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Note Set 23
F2007abn
Unstable Equilibrium
When energy is added to an object, the object will
move and get more disturbed. Things change
rapidly .
Neutral Equilibrium
When energy is added to an object, the object will
move some then stop.. Things change.
ENDS 231
Note Set 23
F2007abn
Pcritical =
2 EI min
(L )2
or
Pcr =
2 EI
2 EA
=
(Le )2 Le 2
r
and the critical stress (if less than the normal stress) is:
f critical =
Pcritical 2 EAr 2
2E
=
=
2
2
A
A(L e )
Le
r
where I=Ar2 and L e r is called the slenderness ratio. The smallest I of the section will govern.
2
ENDS 231
Note Set 23
F2007abn
Pcritical =
2 EI min
(L )
to be used for
Le
f critical =
> Cc =
Pcritical Fy
<
A
2
2 2 E
Fy
where Cc is the column slenderness classification constant and is the slenderness ratio of a
column for which the critical stress is equal to half the yield point stress.
Effective Length and Bracing
Depending on the end support conditions for a column, the effective length can be found from
the deflected shape (elastic equations). If a very long column is braced intermittently along its
length, the column length that will buckle can be determined. The effective length can be found
by multiplying the column length by an effective length factor, K. Le = K L
ENDS 231
Note Set 23
F2007abn
ENDS 231
Note Set 23
F2007abn
ENDS 231
Note Set 23
Example 3 (pg357)
F2007abn