earth and the layer of rock as indicated by path 3 ‘The time faken for the sound to reach the detector is shown in Fig, 10.2, path | path2 | patna "Time taken Gn Seconds) for sound fo travel from the source to the detector | O10 | 0.02 = Fig. 10.2 (a) Explain why sound wave takes the shortest time to reach the detector along path 2, [ {b) Given that the speed of sound in alr Is 330 m 5”, calculate the distance between source of sound and the detector. : b distance = (c) Use the answer in part (b) to calculate the speed of sound in earth. speed ofsound ="1 (@) The sound traveling along path 5 undergoes total internal reflection. State the conditions, for total internal reflection to occur. @ le) Referring to path 4, explain how the speed of sound changes when It travels from earth to the layer of rock. tl (Another type of sound wave that is frequently used is called ultrasound. Explain what ultrasound is and state one application of ullasound in tha medical field, 2 In an effect called the Mpemba effect a quantity of hot water freezes completely in a shorter ime than the same quantity of cold water when both are placed In the same freezer. ‘Two possible explanations of this effect are: * convection effects within the water ‘+ greater rate of evaporation of the warmer water reducing its mass. (2) Describe the process of convection within a quid, a (b) State two differences between evaporation and boiling. fr) 1R (c) Explain in terms of molecules why the mass ofa liquid reduces during evaporation. [2] (4) Another possible explanation of the Mpemba effect is that when the two containers of water are placed nextto each other on a freezer shelf, the container with the hot water melts the ice on the shelf more quickly. So there is better thermal contact between this container and the melted ice on the shelf. Name and expiain the heat transfer process that takes place between the bottom of the container of hot water and the melted ice beneath it. 2] (e) Fig. 11.1 below was obtained by cooling two samples of water from different starting temperatures under identical conditions, Fig. 14.4 Explain why the graphs show the Mpemba effect. Your answer should quote data from the graphs. ic)B 12 EITHER Fig 12.1 below shows the LV characteristic of two electrical components, a resistor, ine Rand a thermistor, ine T. 06 0.4- JIA 0.2: 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Fig. 12.4 viv (2) State Ohm's Law and explain why component R obey Ohm's law, 8) (0) From the graph, determine the resistance of component R. a resistance = {e) Component R is constructed from a rod of diameter 3.98 x 10° m and length 0,012 m, Determine the resistivity of the material of the rod. eR)“4 {¢) The resistor and the themistor can be connected to a variable voltage supply in two ways a5 shown ia Figure 12.2 and 12.3. & E safe fe Fig 12.2 Fig 12.3 “The voltage of the supply is varlad in each circuit untl the current drawn from itis 0,6 Use data from the graph to explain why the e.m.f of the supply is () 9.0V in Figure 12,2,oR 18 ssistor X Is constructed from a rod of cross sectional area 9.0 x 10* m? and length 0.012 mas wn in Fig, 12.4. The resistivity of the rodis 2.49 m. (a) (b) te) en resistor X Aoi am Fig, 12.4 Calculate the resistance of the resistor X. Ql resistance = ‘The power rating of resistor X Is 0.125 W. Show that that the maximum potential difference which should be applied safely across the resistor Is 20 V. a A student needs a resistor of the same resistance as X but with a power rating of 0.50 W. He connected four of these resistors as shown in Fig. 12.5 to meet his requirements, The potential dference across the combination of resistors is 40 V, x x Oo xX x av Fig. 12.5 Explain how the above connection meets the student's requirement in terms of total resistance, potential difference and power rating. @ ,16 (4) Another resistor Vis constructed from the same material but has twice the length and twice the diameter of resistor X. (I), Show that the resistance Ry of Y is haif the resistance Rx of resistor X. el {Il) The two resistors X and ¥ are connected in series to a d.c, power supply as shown in Fig. 12.8. de. 6. supply x Y Fig. 12.6 State and explain which resistor dissipates greater power. ie * END OF PAPER"COMMONWEALTH SECONDARY SCHOOL Prelim Exam 2014 ‘Secondary 4 Express Mark Scheme Paper 2 Ga ‘Answer ~] Marks [Remarks To] | «Woene parechawateanste [1 [MeatRe plane, resultant force = weight. Acceleration = gor toms. "+ When he accelerates (velocity increases), | ¢ Airaltanc etensce, Reuland : foveceereseen ade fas it Musthae decreasing disoseeg tevin «non ge estnes © wolht atcha exces todo wh terminal (constant) velocity, cj Force on earth by the parachutisvman 1 @ ‘The slope fs more nagativesiope will be -steoporiate of decrease In velocity Is greater, Siowerlsmallertower terminal velocity 1 ‘longer tine for graph to reach v=0 (Gonger time for parachulst to reach the around) Reach terminal volocity earlier 2 [0 | | when a body is in equlitxium, 1 The word “pivot” mention at leas sum of clockwise moments abouta plvotis | 4 eee equal (othe sum of anticlockwise moments about the same pivot o F x 0.78 =200x0,12 1 =32N 1 (cy Pressure = Force/Area: 1 ect #22(0.80/0011000 saat Pa 1 @ Shorter distance will fesuitin a greater force | 4 fon the na ‘Therefore pressure will be larger with the same screw af ‘Omarks for ¥ (970)? ~ 18)" 3 |r | @ | Final KE ~ intial KE = (970,27 154)! 1 244x104 1 Gi) | Force = Ene loss/distance ect 2.44 x 10° 40 1Gi —[Anawer Waris [Romane = 6100 NoeTiON 4 1} Thermal energy = mead 2,44 x 1054 = 1.2(520) 48 1 (88=97,8°C or K 1 (a) Speed of light decreases as it enters water 1 1] [sin rorsine= 434 1 rags 1 © Light ray red) I refracted ata larger angle of | 4 alized for line witho! retraction @) | | Ray connecting mage to object. 1 | Cedvetmax tm: Ray parallel to piace axis, Rayisthen © | 4 |» mischg arrows connected from image fo F. * arows lawrong recto Position of fens determined correctly. 1 |? MmMbendottedtnes Principal Focus labeled F, 1 @) Magnifying dass 1 (| | -ve charges ona cght sto ofA, ve 1 | Thenumber of charges on # charges an thao le of P. Pngad at be the se a8, quel number of chargesion the lat of sphere | P and right side of sphere A, | |e chargein Awit moveto B to neviralze [4 some of the #va charges in B, This leaves A and 6 positively charged. As lke charges rpel,P wil bo repelied from | * ‘AOR sos Pls +o, both P and A wil opal ach oer. + All vectors aboted corecty. + | Wl of store A must be + All arrows are drawn in the correct 4 | SeTecty determined, dlocton (wih 90°angle correctly drawn) ‘Alow45x10'N to 60x104N 2 T48x 10h 1 len + Angle = 18 ; students ar nt penslized for ‘adem eae @ Weight = 35 mN 7 Mass =3.5 x 10" kg 1 358A ©) | | Currenttow towards the right on the slide, | 1 | Students are awarded om Upward force t balance weight when ‘balance reads zero, By Fleming's Left Hand rule, the curent flow answer shows misconception contradiction,~ Ga [Answer towards the right ‘Marks [Remarks 1 @ Faraday's faw of eloctrome netic induction states that the magnitude of the induced emda ina citcuitis directly proportional to the rata of change of magnetiefux in the reuitrate of cutting of magnetic fuxrate of ‘change of magnetic tines of force linking the circuitrate of change of magnetic field linking the clreutt + The guitar sting Is magnotised by Induction in the presence of the cylindrical ‘magnet. + When the guitar string vibrates, the coil ‘experiences a continuous change In magnetic flux liking the cof. + By Faraday's law, an e.mé. is induced i the coll hence generating an electical signal between its terminals. 1 ‘Students are awarded Om if answer shows misconception or contradiction. © * Nylon is a ion-magnetic material and cannot be magnetised by Induction in the presence of the cylindrical magnet + The eait does not experience a changing magnetic flux as the string vibrates. and thus no e.m4. willbe Induced in the coll 10 o ‘Sound travels fasterin sofd (earth) compared toalr. o © Speed = 39/0.02 =1650 ms" @ Wave must travel from a optically denser to a ‘optically ess denso medium. ‘Angle of incidence is targer than crtical angle (of the optically denser medium, ‘As the sound wave bends away from the ‘normal as it travels from earth t rock, its ‘speed In rock is faster than earth, Ultrasound is sound with frequencies above ‘the upper limit of the human range of idblity/ frequencies higher than 20kHz, Prenatal scanning Scanning of body tissue " « ‘Water atthe surface was cooled, Its volume contracts and gets denser end therefore sinks,cy ‘Anawer Wark Remarks “The water in the warmer region is less dance and therefore rises. (This sets up a convection current) w ‘Any 2 of the 6 diferences listed inthe textbook. o “The liquid molecules at the surface gained enough energy from other quid molecuies to overcome attractive forces of the othor molecules/oreak the bends between molecules or to separate them and (Gtmespheri pressure) to escape into the atmosphere. ‘As the molecules escapes into the ‘atmosphere, the mass of the remaining liquid decreases, w ‘Conduction Particles (atoms) at the bottom ofthe hot ‘water containor hot end) vibrate more ‘rigorously and collide with its neighbouring paitictes (atoms). This causes the thermal ‘energy (heat) to be transferred to the ce, 1 mis awarded if students show . ‘an understanding of the mojecular vibration mechanism, @ ‘Students comment that I takes 16 000s to fully freeze water at 20°C while ittakes only 14 000s tofuly reeze water at 40°C, This Verified the Mempha effect. (it students only describe the freezing Segment, 1m is awarded) ‘Time taken to freeze water at 40°C is 14000- 4000 = 10000 s Time taken to freeze water at 20°C Is 16000- 2800 = 132005 “This verted Mempha effect To accept reading to half the smallest division, No mark is awarded it student ‘cornment on the rate of cooling ‘or only compare the cooling ‘segment of the curve, [er ‘Ohm's law states that the current passing through a metallic conductor le directly Proportional tothe potential difference ‘across i, provided that physleal conditions romain constant. ‘+ Straightline (constant gredlent) {Passes through the orga e 342752 ‘Students thease any convenient pair of points (1) to dotormine Re @ T= OOPS x TTA 9581x10" fm ect @ ‘Series creuit current through both ‘components is the same (0.60 A). Both components have a p.6.of 4.5 V each from the graph. Total emf = 4.5x2= 9.0V Parallel creuit, currents through each ‘component adds up 10 0.60 A.Ga [answer ACSV, [through Ris 040 A and Brough 0.20 A, Total current js 0.60 A, Marks Remarks WY] — [Read atalexto") 7 ° 92000 at ~ o TR t 0.125 = V3/3200 V=20v ___| __ @ + Toial rasistance of connection (118400 + 1/6400)" = 3200.0 Power rating of connection (0,125 x 4) = 0.50 w ad, across each resistor remains at 20 V |__| which is within ie maximum safety it, __ | which s within he R= piln(w2y Rec? Ry Rx {im awarded for correct substitution of A= (diay {im awardd f students showed that ional 1 Series crcl, curontlsconsiant a Method Using P=PR [eonstant, Ry < Rx bys Px ‘Method 2: Using P =v ‘Since Ry is larger, p.d across X's larger. Since | is constant for both X and Y. Pye Px Full mark Is only awarded it students derived at the desired telations! Deduct 1 mit student uses voltage Instead of p.d.