1. Read the following passage and choose the best heading.

The environmental challenges posed by(gy ra bi) agriculture are huge(rt ln), and theyll only
become more pressing(cp bch) as we try to meet(p ng) the growing need for food
worldwide. Well likely(rt c th s) have two billion more mouths to feed by mid-century more than nine billion people. But sheer(Khng gii hn, khng kim sot) population growth
isnt the only reason well need more food. The spread(s ly lan) of prosperity(s pht t, s
phn vinh) across the world, especially in India and China, is driving(iu khin) an increased
demand for meat, eggs and dairy(s sn xut b sa), boosting pressure(tng p lc) to grow
more corn and soybeans(ng v u nnh) to feed more cattle(Th nui, gia sc), pigs and
chickens. If these trends continue, the double whammy(Lng u th ch, gn ging Tin thoi
lng nan) of population growth and richer diets(ch n phong ph) will require us to
roughly(tng) double the amount of crops(cy trng) we grow by 2050.
(Source: National Geographic, May 2014)

A) Two key trends driving(iu khin) the demand for food worldwide.
B) The impact of agriculture on the natural world.
C) Growing populations and their need for food.
2. Read the following passage, and choose the best title from the list.
Using a laser scan of Bourges cathedral(Nh th ln, thnh ng) in France, a team led by John
Ochsendorf of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have 3D-printed thousands of
bricks(gch) and are building an exact 1:50 replica(bn sao). The researchers hope to use the
mock-up(m hnh th nghim) to devise(ngh ra, t ra) a way to gauge(nh gi) the stability(s
n nh), and thus safety, of historical buildings built of(c xy dng bng) brick and stone.
Building the replica(bn sao) is painstaking(Chu kh, cn c; cn thn) work, but Ochsendorf
thinks the process itself may be as valuable as the mechanics uncovered. For students of
architecture and structural engineering(k thut kt cu), hands-on experience(kinh nghim thc
tin) has largely given way to(nhng ch cho) computer modelling. Techniques like 3D printing
could be a way of reconnecting them with the craft(Ngh, ngh th cng) behind the science, he
says.
A)3D printing a historical structure(cu trc lch s).
B) The benefits of 3D printing.
C) Computer modelling or hands-on experience?
D) A damaged cathedral is rebuilt.

3. Read the paragraph below and choose the best heading from the list.
Reading underwent serious changes(tri qua nhng thay i quan trng) in the 18th century.
Until 1750, reading was done intensively(chuyn su): people tended to own a small number
of books and read them repeatedly, often to a small audience. After 1750, people began to read
extensively, finding as many books as they could, and increasingly reading them alone.
Libraries that lent out(cho mn) their material for a small price started to appear, and
occasionally(Thnh thong, i khi) bookstores would offer a small lending library to their
patrons(Khch hng quen). Coffee houses commonly offered books, journals(tp ch) and
sometimes even popular novels to their customers.
1. The appearance(S xut hin) of the first public libraries.
2. Intensive and extensive reading habits(thi quen c sch chuyn su v rng).
3. The reading revolution(cuc cch mng c sch).
4.Read the following passage.
The cinematograph(my quay phim) is a motion picture film camera which also serves as a film
projector and developer. It was invented in the 1890s, but there is much dispute as to the identity
of its inventor(nhng vn cn nhiu tranh chp, bn ci cng nh danh tnh ca nh pht minh ra
n).
Some argue that(Mt s ngi cho rng) the device was first invented and patented(c bng sng
ch) as "Cinmatographe Lon Bouly" by French inventor(nh pht minh) Lon Bouly on
February 12, 1892. Bouly coined the term(t ra thut ng) cinematograph, which translates in
Greek(ting Hi Lp) to writing in movement. It is said that(Ngi ta ni rng) Bouly was not
able to pay the rent for his patent the following year(khng th tr tin thu nh cho bng sng
ch ca mnh vo nm sau), and that the brothers(cc anh em l) Auguste and Louis Lumire
bought the licence.

A more popular version of events is that Louis Lumire was the first to conceptualise the
idea(khi qut tng). The Lumire brothers shared the patent(bng sng ch), and they made
their first film, Sortie de l'usine Lumire de Lyon, in 1894.

Choose the best title for the whole passage from the list below.
A) How the cinematograph was invented
B) The first film projector
C) Who invented the cinematograph?
D) What is a cinematograph?

5.Read the following passage about cognitive behavioural therapy:

A) Cognitive behavioural therapy(Nhn thc tr liu hnh vi) (CBT) is a psychotherapeutic
approach(phng php tm l tr liu): a talking therapy(liu php ni chuyn). CBT aims
to(nhm mc ch) solve problems concerning(gii quyt cc vn lin quan n)
dysfunctional(hnh vi lon chc nng) emotions, behaviours and cognitions(nhn thc) through
a goal-oriented, systematic procedure(mt quy trnh c h thng nh hng mc tiu) in the
present.
B) The particular therapeutic techniques(k thut iu tr c bit) vary(khc nhau), but
commonly may include keeping a diary of significant events(cc s kin c ngha) and
associated feelings, thoughts and behaviours; questioning and testing cognitions(t cu hi v
kim tra nhn thc), assumptions(gi nh), evaluations and beliefs that might be unhelpful and
unrealistic(nh gi v nim tin c th l v ch v khng thc t); gradually facing
activities(dn dn phi i mt vi cc hot ng) which may have been avoided(m c th trnh
c); and trying out(th) new ways of behaving and reacting(hnh x v phn ng).
Relaxation, mindfulness(s quan tm) and distraction(phn tm) techniques are also commonly
included.
C) Going through cognitive behavioural therapy is not an overnight process for clients; a typical
course consists(bao gm) of 12-16 hour-long sessions. Even after clients have learned to
recognise(nhn bit) when and where their mental processes(qu trnh tm thn) go awry(tht
bi), it can in some cases take considerable time or effort to replace a dysfunctional process(qu
trnh ri lon chc nng) or habit(thi quen) with a more reasonable and adaptive(hp l v thch
nghi) one. CBT is problem-focused and structured towards(hng n) the client. It requires
honesty and openness between the client and therapist(N i hi s trung thc v ci m gia
khch hng v nh tr liu), as a therapist(liu php) develops strategies for managing problems
and guiding the client to a better life.
Choose the best headings for paragraphs A, B and C from this list:
1. A slow process - C
2. A new type of therapeutic approach(phng php iu tr)
3. The benefits and drawbacks(li ch v hn ch) of CBT
4. A goal-oriented therapeutic approach - A
5. CBT therapists are always honest(trung thc) with their clients

6. The range of CBT interventions(s can thip) - B

6.Read the following paragraph and choose the best heading.

Melbourne has topped the list(ng u danh sch) of the best cities in the world to live in,
according to a new report by The Economist Intelligence Unit. Vienna in Austria(nc o) and
Vancouver in Canada came in second and third place respectively on the Global Livability
Ranking. Cities across the world are awarded scores depending on lifestyle challenges faced by
the people living there. Each city is scored on its stability(n nh), healthcare, culture and
environment, education and infrastructure(c s h tng). This is the third time that the
Australian city has topped the list. Unfortunately, UK cities fared worse( tnh trng ti t) on
the list with London coming 55 out of 140 cities while Manchester was ranked 51. The report
also shows that livability(Kh nng sng c) across the world has fallen by 0.6 per cent.
A) Livability survey produces some surprising results.
B) How cities are ranked.
C) Results of the latest Most Livable Cities Index.
D) Melbourne is top city for tourists.
7.Choose the best heading for the following paragraph from the list below.
Big data is a term being used more and more by politicians(chnh tr gia). It refers to the
concept that any problem(N cp n khi nim rng bt k vn ) from underperforming
pupils to failing hospitals(t hc sinh yu km cc bnh vin khng) can be solved by
collecting some tightly(cht ch) focused(tap trung) data, crunching it and making tweaks(lm
cho tinh chnh), such as moving pupils or changing nurses shifts, rather than dealing with bigger
issues, such as poverty(ngho i) or spending cuts(chi tiu ct gim). This is an approach that
focuses narrowly(hp) on what works without ever troubling to ask: works for whom? Its
watchword(khu hiu) is smart, which can easily be appreciated(nh gi cao), rather than
right, which cant. Putting trust in highly educated technocrats, it is naturally less interested in
public debate.
A) How data can be used to improve society(x hi).
B) Big data: a smart approach to politics that works for everyone.
C) A sceptical perspective(quan im hoi nghi) on big data.
D) Why the public trusts technocrats more than politicians.

8.Future Shock is a book written by the futurist(nh tng lai hc) Alvin Toffler in 1970. In the
book, Toffler defines the term(nh ngha thut ng) "future shock" as a certain psychological
state of individuals and entire societies(l mt trng thi tm l nht nh ca c nhn v ton x
hi). His shortest definition for the term is a personal perception(nhn thc c nhn) of "too
much change in too short a period of time". The book became an international bestseller, selling
over 6 million copies, and has been widely translated(dch rng ri).
Toffler argued that(cho rng) society is undergoing an enormous structural change(ang tri qua
mt s thay i cu trc khng l), a revolution from an industrial society to a "super-industrial
society"( mt cuc cch mng t mt x hi cng nghip cho mt "x hi siu cng nghip").
This change overwhelms people, he believed, the accelerated rate of technological and social
change leaving people disconnected and suffering from "shattering stress and disorientation" future shocked. Toffler stated that the majority of social problems are symptoms of future shock.
In his discussion of the components of such shock he popularized the term "information
overload."
A) A shocking vision of the future.
B) What is future shock?
C) The career of the futurist Alvin Toffler.
D) A changing society.
S thay i ny ln t mi ngi, ng tin rng, tc tng tc ca s thay i li ngi cng
ngh v x hi b ngt kt ni v b "v tan cng thng v mt phng hng" - tng lai b sc.
Toffler ni rng phn ln cc vn x hi l triu chng ca c sc tng lai. Trong cuc tho
lun ca ng v cc thnh phn ca c sc nh vy ng b thut ng "qu ti thng tin."
A) Mt tm nhn gy sc ca tng lai.
B) "c sc tng lai" l g?
C) S nghip ca cc nh tng lai hc Alvin Toffler.

9.Read the following passage about a chess-playing computer.

A) On February 10, 1996, Deep Blue became the first machine to win a chess game against a
(ng kim v ch th gii)reigning world champion (Garry Kasparov) under regular time
controls. However, Kasparov won three and drew(ha) two of the following five games,
beating(nh bi) Deep Blue by a score of 42. Deep Blue was then heavily upgraded and played
Kasparov again in May 1997, winning the six-game rematch(ti u) 32. Deep Blue won
the deciding(mang tnh quyt nh) game six, becoming the first computer system to defeat(nh
bi) a reigning world champion in a match under standard chess tournament(cuc u) time
controls.
B) After the loss, Kasparov said that he sometimes saw deep intelligence and creativity in the
machine's moves(thy tr thng minh su sc v sng to trong chuyn ng ca my),
suggesting that during the second game, human chess players had intervened on behalf of the
machine(cho thy rng trong sut trn u th hai, ngi chi c ngi can thip thay mt
cho cc my), which would be a violation(vi phm) of the rules. IBM denied(ph nhn) that it
cheated(la o), saying the only human intervention(s can thip) occurred(xy ra) between
games. The rules provided for the developers to modify the program between games, an
opportunity they said they used to shore up weaknesses(chng nhng im yu) in the
computer's play that were revealed(tit l) during the course of the match. This allowed the
computer to avoid a trap(by) in the final game that it had fallen for twice before. Kasparov
demanded a rematch(yu cu mt trn ti u), but IBM refused and dismantled Deep
Blue(nhng IBM t chi v tho d Deep Blue).
Choose the best heading for paragraphs A and B from the list below.
1. The first chess-playing computer
2. Developers intervention is questioned - B
3. Chess champion accepts defeat
4. Program developers caught cheating
5. A victory for artificial intelligence - A

10.Read the following paragraph about the inventor Thomas Edison.

Thomas Edison was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices that
greatly influenced life around the world(nh hng ln ti cuc sng trn ton th gii),
including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light
bulb(Chic my quay a, my nh hnh nh chuyn ng, v lu di, thc t bng n in). He
was one of the first inventors to apply the principles(nguyn tc) of mass production and largescale teamwork to the process of invention, and because of that, he is often credited with the
creation of the first industrial research laboratory(sn xut hng lot v lm vic theo nhm quy
m ln n qu trnh pht minh, v v l do , ng thng c ghi vi vic to ra cc phng
th nghim nghin cu cng nghip u tin). Edison is the fourth most prolific inventor(ngi
pht minh ra nhiu th t trong lch s) in history, holding 1,093 US patents in his name, as well
as many patents in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. He is credited with numerous
inventions that contributed to mass communication and, in particular, telecommunications(ng
c ghi nhn vi nhiu pht minh gp phn truyn thng i chng v c bit, vin thng).
Choose the best heading for the paragraph from the list below.
A) The creator(tc gi) of the first industrial research laboratory(phng th nghim nghin
cu cng nghip u tin).
B) A pioneering and prolific inventor(tin phong v sung mn).
C) Edisons contribution to mass communication (truyn thng i chng.).
11.Match the correct headings with the paragraphs below.
1. The causes of stress among employers and employees
2. The increase in work-related stress - A
3. The increase in visits to physicians
4. Stress has wide-ranging effects on the body and on behaviour - B
A) The number of stress-related disability claims(n) by American employees has doubled(tng
gp i) according to the Employee Assistance Professionals Association in Arlington, Virginia.
Seventy-five to ninety percent of physician visits are related to stress and, according to the
American Institute of Stress, the cost to industry has been estimated at $200 billion-$300 billion
a year.
B) It is clear that problems caused by stress have become a major concern to both employers and
employees. Symptoms(triu chng) of stress are manifested(c th hin) both physiologically
and psychologically(mt sinh l v tm l). Persistent stress can result in cardiovascular
disease(cng thng ko di c th dn n bnh tim mch), a weaker immune system and
frequent headaches, stiff muscles, or backache(h min dch suy yu v nhc u thng xuyn,
c bp cng, hoc au lng). It can also result in poor coping skills, irritability, jumpiness,
insecurity, exhaustion, and difficulty concentrating. Stress may also perpetuate or lead to binge

eating, smoking, and alcohol consumption. (N cng c th dn n thiu k nng ng ph, kh

chu, hay git mnh, bt an, mt mi, v kh tp trung. Stress cng c th ko di hoc c th dn
n vic n ung ch chn say sa, ht thuc v ung ru.)

12.
Across the world, universities are more numerous than they have ever been, yet at the same time
there is unprecedented confusion about their purpose and scepticism about their value(Trn th
gii, cc trng i hc rt nhiu nhiu hn nhng g h tng, nhng ng thi cng c s
nhm ln cha tng thy v mc ch v s hoi nghi v gi tr ca h). What Are Universities
For? offers a spirited and compelling argument for completely rethinking the way we see our
universities, and why we need them(Cc trng i hc i l g? cung cp mt lp lun si ni
v hp dn cho hon ton suy ngh li cch chng ta nhn thy cc trng i hc ca chng ti,
v l do ti sao chng ti cn h).
Stefan Collini challenges the common claim that universities need to show that they help to
make money in order to justify getting more money(Stefan Collini thch thc tuyn b chung
rng cc trng i hc cn phi chng minh rng h gip lm cho tin bin minh cho
nhn nhiu tin hn). Instead, he argues that we must reflect on the different types of institution
and the distinctive roles they play(Thay vo , ng lp lun rng chng ta phi suy ngh v cc
loi khc nhau ca cc t chc v vai tr c bit h chi). In particular we must recognise that
attempting to extend human understanding, which is at the heart of disciplined intellectual
enquiry, can never be wholly harnessed to immediate social purposes - particularly in the case of
the humanities, which both attract and puzzle many people and are therefore the most difficult
subjects to justify(c bit, chng ta phi nhn ra rng c gng m rng s hiu bit ca con
ngi, m l trung tm ca cuc iu tra tr tu c k lut, c th khng bao gi c hon ton
khai thc mc ch x hi trc mt - c bit l trong trng hp ca cc khoa hc nhn vn,
m c hai thu ht v gii nhiu ngi v do cc i tng kh khn nht bin minh).
At a time when the future of higher education lies in the balance, What Are Universities For?
offers all of us a better, deeper and more enlightened understanding of why universities matter, to
everyone(Vo thi im khi tng lai ca gio dc i hc nm trong s cn bng, trng i
hc i l g? cung cp tt c chng ta mt s hiu bit tt hn, su sc hn v sng sut hn
cho l do ti sao cc trng i hc quan trng, tt c mi ngi.).
Which statement best summarises the book's message?

A) We do not necessarily need universities nowadays

B) Universities should be harnessed for social purposes(Cc trng i hc cn c khai thc v
mc ch x hi)
C) Universities must justify(xc minh) the money they are given
D) We need to change our understanding of the role of universities

13.Choose the correct heading for the paragraph from the list below.
A) The environmental impact of estuaries(Cc tc ng mi trng ca cc ca sng)
B) The human impact on certain coastal areas(Cc tc ng ca con ngi trn khu vc
ven bin nht nh)
C) Why estuaries will disappear(Ti sao ca sng s bin mt)
An estuary is a partly enclosed(km theo) coastal(ven bin) body of water with one or more
rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea(Mt ca sng l mt
c duyn hi km theo mt phn nc vi mt hoc nhiu con sng hoc sui chy vo n, v
vi mt kt ni min ph vi bin). Estuaries are amongst the most heavily populated areas
throughout the world, with about 60% of the worlds population living along estuaries and the
coast(Ca sng nm trong s nhng khu vc ng dn c nhiu nht trn ton th gii, vi
khong 60% dn s sng trn th gii cng cc ca sng v b bin). As a result, estuaries are
suffering degradation by many factors, including overgrazing and other poor farming practices;
overfishing; drainage and filling of wetlands; pollutants from sewage inputs; and diking or
damming for flood control or water diversion(Kt qu l, cc ca sng ang b thoi ha do
nhiu yu t, bao gm c chn th qu mc v tp qun canh tc ngho khc; khai thc qu mc;
thot nc v lm y cc vng t ngp nc; cht gy nhim t nc thi u vo; v diking
hoc xy p kim sot l hoc dng nc.).

14.Read the following paragraph and choose the best heading.

Phonics(m hc) refers to a method for teaching speakers of English to read and write that
language. Young learners are taught to associate the sounds of spoken English with letters or
groups of letters. For example, they might be taught that the sound /k/ can be represented by the
spellings c, k, ck, ch, or q. Using phonics, the teacher shows the learners how to blend(pha trn)
the sounds of letters together to produce approximate pronunciations of unknown words. Phonics
is a widely used method of teaching children to read and decode words. Children begin learning
to read using phonics usually around the age of 5 or 6.

A) A new method for language learning

B) How phonics benefits children in the UK
C) Children learn to link sounds with spellings ("Associate sounds with letters" means the
same as "link sounds with spellings")
D) Children learn the rules of spelling
15. Match two of the following headings with the paragraphs below.
1. Rapid sales of printing presses(Kinh doanh nhanh vic in n.).
2. The revolutionary impact of the printing press(Tc ng cch mng ca bo in). 2
3. New information and ideas.
4. The printing boom(S bng n in n). -1
From a single point of origin, Mainz, Germany, printing spread within several decades to over
two hundred cities in a dozen European countries(in n ly lan trong nhiu thp k ti hn hai
trm thnh ph hng chc quc gia chu u). By 1500, printing presses in operation
throughout(vic in n hot ng khp) Western Europe(ty u) had already produced more than
twenty million volumes( sn xut hn hai mi triu tp). In the 16th century, with presses
spreading further afield(vi vic in n lan xa hn), their output rose tenfold to an estimated 150
to 200 million copies(sn lng ca h tng gp mi ln n khong 150 n 200 triu bn).
The operation of a press became so synonymous with the enterprise of printing that it lent its

name to an entire new branch of media, the press. (Cc hot ng ca bo ch tr nn ng

ngha vi doanh nghip in n m n c t tn cho ton b mt chi nhnh mi ca phng
tin truyn thng, bo ch.)
In Renaissance Europe, the arrival of mechanical movable type printing introduced the era of
mass communication which permanently altered the structure of society(Trong thi k Phc
hng chu u, s xut hin ca c kh loi ng in gii thiu thi i ca truyn thng i chng
m vnh vin lm thay i cu trc ca x hi). The relatively unrestricted circulation of
information and ideas transcended borders and threatened the power of political and religious
authorities. The sharp increase in literacy broke the monopoly of the literate elite on education
and learning and bolstered the emerging middle class(Vic lu thng tng i hn ch ca
thng tin v tng vt bin gii v e da quyn lc ca cc c quan chnh tr v tn gio. S
gia tng mnh trong ch ph v s c quyn ca cc tng lp c hc v gio dc v hc tp
v cng c lp trung lu mi ni.).
16.Read the following article and choose the best title from the list below.
A new survey reveals that a family sit-down at dinnertime may reduce a teenagers risk of trying
or using alcohol, cigarettes and drugs(Mt cuc kho st mi cho thy mt gia nh ngi xung
n ti c th lm gim nguy c ca mt thiu nin dng hoc s dng ru, thuc l v ma ty).
The study surveyed more than 1,000 teens and found that those who dined with their families
five to seven times a week were four times less likely to use alcohol, tobacco or marijuana than
those who ate with their families fewer than three times a week. (Nghin cu kho st hn 1.000
thanh thiu nin v pht hin ra rng nhng ngi n ti vi gia nh 5-7 ln mt tun bn ln
t c kh nng s dng ru, thuc l hoc cn sa hn nhng ngi n cng vi gia nh ca h
t hn ba ln mt tun)
A recent UK survey also found that dining together as a family is a key ingredient in ensuring a
child's happiness(Mt cuc kho st mi y Anh cng pht hin ra rng n ung vi nhau
nh mt gia nh l mt thnh phn quan trng trong vic m bo hnh phc ca mt a tr).
Children in the survey reported higher levels of happiness when they dined together with their
families at least three times a week(Tr em trong cuc kho st bo co mc cao ca hnh
phc khi h n ti cng vi gia nh ca h t nht ba ln mt tun). "Contrary to the popular
belief that children only want to spend time playing video games or watching TV," said
researcher Dr. Maris Iacovou of the University of Essex, "we found that they were most happy
when interacting with their parents or siblings."( Tri ngc vi nim tin ph bin rng tr em
ch mun dnh thi gian chi game hoc xem TV, "nh nghin cu tin s Maris Iacovou ca
i hc Essex cho bit," chng ti thy rng h hi lng nht khi tng tc vi cha m hoc anh
ch em rut)
A) Children's happiness
B) Why teenagers use alcohol, cigarettes and drugs
C) What teenagers really want
D) Why families should dine together

17.Read the following paragraphs, taken from The Guardian newspaper.

A) The hunt for intelligent species outside Earth may be a staple of literature and film but it is
happening in real life, too(Cuc sn lng loi thng minh ngoi Tri t c th l mt yu t
chnh ca vn hc v phim - nhng n ang xy ra trong cuc sng thc, qu). Nasa probes are
on the lookout for planets outside our solar system, and astronomers are carefully listening for
any messages being beamed through space(NASA thm d c trn Lookout cho cc hnh tinh
ngoi h mt tri ca chng ta, v nh thin vn hc ang cn thn lng nghe bt k thng ip
c pht i trong khng gian). How awe-inspiring it would be to get confirmation that we are
not alone in the universe, to finally speak to an alien race. Wouldn't it?(Lm th no y cm
hng s c c c xc nhn rng chng ta khng n c trong v tr, cui cng
ni chuyn vi mt chng tc ngi ngoi hnh tinh. khng c ng khng?)
B) Well no, according to the eminent physicist Stephen Hawking. "If aliens visit us, the outcome
would be much as when Columbus landed in America, which didn't turn out well for the Native
Americans," Hawking has said in a forthcoming documentary made for the Discovery
Channel(Cng khng c, theo cc nh vt l ni ting Stephen Hawking. "Nu ngi ngoi hnh
tinh gh thm chng ti, kt qu s c nhiu nh khi Columbus h cnh M, m khng
bt ra cng cho ngi M bn a", Hawking ni trong mt phim ti liu sp ti lm cho
knh Discovery). He argues that, instead of trying to find and communicate with life in the
cosmos, humans would be better off doing everything they can to avoid contact(ng lp lun
rng, thay v c gng tm thy v giao tip vi cuc sng trong v tr, con ngi s tt hn
lm tt c mi th c th trnh tip xc).
C) Hawking believes that, based on the sheer number of planets that scientists know must exist,
we are not the only life-form in the universe(Hawking tin rng, da trn s lng ca cc hnh
tinh m cc nh khoa hc bit phi tn ti, chng ta khng phi l cuc sng hnh thc duy nht
trong v tr). There are, after all, billions and billions of stars in our galaxy alone, with, it is
reasonable to expect, an even greater number of planets orbiting them(C, sau khi tt c, t t
ngi sao trong thin h ca chng ta mt mnh, vi, n l hp l mong i, mt s thm ch
cn ln hn ca hnh tinh xung quanh). And it is not unreasonable to expect some of that alien
life to be intelligent, and capable of interstellar communication(V n khng phi l bt hp l
mong i mt s trong sng ngoi hnh tinh l thng minh, v c kh nng giao tip gia
cc v sao).
Match each paragraph with one of the headings below.
1. A pessimistic prediction(d on bi quan). - B
2. The probability(c kh nng) of life existing on other planets. C (probability =
Hawking BELIEVES, but it is not certain)

3. Astronomers(Cc nh thin vn) send messages through space.

4. How to avoid contact with aliens.
5. The search for alien life-forms. A (the search = the hunt)

6. Life-forms exist on other planets.

18.Paragraph:
For the first time, dictionary publishers(Ngi xut bn, nh xut bn) are incorporating(Kt
hp cht ch) real, spoken English into their data. It gives lexicographers(Nh t in hc;
ngi son t in) (people who write dictionaries) access to a more vibrant(si ni, mnh m,
y hng th, y sc sng), up-to-date vernacular(Bn x, m (ngn ng)) language which
has never really been studied before. In one project, 150 volunteers each agreed to
discreetly(Thn trng, kn o, d dt) tie(gn) a Walkman recorder to their waist(eo) and leave
it running for anything up to two weeks. Every conversation they had was recorded. When the
data was collected, the length of tapes was 35 times the depth of the Atlantic Ocean. Teams of
audio typists(Ngi nh my) transcribed(sao chp, ghi li,chp li) the tapes to produce a
computerised database of ten million words.
Which paragraph heading would you chose, and why?
1. New method of research
2. The first study of spoken language

19.Paragraph:
It was once assumed that improvements in telecommunications would lead to more
dispersal(dn n s phn tn hn) in the population as people were no longer forced into cities.
However, the ISTP team's research demonstrates(Chng minh, gii thch) that the population and
job density( dy, mt ) of cities rose or remained constant in the 1980s after decades of
decline. The explanation for this seems to be that it is valuable to place people working in related
fields together. 'The new world will largely depend on human creativity(sng to), and creativity
flourishes(Hng thnh, thnh vng, pht t; thnh cng; pht trin) where people come
together face-to-face.'
Which paragraph heading would you choose and why?
1. The impact(Tc ng, nh hng, va chm) of telecommunications on population
distribution (phn b dn c)
2. The benefits of working together in cities